نشریه پژوهش نامه حقوق بشری
پیاپی 28 (تابستان 1401)

A correct understanding and definition of “human beings” is important for a correct understanding of individual rights. Anthropology is important because it pays attention to the truth, way of life, destiny, and position of human beings. Unless human rights and their attributes are examined from the perspective of intellectual schools, human rights from the perspective of schools such as Islam will remain blurred. Therefore, it is important in this article to explain the concept of rights in terms of Islamic thought, human beings, and the origin of human rights from a Western and Islamic point of view. From the Western perspective, the basis of rights begins with human subjectivity. However, from the point of view of Islamic thought, the issue still focuses on the world beyond the natural world. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to explain the rights and the individual in human rights, to understand human rights from the perspective of Islamic thought, to understand their differences from Western human rights, and to reflect the Islamic view of human beings.

Among the basic themes that have been highlighted in human societies across different religious and ethnic groups until now is the issue of “women’s rights and character”. The status and character of women in each society’s culture reflects the importance and dignity of women in that society. With the advent of Islam, the dignity of women as human beings was restored, and women were elevated to half-humanity alongside men. The humanist school of Islam, whose laws have originated from revelation, has given women great dignity by considering all the rights and characteristics of women as well as taking a comprehensive attitude; But unfortunately, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights paid less attention to the spiritual aspects of human beings, especially women, and more to material aspects instead. this study intends to use a mixed method, with the help of library tools and questionnaires, to answer this key question: “What are the theoretical and fundamental differences between the rights of women from an Islamic human rights perspective and the Declaration of Human Rights?” The results of this study, conducted in Tehran in 1401 on women with a sample size of 384, show that Islamic human rights, with the help of Quranic verses and Islam, include all material and spiritual aspects of women’s dignity and has made religious thought the basis of its theory - contrary to Western human rights, which base their thinking on a secular basis for women’s rights. Analysis of the questionnaire confirms the claim that supporting women’s rights from the perspective of Islamic human rights has had a direct impact on the status of women in Islamic countries, especially the Islamic Republic of Iran

One of the biggest and most fundamental challenges in the world today is the issue of human rights because these are the most basic rights that every person possesses as a human being. In the terms of the Islamic Declaration of Human Rights, it is emphasized that life is a sacred gift and a guaranteed right for every human being. All individuals, communities, and governments are obligated to uphold this right and oppose any infringement. It is forbidden to kill anyone without Sharia’s permission, nor to use a tool that leads to the total or partial destruction of the origin of mankind, and it is forbidden. Based on the terms of the Islamic Declaration of Human Rights, the preservation of the territorial integrity of states and concern for human rights have always been emphasized. Yemen is now regarded as one of the most important countries in the region, and its development is of interest to regional and international powers, which groups may seek political power in Yemen, in the short term or even long term, will have a major impact on the regional and global equations. This study uses a descriptive-analytical method to explore and diagnose Saudi Arabia’s military intervention in Yemen based on Islamic human rights parameters.On 26 March 2015, Saudi Arabia launched a military airstrike intervention in Yemen known as Operation Decisive Storm. The study concludes that according to Islamic human rights and international law, Saudi Arabia’s military attack on Yemen is illegitimate and lacks legal and lawful mechanisms, and Islamic human rights have embraced the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of countries.

About five centuries have passed since the emergence of the theory of the «state», and there is still no unified political thought on this controversial concept. The state, as the vehicle to exercise power in political society, is an extremely evolving and renewable concept that has taken various forms, from the secular examples of the West to the legitimate forms in the minds of Muslim scholars, over the years and within epistemological frameworks. Moreover, without shadow of a doubt, Imam Khomeini›s theory of «Walayat Faqih» is a dominant discourse underpinning state formation in the era of the Islamic Republic. However, although the idea of an «Islamic Republic» in the form of religious authority theory has existed for decades, there are still ambiguities and challenges to it. This study, within the framework of an analysis of the theoretical bases of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Iranian Constitution, seeks to answer the question of how this political system could consolidate the right of self-determination with Islamism. By considering the political structure of the republic and public opinion in terms of the formation and continuation of the political system, the author believes that the Iranian Constitution retains the right to determine its fate by preserving the essence of Islam. In other words, the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is a realization of the Muslim people›s willingness to put Islamic values, ideals, and rules at the forefront of government and can be interpreted as a religion-oriented democracy.