نشریه تحقیقات روانشناختی
پیاپی 35 (پاییز و زمستان 1398)

In the current situation, the need for basic education about humans is felt more. It seems that science and technology have surpassed the knowledge required by man, and that is why the life of man has now multiplied with the development of technology, while his self-awareness is weak, and until this awareness is not formed in him, day by day, he will become a kind of himself. He falls away and this feeling of alienation threatens his health, so the purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of self-knowledge training on self-knowledge in the Telegram social network. The research method was carried out as a quasi-experiment in the form of pre-test and post-test. 30 samples were selected as available and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups In the experimental group, self-awareness training was done for four months, and the control group did not receive any training. The instrument measured in this research was the Self-Knowledge Scale (ISKS) and with the Mankova test, the results indicated that self-knowledge training had a significant difference on self-knowledge and mental health in the two experimental groups and the control group, and finally, self-knowledge training was significantly effective on health. Is. In addition, self-awareness training had a significant effect on each and every component of self-awareness and mental health components.

The importance of marriage and expectations from it in shaping people's lives and quality of relationships is undeniable. Expectation from marriage is influenced by many factors such as internal processes and personality traits of each person as well as environmental factors and social context. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to predict the expectation of marriage based on personality traits and attachment styles in unmarried female undergraduate students of Tehran University who are studying in the second semester of the academic year 2016-2017. In this research, which was of correlation type, 200 people are considered from the population of 240 people by multi-stage random sampling method based on regression logic (Delaware, 2015) and considering the possibility of drop, 20% will be added to this number. And the sample size was 240 people. The participants responded to McCree and Costa (1985), Hazen and Shaver (1987) attachment styles, and Jones and Nelson (1996) expectations of marriage. The results obtained using regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that attachment styles can predict 43.7% of realistic expectation, 16.7% of idealistic expectation and 10% of pessimistic expectation of marriage. Also, personality traits can predict 4.5% of realistic expectation, 5.8% of idealistic expectation and 5.6% of pessimistic expectation towards marriage. Therefore, personality traits and attachment styles are effective components related to expectations of marriage.

The aim of the research was to investigate the mediation of mother-child relationship in the relationship between mother's mood and attachment with behavioral problems of children aged 6 to 12 years. The study was conducted by correlation method and available sampling. From the community of 1000 children participating in the summer activities of the centers of Rajaeeshahr region of Karaj, 300 mothers of children with an average age of 9.5 years to the mother-child relationship evaluation tools of Ross (1961); Collins and Reid's (1990) attachment; Stress, anxiety and depression 21 questions (1998); and Rutter's (1964) behavioral problems answered. After discarding 86 questionnaires, the data of 214 questionnaires were analyzed by path analysis method using Lisrel software. The results showed that the two variables of mother's mood and attachment have a direct effect on the child, respectively (β=0.18 and β=0.35 with P=0.001) and a direct effect on the child's behavioral problems. It is equal in both paths (β=0.39, P=0.001). This is despite the fact that the mediator variable, mother-child relationship, has no significant effect on children's behavioral problems (β=0.12, P=0.001). In addition, the two mentioned variables were able to explain 55% of children's behavioral problems at the level of 0.05. According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that among the effective factors in interventions to reduce behavioral problems, in addition to parenting skills, is the intervention to improve the mother's mood and attachment problems.

Abacus-based mental calculation is a mental calculation skill based on the manipulation of beads on a mental abacus that activates preparietal areas that mainly overlap with the working memory network. The purpose of the present study was to compare the active memory and processing speed of students with and without UC Mes training. The comparative causal research method and the statistical population included all primary students of the fourth grade in Islamshahr city. 160 students were selected from this community, including 80 regular students (40 girls and 40 boys) using random cluster sampling and 80 UC Mes students (40 girls and 40 boys) using purposive sampling. Children's Wechsler Intelligence Test-4 was used to measure active memory and processing speed. The results of two-way analysis of variance showed that active memory and processing speed of UC Copper students are significantly higher than normal students (p<0.001). Also, the working memory of UC Mes girls was higher than its boys and the processing speed of UC Mes boys was higher than its girls (p < 0.001). Conclusion UC Mes can be used as an intervention method to improve working memory and processing speed of children.

One of the main psychological processes associated with post-traumatic stress disorder is historical memory, and its main symptom is unwanted reminders of the accident. Among the therapeutic methods in improving these disorders are meditation and mindfulness exercises that lead to increasing the ability of self-awareness and self-acceptance in patients. The present study was conducted with the aim of the role of mindfulness therapy in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory in Kermanshah housewives who suffered stress after the earthquake.

The research method was quasi-experimental and using two experimental and control groups, with a pre-test-post-test design. Sampling method was available voluntarily with a sample size of 30 people and they were divided into two experimental and control groups by a simple random method. Data collection tools included Williams and Broadbent's (1986) Revised Event Impact Scale and an interview and autobiographical memory test. The experimental group was trained in mindfulness therapy in eight sessions.

The findings showed that mindfulness therapy had a positive and significant effect in improving post-traumatic stress disorder and its subscales, as well as in improving historical memory.

The general results of the research showed that mindfulness therapy is a suitable method for improving post-traumatic stress disorder and historical memory of earthquake-affected women.