نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد مقاومتی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1396)

Human behaviors are shaped by the inner desires and attractions and religious teachings are one the most important of them in which results in human insight formation and finally his or her habitude. A monotheist behaves differently with respect to his or her provision of life and livelihood due to his or her worldview. Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati is an idea derived from religious teachings for the provision of livelihood and preserving the economy against damages so that the economic behaviors of a monotheist human being can lay the groundwork for the implementation of the principals of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. The current research by profiting from descriptive-analytical method and enumerating the features of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati tends to examine the monotheistic morale of a monotheist human which are related to economy and examines the role of each of them in reinforcement of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, and besides clarifying the relationship between Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati and behaviors of a monotheist within the society, it concludes that reinforcing the social justice, resisting against threatening economic factors, utilizing domestic capacities, alleviating dependency on the oil revenues, scientific movement, economic Jihad, being people-centered, corruption confrontation, securing welfare of the low classes and ultimately advancing the society toward the soundness and healthiness of economy, all are the achievements of the monotheist view of human being in the issue of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati.

The relationship between Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati and Islam’s economic system is one of the very determinant components which determines the main approach in the implementation of Eghtesad-e-Moghvemati. Years after promulgation of the policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati in the literature of Islamic revolution of Iran, different understandings of this relationship among economists and executive incumbents of the economy have led to discordance in the realm of execution which seems it is one of the most important obstacles in the operational advancement of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati.What should be answered in this regard is that what is the relationship of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati with Islam’s economic system in terms of “origin” and “executive ground”? And basically what are the outcomes if the promulgated policies of the Supreme Leader were followed in the framework of a certain economic system?This article, by utilizing the documentary-library method – as one the valid methodologies in humanities- and by focusing on the Leader’s definition in the preface of the promulgated policies about the relationship, examines the existing views in this field critically, and also looks at the conceptual features in His Majesty’s thoughts like Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, economic resistance and Islam’s economic system etc, concludes that the origin of the economic resistance concept, as one of the main features of the economic system of Islam, is Islamic teachings and therefore the best ground for its implementation is the same system.If the policies were not pursued in the groundwork of Islam’s economic system and with approaches that the Supreme Leader has pointed out such as reliance on knowledge and technology, being justice-based, endogeneity, and extraversion, there would be no guarantee in achieving the aforesaid goals. The existing knot in the operational advancement of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati stems from neglecting of this issue.

The current research, utilizing the verses of the Holy Quran and Islamic traditions and through a descriptive-analytical method, tends to illustrate the role and position of contentment as one of the most important moral virtues in the policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati from the point of view of Islamic resources and answers the question that what is the standing of contentment in Islamic traditions and how is it related to Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati? The hypothesis of the research is that this moral virtue upon its desirable results can be regarded as an important indicator in the realization of the objectives of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati. Analyzing the Holy verses and traditions showed that the household, the person, cognition and beliefs are the most important factors in developing and strengthening contentment in the life in which should be realized, will come into good results such as self-containment, happiness, healthy condition of human body and his or her religiosity, virtue and chastity, guidance and salvation. In Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati the most important action is the correction of the consumption pattern of the households. On the other hand, the consumption pattern in Islam is introduced under the name of contentment which has favorable outcomes including God Almighty’s satisfaction, obtaining economic wellbeing, salvation and guidance and healthy condition of body and soul. In addition in the light of economic theory, contentment increases savings and provides sufficient resources to finance investment and boost production and employment in one way, and in the other way by the provision of more resources for the Qardh-al-Hasan contract could cover consumption needs of the low-income classes, and therefore could play an effective role in alleviation of poverty, improvement of income distribution and economic growth and decreasing unemployment rate.

The main goal of this paper would be designing the model to settle the marketing cooperatives of agricultural products in provincial and national level in the country. Then, we introduce the weakness and challenges of goods distribution mechanism in country's economic structure. In addition, the importance and necessity of networking in marketing and distribution system in the structure of distribution and marketing cooperatives in agriculture sector explained, by reviewing the various succeed experience of countries in this field.The research method would be descriptive and analytical approach, which holds down by review of documents, official reports, and literature. findings indicates that redesigning the distribution and marketing cooperatives network will increase the efficiency and decrease the transaction costs, direct access of customers to producers may lead to maximum share of farmers as net producers and finally removing the cheating intermediate dealers from business cycle. The policy-making guidelines of the study would be operating the clause 5, 6 of resistive economy strategic plan as justice share of production factors and national products protection especially in agriculture sector by settling the optimal marketing system and competitive environment of cooperatives to export development of the country. The main concept of the study following the diversifying economic structure of property law to approaching the economy as public economy and development of cooperative sector to 25 percent of GDP based on 5th economic development plan of the country.

mong the factors determining the economic situation in each country is the business environment as such the economic growth and development and consequently improving the healthiness of the economy depend on having a suitable business environment.Using the panel data method, this article seeks to investigate the role of business environment in economic growth as a simple index in the countries included in the Iran’s 1404 Outlook Document, during 2010-2017. The results show that the business environment has a positive and significant relationship with economic growth. In other words, by increasing one unit of the business index, economic growth increases by about 0/105 of the unit. The institutional variables, good governance index and economic liberty have no significant effects on the business index. The macroeconomic variables such as (national) gross fixed capital formation have a positive and significant effect and economic investment has a negative and significant effect on economic growth. Government expenditures and economic misery indices have a negative and significant effect on economic growth. In order to improve the business environment of the countries in question, suggestions are presented such as electronicizing the red tape of the businesses and simpler laws and regulations.

The 21st article of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati obligates educational, cultural and media institutions to understand the concept, clarifying the dimensions and components of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, and translating them to a wide-spread and common national discourse. With regard to that article of the General Policies, the descriptive clarification of the participation trend for a part of the elites and scholars in the conduct of this strategic policy and its how-to, doing scientometrics and observing the scientific-research activities, outlines the roadmap for other interested researchers to determine their research path. The current research uses content analysis and concludes upon 87 (original) scientific articles published between 1391 to first half of the year 1396 (in solar calendar). The content analysis of the articles shows that clarifying the concept of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, instruments of the promotion of the concept (discourse building), explaining the theoretical foundations, examining the consistency of the theoretical foundations with respect to conventional and unconventional economic schools, clarifying the relationship between Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati and Islamic economics, analyzing each of component, priority of the components and presenting the general and partial strategies, description of the Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati requirements, illustrating the factors affecting Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, effectiveness of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati on other economic variables, methodology of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati, establishing instrument and instrumentology for implementing the strategies, experiment recording, historical behaviorology, identification and introduction the roles of organizations in the macro-and-micro levels, index comprehension and indexing, programming and roadmap, all are the general subjects in which the conducted scientific activities and the published articles resulted from them have attended to. The most density relates to prioritization of the component and introduction of organizations’ roles in macro-and-micro levels for the implementation of the General Policies of Eghtesad-e-Moghavemati.