مجله پزشکی قانونی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 105، بهار 1402)

Applying the rule of "liability for the acts of others" in the handling of medical malpractice lawsuits has many advantages, including improving the level of supervision of managers over employees in the healthcare system, better achieving the goals of restorative justice, facilitating judicial and expert proceedings, and reducing the defensive approaches in employees. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of applying this legal rule in handling medical malpractice lawsuits by looking at the approaches of Mashhad Legal Medicine Organizations and Mashhad Medical Council in applying this rule in issuing expert opinions. After examining the position of liability for the acts of others in jurisprudence, subject law and comparative law, the possibility of generalizing the criteria governing liability for the acts of others to inter-occupational relationships in the medical field was examined and the existing approach of Mashhad Legal Medicine organization and Mashhad Medical Council, Iran were evaluated in this regard by referring to samples of their expert opinions. It was determined that the rule of "liability for the acts of others" has been used in the medical expert opinions of Mashhad in three situations: 1. The ability to attribute the negligence of individuals to the lack of sufficient supervision by superior officials. 2. Assigning the performance of tasks that are within the scope of a person's duties to someone else who does not have the competence to perform that task independently. 3. In a situation where the person in charge of the negligent act is an unknown person among several people, all of whom are employees of the same employer. Applying the rule of "liability for the acts of others" in the medical field, can help the judicial system to improve the level of justice achievement because of its several advantages.

The purpose of this research is to determine the rate of fracture with blackening of teeth. The importance of this issue is due to the fact that one of the issues in court cases regarding the determination of the dowry is the determination of the dowry for broken teeth accompanied by blackening. In the jurisprudential tradition as well as in the Islamic Penal Code, there is no specific provision regarding the determination of the doom for broken bones with blackness, and despite this judicial requirement, no research has been written about this. This has caused different opinions and viewpoints to be expressed in the judicial procedure and the opinion of the forensic doctor, and with reference to Article 619 of the Islamic Penal Code, the only penalty for blackened teeth is determined. This causes violation of the rights of the victims. Therefore, it is necessary to examine this issue from a jurisprudential and legal point of view. The innovation of the article is that by analyzing and re-examining the foundations and jurisprudential evidence, while criticizing the existing procedure, it presents a new point of view regarding the discussed issue. A point of view that aims to protect the maximum rights of the victims and is closer to criminal justice. The research method is descriptive and analytical. The result of the research is that the judicial procedure only rules for black money and does not provide for a broken tooth. It is not compatible with jurisprudence and legal standards and leads to the violation of the rights of the victims.

Plant remains are often found in various parts of the crime scene, including on the dead bodies and objects found at the crime scene. An experienced identification system can be beneficial in accurately identifying and tracking plant evidence at a crime scene. Due to the advances made in the field of DNA, DNA barcoding has become an important tool to discover unknown plant species and plant remains in a wide range of fields including forensic medicine and science. The main purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the two gene regions of matK and RBCL in two species of woody plants, hawthorn and silver cedar.

Genomic DNA of samples collected from hawthorn and silver cypress plants was extracted after transfer in liquid nitrogen by dnazist company kit. The matK and RBCL gene regions were examined on the extracted DNA samples, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragments were purified and sequenced and their phylogenetic tree was plotted by MEGA6 software.

The results of this study showed that the two markers, matK and rbcl, can be used as two appropriate gene markers to identify two plant species, hawthorn and Silver cypress, and these two plant species can be well separated from each other through these two markers.

By using genotyping of plant remains found in the crime scene, which do not have a specific morphology, it is possible to identify the desired plant species using DNA genetic markers, which can be used as a useful tool in criminal science and forensic medicine.

Spouse abuse, especially female abuse, is one of the most common social harm in many societies, which causes many psychological and social consequences for the wife. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the socio-economic factors affecting the domestic violence against women rate (female abuse (in 31 provinces of the country in the period 2012 and 2018.

In the present study, the effect of 17 socio-economic explanatory variables on the domestic violence against women rate was investigated using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method in the context of a panel data regression using R software.

In among the 8 economic variables, only the male unemployment rate with a probability of 1 with a coefficient of 0.7976 has a too strong effect on the rate of domestic violence against women. Also, the urbanization variable with a probability of presence of 0.9777 with a coefficient of -1.6305 and the rate of abortion therapy with a probability of 0.8803 and with a coefficient of 0.1931 were recognized as the second and third strongest, respectively. In contrast, other social and economic variables were not significant to the extent of this violence.

Based on the results of this study, the unemployment rate of men and the rate of abortion therapy increase domestic violence against women and in contrast, with the increase in urbanization, the violence decreases in Iran.

The mother's addiction during pregnancy has a negative effect on the fetus and growth factors, but no detailed investigation has been done regarding the effect of the father's presence during pregnancy. The present study compares the neonate growth factors of addicted mothers in the presence or absence of father.

The data of pregnant mothers who visited Shahid Akbarabadi Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2020 to 2021 were reviewed and addicted mothers were included in the study. A questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics and the presence or absence of the father was prepared and asked to the mothers. Then the growth factors of the neonate were recorded based on the contents of the clinical file and specialist examination of the newborns.

Fathers' emotional support, along with financial support, was effective on birth weight (P<0.001), head circumference (P<0.001), chest circumference (P<0.05), abdominal circumference, height and Apgar (P<0.001). And it has significantly led to a decrease in the incidence of withdrawal syndrome (P<0.001), and a decrease of hospitalization days (P<0.001) compared to the group without father. Father’s financial and emotional support significantly improves the growth factors of head, abdomen, height circumference, Apgar and absence of withdrawal syndrome (P<0.01). The mentioned criteria and good condition at the time of discharge were better in the group with father than in the group without father. In the mothers with emotional support, the results of infant growth factors were better than other groups.

Improving the level of prenatal care and the importance of father's presence can lead to the improvement of neonate growth factors

The most common problems reported by callers to pre-hospital emergency centers is chest pain. Cardiovascular diseases are among common diseases with serious consequences that have a great impact on the death and lifestyle of sufferers. In this study, the time interval of the arrival of dispatch code to the scene at the bedside of patients who died with heart complaints in the year 2021 in Ahvaz city, Iran is investigated.

The present study is a descriptive-cross-sectional study. Sampling was done by census method and it included all the registered cases of patients who died with heart complaints in emergency center 115 of Ahvaz city, Iran. Data collection was done using a checklist consisting of two sections, including demographic characteristics and time recording. The resulting data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 software.

In this study, the data of 293 patients with an average and standard deviation age of 73.3±17.5 were included in the study. 66.2% were men and the rest were women. The average time to reach the patient's bedside was 7.2 and the time for stopping the medical emergency at the scene was 11.5 minutes, which was not significantly different from the standard value (P<0.05)

Although in the present study, the medical emergency arrived at the patient's bedside in less time than the standard, but unfortunately all the patients had died. The faster arrival of the pre-hospital emergency at the patient's bedside, as one of the most important factors affecting mortality, can be the chance of survival. Increase patient stay.

One of the issues that causes insecurity in the society is carrying and keeping firearms. Kermanshah province is one of the areas where carrying and keeping firearms is significant. The purpose of this research is to determine the factors affecting the carrying and storage of firearms in Kermanshah province, Iran in 2019.

The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of the method of carrying out a survey, and it was carried out with the correlation method. The statistical population of the research includes police officers of Kermanshah province. The sample size is 230 people who were selected by available sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the collected data was analyzed using SPSS software and regression tests. Cronbach's alpha test was used for its reliability.

The research findings indicate that between: 1- cultural factors (traditional beliefs, ethnicity, customs and traditions) 2- social factors (social capital, social support, lifestyle, employment) 3- economic factors (poverty, Unemployment) 4- Feeling of insecurity by keeping firearms in Kermanshah province. There is a relationship.

The results of the research show that cultural and economic poverty, feeling of insecurity among the people, lack of employment and lack of social capital are the factors of carrying and keeping illegal firearms in Kermanshah province. Therefore, improving the cultural level of people through counseling and education, reducing poverty and unemployment and creating employment, increasing the level of social security and changing lifestyles and developing social capital is effective in preventing the crime of carrying and keeping illegal firearms.