نشریه مطالعات دفاع مقدس
سال نهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1402)

With manifold political, economic, and security interests in the Persian Gulf region, the United States has constantly practiced an interventionist approach pertaining to the relations between the countries in the region. This approach has turned into action through a wide spectrum of tools such as security treaties, financial aids, arms sales, economic pressure, military involvement, and so forth. Considering the increasing significance of the changing role of the US in regional developments, the present paper employs a qualitative approach to provide an in-depth understanding of the US role in the initiation, continuation, and cessation of the Iraqi Ba’ath regime war (1980–88) against the Islamic Republic of Iran. After conducting a concise and analytical overview on different courses of action taken by the US during war years, the paper puts forth the argument that the US behavior has followed a pendular pattern, creating a regional belt to support Ba’ath regime in Iraq on the one hand, and contain the military and ideological power of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the other. Acting upon an interest-oriented grand strategy, the US unique behavior during the war has been set to ultimately meet the manifold interests of the country in the Persian Gulf region.

One of the important dimensions of propaganda that the Iraqi regime focused on was comprehensive propaganda against Iran's captivity; Especially when the aggressor Iraqi soldiers were defeated in the war with Iran or the Iranian soldiers inflicted fatal blows on them, as well as when the news about Iraqi soldiers taking refuge in the war and Iraqi prisoners in Iran was published, the propaganda activities of the Iraqi regime against the captivity of Iran is increasing. Iran's response to the deceptive propaganda of the Iraqi regime was the formation of the "comiteie tavlighat va ravabete omumi" as a sub-category of the "Iraqi Prisoners Administration Commission", whose purpose was to counter the enemy's propaganda about Iran's captivity and reflect the humanitarian behavior of Iranians towards Iraqi prisoners. In the upcoming research, we are trying to analyze the performance of this committee in the face of Iraq's extensive propaganda against Iran's captivity, while investigating the necessity of forming a "comiteie tavlighat va ravabete omumi" during the Holy Defense period, using a descriptive and analytical method and based on archival documents. .The findings of this research show that Iran formed a "comiteie tavlighat va ravabete omumi" to counter Iraq's propaganda, whose main task was to reflect the real behavior of Iran's captivity. In this regard, this committee reflected to the world the condition of Iraqi prisoners in terms of health, education and work by holding handicraft exhibitions, as well as by inviting domestic and foreign journalists to the camps

In the path of establishing itself, the Islamic Revolution faced many challenges from the beginning of its days, one of the most important of which is the eight years of holy defense. The invasion of Iraq's Baathist regime into Islamic Iran was carried out with the support of major world powers. On the other hand, the fighters of Islam, with their courage and initiative, were able to overcome this difficult time with pride. The bravery, sincerity and initiative of the warriors of Islam was able to strengthen the Islamic revolution and open the way for the issues before it. Therefore, eight years of holy defense has had a positive effect on the Islamic revolution, and knowing the components and indicators of this effect can help us in understanding the pattern of holy defense in solving the new problems facing the Islamic revolution. therefore; Knowing the components and indicators resulting from the eight years of holy defense is a necessary matter and the central issue of this research. This article collects information and data in a library form and examines it in a descriptive-analytical form. Of course, he leaves the resulting pattern of components and indicators to future research.

During Saddam's eight-year war, Saddam's Ba'athist regime repeatedly directly or indirectly attacked, wounded, and killed civilians, including children, women, the elderly, and other non-war human rights groups. It is important to compare these measures with the rules of jurisprudence Saddam and the Ba'athist regime to gain the support of other Islamic and Arab countries in the war against Iran and confront the United States and Israel He pretended to adhere to the rules of Islam The purpose of this article is to show the extent to which Saddam's Ba'athist regime adheres to the jurisprudential rules of war. The research method will be such as examining the Qur'anic and narrative evidences and documents Gains theoretical foundations for the prohibition of attacks on civilians and the rules governing the treatment of civilians in war And then she will provide examples of violations of these rules by the Ba'athist regime in the imposed war Theoretical foundations of the prohibition of assault on civilians in this article based on common evidence and documentsAmong the religions of Islam And is examined without entering into the individualities and differences of religions To be usable from the perspective of jurisprudence of all Islamic religions The result of this article will show Not only does the Ba'athist regime not adhere to Islamic rules banning the fight against civilians, But in many cases with the aim of emptying Iran of the Iranian race and replacing the Iraqi race Deliberately trying to kill more civilians in the imposed war

Sacred defense is an important and decisive part of the contemporary history of the country, and in order to make the best use of its achievements, we need a thorough, scientific and accurate research on sacred defense. In this regard, the present research sought to identify and rank the research solutions in the field of sacred defense in order to deal with the research harms of this field and present it to the trustee organizations for policy making in this field. This article was based on the purpose of applied research, based on the research approach, combined (qualitative-quantitative) and based on the descriptive-analytical research method. Data collection was done by the method of library and field studies (interview and questionnaire). The statistical population in the qualitative section was holy defense experts who were selected purposefully and judiciously. The interview continued until the 15th person and stopped with the theoretical saturation of the data and repetition of the previous cases. The statistical population in the quantitative section included 20 experts in this field who rated the solutions. The findings of the research showed that there are 20 effective research solutions to deal with research damage in the field of sacred defense. These solutions were analyzed through Friedman's test and average ranking.

With the victory and establishment of the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the world's arrogant powers led by the United States, which saw its evil interests in the world as lost, from the very beginning of the victory of the revolution, all its agents and tricks such as creating division, sanctions, threats They used incitement of ethnic groups, division of the country, etc... to defeat this revolution. In the meantime, the aim of the current research is to explore the defense-security thoughts of the Imams of the Revolution, considering the threats that the Islamic Republic of Iran is facing, so that based on these thoughts, the defense-security threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be controlled and faded. In terms of nature, this study is considered as a descriptive-analytical research. The basis of the research is based on library sources and statements of Imams of the revolution in the field of defense and security. The findings of the research show that today, the enemies of Islam, especially the enemies of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, have plans to create threats and create threats, which they are trying to do with the levers of economic pressure, military threats, cyber threats, sanctions, and psychological warfare. reduce the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and isolate it geopolitically.

According to the discourse of the Islamic Revolution and the transnational goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Supreme Leader played an effective role in defining the cognitive foundations and structural metaphors emerging from the school of authentic Islam in order to explain the diplomacy of resistance through targeted, stable and constructive communication with the Muslim people of the region. And the Islamic world has. His Holiness in order to promote values and activate the components of intelligent power in the framework of transnational resistance with emphasis on defense doctrine; It has provided the ground for the spiritual export of the Islamic Revolution, the production of soft power, the provision and promotion of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the Islamic awakening among the Islamic Ummah and other oppressed people of the world.Based on that, the language of Islamic resistance diplomacy is identified in international politics, which emphasizes dignity and authority, independence and security, sustainable peace and stability and new regional order with a forward-looking defense strategy. This article is in response to the main question, "What is the role of the Supreme Leader in explaining resistance diplomacy with emphasis on defense doctrine?" using the descriptive-analytical method (documents-library); This assumption was tested that the supreme leader of the revolution, by explaining the defense doctrine and using communication, organizational and institutional methods, played a decisive role in giving life and direction to the model of the Islamic resistance movement at the regional level.

Jihadist management of the movement is an effort that is carried out with divine motivation, combined with tact and planning, with a firm and mujahidan determination towards the comprehensive and all-round development of the country. The present research was written with the descriptive-analytical method and the collection of information using the library-documentary method and also with the main purpose of explaining "Jihadist management of Sardar Hajj Qassem Soleimani in the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran". The main question of the research is: "What effect has the performance of the Jihadi management of General Haj Qassem Soleimani had on the stability and security factor of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" And how, despite the challenges and problems of our country's progress, especially the critical and insecure situation in the Middle East region, Haj Qassem Soleimani was able to successfully overcome these crises with jihadi management and strengthen and stabilize the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results and findings of the research show that jihadi management has had a positive effect on the stability and increase of the national security factor of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the region, and it has its own framework and coordinates.

Military doctrine includes a set of principal and fundamental theories and thoughts based on scientific and experimental reasoning upon which we could analyze the national and international environment considering our own capabilities and national interests, military threat, regional and global developments, relative military power and other security implications. Meanwhile, this paper, which is applied, is conducted upon case-based method, and it mainly seeks to account for martyr Soleimani’s jihadi doctrine against the U.S. military doctrine in the Middle East with a fifty-person population. Following, it gathers data on desk and in the field which revealed that the U.S. military doctrine is beyond military tension and in the recent U.S. version, there is distinction between military threat and act, and the threat has been expanded while military activities have substantially reduced. The UAS has implement 7 types of military doctrine in the Middle East the four ones of which have completely failed and the three others have failed to reach success; in fact, the Soleimani’s jihadi doctrine which was rooted in religion, the IRI’s military doctrine and the jihadi thought of Islamic Revolutionary Imams defeated the American hegemony and power in the region. Martyr Soleimani is the founder of strike-based defensive doctrine and the shoot-at-will deterrence doctrine. “Borderless soldier” strategy means a multinational jihadi force which extends defense on borders. General Soleimani established local networks out of native forces to defend friendly countries with a low cost; admittedly, his measure could be considered a hyper-advanced, smart and strategic military masterpiece.