نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اقتصادی
پیاپی 11 (بهار 1402)

In recent decades, the city of Gonbad-e Kavus in Golestan province has witnessed a significant increase in marginalization and urban poverty as a result of its status as a migrant-friendly city. Marginalized neighborhoods have intensified spatial and social inequalities in the city, posing a serious challenge to city officials. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting urban poverty in marginalized neighborhoods. The spatial scope of the research includes the marginalized neighborhoods of Afghanabad, Seyyedabad, Badlje, and Chay-e Boyin in Gonbad-e Kavus, and the temporal scope is summer 2022. The factors affecting urban poverty were ranked and examined from both economic and social perspectives using a researcher-made questionnaire distributed in the aforementioned neighborhoods. The results showed that in the area of public services, access to healthcare had the lowest score (2.18), in the area of safety, the lack or inadequate lighting of streets had the highest score (2.71), in the area of social participation, the possibility of collaboration with local councils had the lowest score (1.85), in the area of unemployment, hidden unemployment had the highest score (3.02), and in the area of financial poverty, low income had the highest score (2.41). In terms of the prevalence of social harms, the Seyyedabad neighborhood scored the highest (0.27=Q), and in terms of the prevalence of economic harms, the Afghanabad neighborhood scored the highest (0.24=Q).

Social participation is needed for rural livability, so measuring it is important. To make a settlement livable, all dimensions must be improved. Villagers' social participation is crucial to enhance the livability level in rural settlements. A questionnaire was used to survey 400 households in 30 villages for the research. The results of the research revealed, based on the standardized coefficients among the indicators of social participation of the villagers, the index of participation in educational and public activities with an influence coefficient of 0.24 and the index of participation in political and electoral activities with a coefficient of 0.223 and the index of participation in Basij and charity activities have the greatest impact on the livability level of the rural environment in the central part of Jiroft with a coefficient of 0.201. The rural environment's livability was affected by 0.65 because of social participation, as per the research. Rural livability improved as social participation increased because of strong variable correlation. Villagers don't use their full potential for rural livability. Clear trainings and awareness can create the ground for their participation in rural activities and programs.Social participation is needed for rural livability, so measuring it is important. To make a settlement livable, all dimensions must be improved. Villagers' social participation is crucial to enhance the livability level in rural settlements. A questionnaire was used to survey 400 households in 30 villages for the research. The results of the research revealed, based on the standardized coefficients among the indicators of social participation of the villagers, the index of participation in educational and public activities with an influence coefficient of 0.24 and the index of participation in political and electoral activities with a coefficient of 0.223 and the index of participation in Basij and charity activities have the greatest impact on the livability level of the rural environment in the central part of Jiroft with a coefficient of 0.201. The rural environment's livability was affected by 0.65 because of social participation, as per the research. Rural livability improved as social participation increased because of strong variable correlation. Villagers don't use their full potential for rural livability. Clear trainings and awareness can create the ground for their participation in rural activities and programs.

Women, as half of the human society, can be the source of significant changes in creating businesses and are capable of generating wealth and employment. Family businesses are one of the types of local entrepreneurship that women, especially in rural areas, can establish. However, it should be noted that starting a business at a local level such as in rural areas is affected by various factors that do not always make it easy for women to start their businesses. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the development of women's home-based businesses in rural areas. The research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and practical in terms of purpose. The data collection method included both library research and field research using a questionnaire administered to two groups of women, those with and without businesses. The statistical population of the research consists of rural women with and without businesses, and the sample size was purposefully selected and included 186 women in both groups. The findings show that based on the T-test results, in the group of women with businesses, factors such as family financial support, work experience, ease of obtaining

Flexibility refers to the ability of a system to quickly adapt to changes and adjust to new conditions in order to maintain competitiveness. The aim of this research is to investigate the level of flexibility of livelihood assets in the rural areas of Bekeshloo Chay district. The research methodology is descriptive-analytical in terms of approach. Data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire in the field. The samples were selected randomly for data collection. The sample size was determined to be 309 individuals using the Cochran method. The data obtained were analyzed using the fuzzy inference system in the MATLAB environment. The results show that the economic asset has the lowest flexibility capacity with a membership degree of 0.03/1 in the low fuzzy set and 0.46 in the medium set. The physical asset has the highest flexibility with a membership degree of 0.34/0 in the high fuzzy set and 0.07/0 in the medium set among all livelihood assets. Generally, the flexibility of livelihood assets is in the medium to high fuzzy set, and all livelihood assets have membership degrees in the medium fuzzy set.

Today's cities, especially in developing countries, have rapidly developed after the industrial revolution due to continuous population growth and urbanization, and this growth and development has had many consequences. One of these consequences or crises in human societies is rooted in social inequalities and the lack of social and economic justice, and has become one of the serious issues for urban planners and managers. The aim of this research is to evaluate the spatial justice in Ahvaz city based on its population distribution. The research method is descriptive-analytical and is based on the land use map of Ahvaz municipality and statistical blocks in 2016. In this study, 12 information layers were used as the physical layers of Ahvaz city. These layers were analyzed using the fuzzy gamma method, and the map of spatial justice status was obtained. Based on the analysis of the 12 information layers in Ahvaz city and their distribution, it was determined that most of the facilities and services are concentrated in the center of Ahvaz city, and approximately 46% of the city's area is in a very unfavorable situation. Only 5% of the total area of Ahvaz city has a very favorable status. In general, we have 15% of the city's area in favorable and very favorable situations in Ahvaz. Also, according to the analysis, about 33% of the population of Ahvaz city are in a situation of lack of access to services and facilities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that spatial justice does not exist well for all citizens in Ahvaz city, and the centralization of the city has deprived many of the city's residents of suitable and accessible services and facilities. Population analysis and land use distribution indicate a mismatch in the distribution of services and facilities based on population distribution.

Quality of life is a determining factor in the progress of a society and reflects the way people live and their personal welfare in a community. Improving the quality of life is one of the most important goals of public policies in any society. For centuries, people have pursued a good life, and humans have continuously strived to improve their living conditions and make the best use of their environmental capabilities and potential. However, the main question is: what is a desirable life? This research seeks to answer the question of how much the villages in Deygolan County are enjoying the indicators of desirable quality of life. To evaluate the quality of life in this study, objective indicators (44 items in 4 economic, social, infrastructure, and policy-making dimensions, including agriculture and rural construction) and subjective indicators (23 items in 6 domains of education, health and safety, social, leisure time, residential environment, and occupation and income) were used. Each of the research indicators was examined in two dimensions, and after applying the final weights using the weighted arithmetic mean approximation method, they were combined using the VIKOR method. The results showed that, from the local community's perspective, the indicators related to the infrastructure and policy-making dimensions were of higher importance in the objective dimension of quality of life. Furthermore, the examination of the subjective indicators of development from the local people's perspective showed that the indicators related to health, safety, income, and occupation were of greater importance.