نشریه رویکردهای حقوق سیاسی
پیاپی 1 (امرداد 1402)

In order to secure national interests, every country seeks the highest degree of security for itself. The effect of changing the strategy of the superior hegemon in the Middle East region and changing the rules and playing field will be an important and influential issue on the security-political environment of Iran. Analyzing and explaining the existing situation at the system level, the rules and the playing field should be changed and the classic view and implementation of hard power in the region should be replaced by balancing and remote control of interests. This strategy has created opportunities and challenges for Iran in its area of influence and will continue to do so. In this research, a qualitative-interpretive method was used, with a descriptive-analytical approach. Handing over the Middle East region to the region's allies and qualitatively monitoring it and prioritizing the fight against Iran's nuclear program is the most important strategy of the Biden administration in the region. Regarding the impact of these policies on Iran's environmental conditions in the region, this strategy can lead to opportunities (more freedom of action and leaving Iran's hands free in the axis under influence due to quantitative changes) and challenges such as (more isolation of Iran due to unification The Arab countries of the region with Israel (Ibrahim Peace Program) will be in the area of influence, which form the findings of the above research. The purpose of the above research is to investigate the impact of the Biden government's policies in the Middle East on the regional security of Iran as a potential actor. It is regional.

In contemporary century, realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations theory. This theory was being emerged after the World War ll and simultaneously with the establishment of United Nations and has played a significant role in explaining international politics, particularly after the Second World War. The propositions of realism are based on interests and power. In addition, states are considered to be the principal actors in the international arena, which are concerned with their own security and national interests. Considering the increasing progress of societies and the competitive development between governments seeking to gain more benefits, the question arises: how can conflict among global powers influence the international relations and what kind of offering these two schools (Realism and Idealism) have regarding the sanction of international law? In this article using the descriptive-analytical method, we open by exploring history, foundations and fundamental principles of realism, and then examine its role in the sanction of public international law. The findings demonstrate that the emphasis on activism of states is based merely on pursuing national interests, and the compliance of these principles with ethical norms is considered without sanction.

Today, the political and legal developments caused by oil sanctions in the field of management, especially the public sector, are one of the main concerns in Iran, so that the highest executive authority of the government confirmed the existence of specialized officers to circumvent political and legal international sanctions in Iran. However, the great powers always define the order governing the international system based on the facts in the world based on what their interests require and can lead to the stabilization of their power, as a result, any actor in the international system who does not follow such an order should be punished and Pay for it. In such a situation, Iran put the transfer of upstream technologies and the manual end of the oil field under unilateral international sanctions by the United States. The main question we are looking for is how the Iranian government can turn the threat it has faced in the field of oil technologies into an opportunity. In response, it should be said: with approaches such as emphasizing the flourishing of technological knowledge-based companies in the oil field, cooperation in training and transfer of high technologies through aligned countries in the international system based on looking to the East, can turn the embargo situation into a golden opportunity for development. It has been presented with a descriptive and analytical approach by providing operational solutions through the study of library method resources.

Because some media in their activities commit acts that are considered crimes according to the current laws of the country, dealing with the civil responsibility of the media can not only lead to their dynamism and growth, but will also cause people who have been harmed by the actions of the media , to be able to more easily and transparently demand the damages caused to them, the result of which, apart from preserving the true meaning of freedom of speech, will also lead to the satisfaction of the general public. The aim of the current research is the civil responsibility of mass media in the realm of freedom of expression with an emphasis on Iran's legal system, which was carried out using a descriptive-analytical method. The results showed that freedom of expression is very important in relation to the media and the legislator has tried to consider these two bases in the responsibility of the media. Theory of guiltIt also has shortcomings such that it is difficult to prove fault in some cases and this has caused the suffering of the victims.

In order to achieve its long-standing goals in the Middle East, the Zionist regime is using every possibility and means to realize the Greater Israel plan and implement it. The pressure is on its number one rival and enemy in the Middle East region, the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that Israel's attempt to normalize relations with the Arabs and expand its influence in the Middle East region (Iran's peripheral environment) is based on the balance of threats, preventing regional influence and confrontation and reducing the strategic strength and depth of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the national-regional environment. It is itself. In this research, a qualitative-interpretive method was used, with a descriptive-analytical approach. The findings of the research show that considering Israel's strategic-security alignment in the Middle East region with the United States of America and the value system of the Western alliance and the norms governing the international system and the identity-ideological conflicts of the Islamic Republic of Iran with the existence of the Israeli regime, any The increasing presence of Israel in Iran's security-surrounding environment in various political, military, economic, cultural-social, technical and technological aspects means a decrease in Iran's influence and influencing power, and is naturally considered a threat to its national-regional security.

From the point of view of the theoretical teachings of positivism and legal realism, we seek to find out whether idealistic political systems influence the enactment of criminal penal laws. It seems that according to these teachings, legal realism, like legal positivism, is based on the premise that law should be known as it is and not as it should be, this is where we enter the common realm of politics and law; Law and politics as social phenomena are both dual manifestations of a single entity (perception of a single ontology); Loses and achieves two main results, including: the adoption of populist laws with more political to legal function, the development of expedient laws in the criminal field, which in itself creates effects such as criminal inflation, political, cross-sectional and criminal law response Among its consequences are various challenges, including political, legal, moral, religious and human rights challenges, which in general will lead to the adoption of criminal laws.