نشریه مطالعات دفاع مقدس
سال نهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 35، پاییز 1402)

Nowadays, Spatial planning which is actually the result of regulating the relationship between man, space and human activities in space, is knowledge between different discipline which has a multiple nature and is obtained from the overlap of various military, economic, sociological, geographical, etc. In order to create lasting security and comprehensive and continuous defense of each country needs a strategic model of territorial defense planning, it’s proved that a territory needs to recognize the threats posed to that land in the past, and especially in the future. This research has been done using quantitative and qualitative data sets, therefore the research method of this research is mixed with the approach and using a descriptive-analytical method. The realm of application of the research is the time until the results are stable and the research area of this research in terms of application is the territorial space of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The subject area of research is related to the field of defense sciences and geography of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, after reviewing the theoretical literature, documents and opinions of experts and consulting with professors and consultants and compiling a questionnaire and doing accurate work and statistical analysis of the research has been done. The statistical population of the research includes all documents related to the subject of the research and experts and experts.

One of the issues raised against the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in many of the works produced about the war with Iraq is the surprise in front of Iraq's general invasion of Iran in September 1980. Therefore, this article tries to investigate this issue by using some documents in the stagnant archives of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army in 1979-1980.This research, using the method of historical description, finally confirmed that in the considered period of time, the Islamic Republic of Iran Army, by closely monitoring the movements of the Iraqi armed forces and a realistic estimate of Iran's lower military power, following the disruption of the balance of power, at least since June 1979, continuously predicted the possibility of an attack. He predicted the neighboring country and reported it to the strategic levels of the country and even as much as possible, he had designed plans to deal with the occurrence of an attack.

The political culture of any country is formed from the characteristic attitudes of its people towards the major features of the political-social systems that exist within its borders, the nature and essence of the political system, the definition and determination of the powers and rites of government, and the role of individual and collective participation in government. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution and the start of the war imposed by the Iraqi Baath regime, the Islamic Republic of Iran reproduced many indicators of political culture in order to advance its goals. This research seeks to answer the main question, what were the indicators of Iran's political culture in the holy defense. This research has been carried out in a descriptive and analytical way using documentary and library studies. The findings of this research show that the indicators of participation in elections, myth-making, xenophobia, enjoining good and forbidding evil, tolerance and tolerance, supporting the oppressed, seeking martyrdom, issuing revolution, anti-Westernism, waiting for the appearance of Hazrat Qaim (AS), Political mobilization, political parties, security environment, bigotry and imitation, factionalism and organization, and the political agency of the elites have played a significant role in the eight years of holy defense and Iran's passing through this fateful moment in history.

The Baath regime of Iraq planned a lightning attack by making detailed calculations for a one-week occupation of Iran, but it faced the persistence and resistance of the people and the IRI Army , and it caused the formation of a special organizational culture in the IRI Army , which destroyed all the calculations of the enemy. It was the existence of this culture that even after eight years, the enemy could not capture even a single part of Iran's soil.The purpose of this research is Identifying and prioritizing organizational culture of the IRI Army in the defense power, first, identified organizational culture were by studying documents and libraries and research background.Then a questionnaire was developed by Delphi method with a range of 5 Likert options and was distributed in 3 stages among 10 commanders of the Holy Defense era who were familiar with organizational culture issues and organizational culture were identified using SPSS software.Then, in order to prioritize the organizational culture, a hierarchical analysis questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the commanders .The results of the questionnaires were analyzed in Expert Choice software and the Edgarshine's model were prioritized in three dimensions: fundamental assumptions, values and norms, and behavioral patterns and symbols.Finally, according to the research results, applicable solutions were presented based on research results.

The culture of martyrdom and altruism is a valuable foundation of the Islamic religion and one of the cultural capitals of Iranian society. To promote this authentic culture, managers need efficient and effective strategies. The statements of the Supreme Leader were used as a reference for this. This study had a descriptive-analytical nature. The study aims to identify the managerial strategies and actions for promoting the culture of Martyrdom and Altruism and its achievements in society. The study's data were collected by searching for the keywords "altruism" and "martyrdom" in the statements of the Supreme Leader (1367-1401), indexed on the official website of his office. The collected data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings indicate that "improving the spirit of altruism", "showing and modeling the martyrs and altruism", "organizing and publishing the precious works and wills of the martyrs and expressing their lives", "keeping the memory of the martyrs alive", "honoring and appreciating the families of martyrs " and "using the maximum capacity of visual and audio media" as the most important strategies in promoting the culture of martyrdom and altruism. These strategies can be at the forefront of decisions and management plans at the level of the country's organizations, which will ultimately perpetuate the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the society, advance and progress, and excel and preserve the independence of the country, preserve the Islamic revolution, negate domination and It will lead to the preservation of the Islamic life of the society.

The history of Iraq's imposed war against Iran has witnessed numerous resolutions from the Security Council, which did not get the approval of the officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran due to ignoring the rights of the Iranian people, but due to the time conditions and the different provisions of Resolution 598, this resolution was accepted. Achieving the reasons for the acceptance of the resolution by the Imam (RA) and understanding his political strategies at that time is based on knowing the model of foreign policy he intended; Therefore, it is inevitable to explain the principles and foundations of Imam's foreign policy from the point of view of political jurisprudence. The current research, which is written in a documentary-library method and is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative method, has investigated the fixed principles and rules that were the basis of the foreign policy of the Imam (RA) in accepting the resolution; In this regard, it is possible to point out such things as duty orientation and action to the best of one's ability, the expediency of Islam and Muslims, the expansion of the influence of Islam, the negation of foreign interference, prioritizing the most important over the important, consulting and referring to experts, and the need to act on commitments and adhere to international agreements.

The ultimate goal of this research is to create a foundation theory and explore the function of science and technology in the destruction and explosions of the era of holy defense. The importance of dealing with the issue of science and technology in the sacred defense is to discover and exploit the valuable lessons and experiences of the sacred defense, which have been referred to as "unmined treasure" and the necessity of preventing neglect in the way of preserving this rich and valuable culture. Who said that "one thousandth of it has not been researched and scrutinized". For this purpose, while conducting a semi-structured interview with 10 saboteurs of the holy defense era who had educational and operational experience, in the first step, a set of topics were counted during the open coding process and categories were extracted from them; In the next step, along with the central coding, the link between these categories under the headings of causal conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, background, intervening conditions and consequences was determined in the form of a coding paradigm; In the third step and in the stage of selective coding, the components of the coding paradigm were explained, story line was drawn, and theory was created.