نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 75، زمستان 1401)

The purpose of this research was to compare the role of mass and social media in cultural changes with an emphasis on belonging to the national identity of teenagers. The research method was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the research consists of all adolescents (13-17 years old) of Ardabil city, numbering 50,000, of which 380 people were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling. To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire for the media and a standard questionnaire by Selgi et al. (2014) were used for the feeling of belonging to the national identity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to estimate the form and content validity of the questionnaires from the experts' and professors' point of view, and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to estimate the reliability of the questionnaires, which was higher than 0.7 for the questionnaires. Data were analyzed through t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS software. The results showed that mass and social media play a different role in the feeling of belonging to the national identity and its dimensions (social, historical, cultural and political) among teenagers (P<0.01). So that the feeling of belonging to the national identity and its dimensions among the teenagers whose media consumption is of a social type is less than the teenagers who are of a collective type. 5.7% of cultural belonging, 7.7% of historical belonging, 9.7% of political belonging and 14.7% of social belonging of teenagers are explained through the difference in the effect of the type of media (collective and social). Therefore, it is concluded that the type of media plays an important role in the cultural changes of teenagers in general and the feeling of belonging to the national identity in particular.

Today, crime statistics show the increase and complexity of all kinds of crimes in the world. Although one of the most common methods of providing social security is the use of coercive factors: but experience has proven that despite the rapid availability of security of this type, its stability and durability are few and insignificant. The stability and sustainability of security can only be achieved through its institutionalization in a society, a sense of participation and public responsibility for social security. The purpose of the current research is to "investigate the role of police-society media interaction in achieving security and participatory order in the metropolis of Tabriz". The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The statistical population is the citizens of Tabriz over 15 years old, which is a total of 1.593.373 people. The sample size was 720 people based on Cochran's formula and the selection was done by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The quantitative research method is a survey type and at the causal level. The tool for collecting information is a questionnaire made by the researcher; Its validity was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha through face validity and reliability experts. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling test with covariance approach was used using AMOS software. The results show that the direct effect of the police-society media interaction variable on cooperative security and order (P < 0.05, Z = 6.878, Z=0.42) is positive and significant.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating and studying the factors related to student satisfaction in interactions with the staff of nazlo urmia university. The research method is descriptive-survey and structural equations type. The statistical population includes all graduate students of nazlo urmia university in the academic year 1401-1402. 259 students will be selected as a sample by random cluster sampling using morgan's table. In this research, according to the background of the subject, the questionnaire of students' satisfaction with the interaction with the staff was used to investigate the satisfaction status of postgraduate students from the interaction with the university staff. The questionnaire of students' satisfaction with interaction with employees is a researcher-made questionnaire designed to measure students' satisfaction with interaction with employees. This questionnaire has 35 questions and based on the likert scale with questions such as (when i go to the librarian, he welcomes my arrival with a smile and body language). Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the average level of students' satisfaction with university staff interactions was 2.83 with a standard deviation of 0.68, which is smaller than the statistical average (3) and this difference is significant at the 0.01 level; because (p<0.01), so with 99% confidence, it can be said that the level of students' satisfaction with university staff interactions was lower than average (3). Based on the results of the research, it was determined that the factors of appearance, the ability to understand students' needs, strength, continuous presence at the workplace, facilitation of students' affairs, good manners and good manners, expertise, experience, ability in administrative affairs, organizational effectiveness, organizational commitment and organizational efficiency they have a positive and significant relationship with students' satisfaction from interactions with staff.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between academic optimism and professional growth of elementary school teachers in Chaharborj city. This research was applied research and was done with a descriptive method. The research community included all primary school teachers of Chaharborj city, numbering 284 people (110 women and 174 men). The sample was randomly stratified using Cochran's formula in the number of 163 people (64 women and 99 men). The data collection method was library and field. In order to collect information, in the first part, the academic optimism questionnaire made by Schenen Moran et al. (2013) and has 37 items was used to measure the academic optimism of teachers. In the second part, the 18-question standard questionnaire of teachers' professional development was used. Its validity and reliability (using Cronbach's alpha 76-80%) was confirmed by its designer. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the average and draw tables. To test the hypotheses, parametric inferential statistics (due to the normality of data distribution) and Pearson's correlation coefficient were usedAfter testing the hypotheses and analyzing the findings, the results showed that there is a relationship between academic emphasis, students' trust in their teachers, teacher efficiency and the professional development of elementary school teachers in Chaharborj city.

In the present research, the investigation of the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran and the presentation of the applied model and the determined topics and axes have been examined by proposing the challenges related to each one. According to this goal, the main question of the present research is, what are the social factors affecting the nature of gender inequalities in professional sports in Iran? A qualitative research method with an exploratory design was used for its implementation. Because the number of participants is limited, the statistical sample size was selected using the purposeful snowball sampling method (theoretical saturation). In the qualitative part of the research, the grounded theory technique was based on the Strauss and Corbin model, and interviews were conducted with 18 people, and a semi-structured interview was used to collect data. The results showed that from the point of view of professional sports, it is defined based on a male and patriarchal point of view, and the type of game of winning and losing in sports fields is derived from the discriminatory demands of gender, which considers more power and championships, winning and losing, athletes and coaches applying for higher positions and increasing sports identity and strengthening it. They should strengthen the views related to gender identity and its attributes in male and female athletes.

Distance education or non-attendance education, as a new paradigm in modern education, is a set of educational activities that take place using electronic media and educational technologies in educational institutions and is considered as one of the key learning environments in the information age. Distance education is one of the most important achievements of the information technology era, which has caused a great progress in educational systems. In order to increase their success in education, educational centers have no choice but to adopt a flexible approach with the external environment, i.e. distance education or non-attendance education that is provided in virtual and electronic forms. The purpose of this research is to study the strengths and weaknesses of (SW) non-attendance trainings, to School managers and educational institutions should be helped in adopting appropriate strategies in order to improve education and improve educational performance. The purpose of the current research is to help schools and educational institutions managers adopt appropriate strategies to renovate education and improve educational performance by identifying the socio-economic strengths and weaknesses (SW) of distant education. In order to do so, applying a purposive sampling, the data of 15 individuals including management development assistants, teachers, academic assessment experts and members of parents' and trainer’s associations of the 3rd district of Tehran were collected and analyzed through semi-structured interviews. Applying a grounded theory, studying the strengths and weaknesses of distant education was developed. Findings of this qualitative research show that the correct application of distant education can improve the status and credibility of schools at the Education Association of Tehran, increase intra-school interactions, and increase the satisfaction of parents, students, and teaching staff.

Marginalization in the world, especially in the developing regions, has an inseparable connection with modern urbanization and in its process, it has led to the formation of various social gaps. The aim of this research is to investigate marginalization from the perspective of the gap between tradition and modernity in the vicinity of Tehran metropolis, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way and with two methods of library and secondary study through big data. The basis of the big data was survey studies in two marginal areas of southeast Tehran (Khatunabad and Hesar Amir), which were taken into account by interpreting the general lifestyle common in the region, the manifestations of the intersection of tradition and modernity. Based on the findings of the research, the fields of marginalization in Tehran were provided by the dismantling of the Naseri fences in the first Pahlavi period, and with the growth of modern urbanization, industrial technologies, etc., in the following decades, a flood of immigrants poured into the vicinity of this city. With the perceptual-cognitive changes among the new residents, a new arrangement of gaps centered on tradition and modernity was formed in the metropolis of Tehran.

Today's societies with a huge change in technology, have undergone endless changes in people's lives. Many lives have been affected by the influence of these networks and the political dimension in societies and citizens' political awareness is different. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank influencers. Social networks and the study of cultural exchanges due to the influence of Telegram and Instagram social networks on the level of students' political awareness. Students' political analysis and comparison of their influence on political awareness The survey method has been used. Findings from qualitative analysis of the research show 5 dimensions of interactivity, structural characteristics, practical characteristics, audience and policy in the field of cultural exchange management Influenced by social networks are effective. No significant difference has been reported between the two Telegram and Instagram networks in political awareness. The popularity of Telegram and Instagram in Iran is undeniable and there is no competition with domestic applications. Learning these two tools with its trans-temporal and trans-spatial characteristics has a great role in the political awareness of people, especially students who know how to use these tools.