نشریه پژوهش های بین رشته ای ادبی
پیاپی 9 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

AbstractThe idea of "evolution based on natural selection" was introduced by Charles Darwin in the second half of the nineteenth century, it did not remain only in the field of biology and had a profound effect on the understanding of humanities and social scientists of the subjects they studied. Psychology and literary criticism were among the teachings that were influenced by this theory in terms of insight and method, and founded literary Darwinism. Literary Darwinism claims that literary behaviors are rooted in mankind evolved nature. Of course, sometimes the term "evolutionary critique" has replaced "literary Darwinism" and been used instead.In this article, we have tried to present a report on the influence of literature and literary criticism on the theory of evolution and show that evolutionary literary criticism seeks to identify basic and common human needs such as: sexual attractiveness, childbearing, social status and Like them. Therefore, based on evolutionary psychology and biology, while presenting a new reading of literary texts, to explore the human characters represented in literature. After introducing this approach to the literary text, using a descriptive-analytical method, one of the most popular contemporary Iranian novels (Bamdad Khomar) written by Fataneh Haj Seyed Javadi has been Evolutionary Criticism examined. We have come to the conclusion that literary evolutionary critique, Has the capacity to represent the biological content of fiction texts, it depicts human nature well through the analysis of these types of texts.

The present study aims to criticize "the dictionary of medical and pharmacological terms in Persian literature" written by Mehdi Mohaghegh and Hamideh Hejazi in 2015, with a descriptive-analytical approach. To this end, all graphical and structural aspects of the book were investigated in terms of the principles of scientific writing. On top of that, the book's content was analyzed in terms of its contribution to the literature. The lack of explicit and sufficient terms in the mentioned book was the primary motivation of the present book, though the book's writers had provided enough information regarding the determination and explanation of medical and pharmacological terms in Persian literature. In this vein, the present study, without any biases and fairness, aims to provide a critical review of the mentioned book and explore the methodological foundations by analyzing the book's graphical and structural aspects.

Adolescence is one of the most period in life. The issue of identity formation and related concerns is one of the other issues related to this period that any disorder in its process can have negative effects. In particular, the judgments of others play an important role in shaping the identity structure. Meanwhile, the presence of physical, personality or behavioral defects and defects in adolescents. can affect the judgment of others on the one hand and the adolescent's attitude to self-identity on the other. Irving Goffman, has studied various types of defects affecting the personality and social relations of individuals through his theory of social action. According to this sociologist, individuals' identities can be damaged in three ways: physical disabilities, personality disorders, and ethnic differences. In this condition, either the burn is visible to others or there is no sign of a defect in appearance. the main concern is to hide the stigma. A situation that creates fear and anxiety. Nasser Yousefi's novel "The Taste of Yellow Apple" is one of the most successful teen novels in which the author deals with the effect of the stigma of personality and ethnicity on the psyche of the characters. The present study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate the effect of stigma on the main characters of this novel, namely "Sina" and "Nesar", the former suffering from personality defects and the latter due to his Afghan nationality. An issue that has led to serious crises and their isolation.

The present study, with an interdisciplinary view of literature and cognitive sciences, is dedicated to the study of the metaphorical conceptualization of the emotions of love and sadness in the Persian poems by Mulla Mohammad Fozuli Baghdadi. The issue of this research is what metaphors do Fozuli's Persian poems contain in the field of conceptualizing the said feelings? By examining the number of 5814 poems from Fozuli's Farsi poems it was found that 122 of metaphorical expressions of sadness and 107 of metaphorical expressions in the field of love were included. The conceptual metaphors of emotions in the poems are a reflection of the mentality and type of thinking of its creator, as well as the socio-cultural context of its metaphors. The findings of this research indicate that the emotions of love and sadness in Baghdadi's poems have similarities and differences with the realms of the metaphorical source of Kovecess (2000). The similarity of the metaphorical realms in the metaphorical conceptualization of emotions is a proof of the universal hypothesis of conceptual metaphors. The differences in the metaphorical origin realms in terms of Kovecess and Fozouli are also caused by the cultural beliefs of the specific social and cultural group of Baghdadi.

In cognitive linguistics, the meaning of linguistic units is determined by the context of use and meaning interpretation is a dynamic process referred to as conceptualization. The conceptualizers are actively involved in this process through developing some on-line mental representations called mental spaces (Fauconnier,1997). Thus these mental spaces and blended spaces derived from them contribute to making sense of complex ideas people perceive through language. Focusing on conceptualizers as the major sources of meaning, cognitive linguistics has proved to be a practical and efficient framework to analyze literary texts. The aim of the present article is to show how the people interpret literary narratives through generating mental spaces. The study tries to give a descriptive-analytic account of two narratives namely the restatement of one part of Kave-e-Ahangar story in Shahnameh and a fable in resale-e-delgosha, two works representing tragic and comic narration respectively. This research used space builders as clues to specify the micro and macro level mental spaces of two narratives. The analysis also revealed that two main conceptual blends would merge in a narrative: emotive and non-emotive that one of them might be dominant in a specific literary genre.