فصلنامه برنامه ریزی فضایی (جغرافیا)
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 48، بهار 1402)

To find the geotourism potential of a region or to measure the tourist potential of geoparks, researchers in Iran and the world have always sought to evaluate the geosites and geomorphosites of regions. The purpose of this study is to compare the models of Brilha, Comanescu, and Fassoulas, with Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s native model. It examines the strengths and weaknesses of each of the international models with the Iranian model. The study area with an area of 4257 square kilometers is located in the west of Khorasan Razavi, which can include parts of Sabzevar and Davarzan cities. This research has dealt with the subject with an analytical-comparative method. The data were collected using documentary and field methods and analyzed using GIS, SPSS, and Excel graphic and statistical software. The results of the research show that geomorphosites that are water erosion subsets have the highest scores in all models, and in contrast, wind erosion geomorphosites have the lowest scores. From the comparison of the models, it can be concluded that Shayan Yeganeh et al.’s model is the most consistent with Brilha’s model. The Brillha model can be used to evaluate the ophiolite and desert regions. The native model of Shayan Yeganeh is designed for the dry and semi-arid deserts and mountainous regions, and it seems that it is necessary to give a few changes and modifications for coastal and glacial areas. Regarding the innovation of the study, it investigates the latest Iranian model for evaluating geomorphosites and geosites and examines its strengths and weaknesses.

The surface of the earth or the top of the earth at the level of cities and urban areas becomes significantly higher than the surrounding environment, which is known as the thermal component. If this phenomenon is higher than a certain limit, it will cause problems for the city residents. But one of the most important factors that can play a very important role in controlling this phenomenon is the presence of vegetation, which is mainly a significant part of this coverage in urban areas. In this study, the effect of vegetation cover on the amount of urban heat island in Isfahan City was investigated. For this purpose, the surface temperature of the city and its relationship with the surface cover were investigated using the land surface temperature (LST) products of the MODIS sensor in places with heat islands by applying the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of Landsat satellite data during the period of 2001-2020. Examining the annual changes in temperature in Isfahan shows that during this period, the temperature is generally increasing, so 2011 with an average annual temperature of 37.21 degrees Celsius is the hottest year and 2012 is the coldest year with an average annual temperature of 33.7 degrees Celsius. The most apparent thermal islands were observed in areas with industrial use, high-traffic places with severe air pollution and population density, and places with weak vegetation, areas with dense and worn-out textures.

Attention to the historical context of cities, which is a strong thread connecting any society with the past and reviving the identity of the cities, has been continuously increased and the protection of this valuable heritage has been the focus of the leaders of the communities. The purpose of this study is to identify the components’ capabilities that damage the historical fabric of Shooshtar and determine the degree of severity of each factor. The method of analysis is exploratory and descriptive-analytical. The required data were gathered through documentary sources and a survey. The sample was 11 experts who were selected among the experienced managers of the municipality of Shooshtar and the Administration of Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts, and Tourism. The analysis was done using the Pastakia model, in which changes have been made according to this research. The findings showed the performance of 33 traumatic components in the historical context of Shooshtar, which, in total, revealed the capability and potential of high-level damage. Out of the three investigated dimensions, the components of the physical-environmental dimension have a greater role in damaging the city. Most of the components of this dimension showed the severity of the damage at the ‘very high’ level, while in each of the two social-cultural and institutional dimensions, in addition to a much smaller number of vulnerability components, half of the components showed the severity of damage at a ‘medium’ level and below. Preservation of the historical context, while requiring sufficient funds and benefiting from modern knowledge, techniques, and tools, also requires raising the awareness of citizens and reforming the management system and laws.

Preserving the Natural Environmental Cultural Heritage (NECH) and improving the urban Quality of Life (QOL) are among crucial urban planning issues with critical roles in the sustainability of cities. There are several sources on the QOL in cultural heritage documents, i.e., scientific and operational reports, but the relationship between the QOL and cultural heritage has not been appropriately explicated yet. Zayandehrud River in Isfahan City is a natural environmental cultural heritage. It suffers from ignoring its heritage values and human hazards (drought) while depriving citizens of potential and actual capabilities. So, through urban planning, heritage values help to enhance the urban QOL and affect surrounding areas. The present study described the NECH values of the Zayandehrud River in Isfahan and the components of the QOL of the surrounding residents and emphasized the importance and extent of the relationship between the two basic concepts. This is an applied study based on quantitative and qualitative (Mixed methods) approaches. Data collection is based on documentaries, field studies, surveys, observation tools, and structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using document analysis, along with quantitative analyses such as Friedman's test and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The results showed that the NECH values of the Zayandehrud River have a significant impact on the dimensions of the QOL of the surrounding residents, and applying principles adapted to the natural environment heritage of the cities is coextensive with upgrading the resident’s quality of life.

In relation to the effect of unevenness and precipitation, two issues have occupied the mind of researchers: First, the effect of altitude on increasing rainfall, and second, the effect of unevenness on the creation of deserts. The combination of these two effects has made it impossible to estimate a regression relationship between Zagros altitude and precipitation with a significant coefficient of explanation. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the precipitation situation in the western (rain-facing) and eastern (rain-sheltered) slopes of the Zagros main thrust and to create wind-sheltered (rain-sheltered) areas. To investigate the effect of the Zagros Mountain Range in the creation of sheltered areas, the function and relationship of the factors of altitude and precipitation were investigated as effective parameters in the creation of different slopes of this mountain range. Maps of both precipitation and altitude were extracted for the Zagros Mountain Range. According to the results obtained from examining the relationship between the maps of precipitation and altitude, it can be said that the increase in precipitation in the windward slopes has significant coordination with the increase in altitude, but the increase in precipitation does not continue until the main thrust of Zagros. In most of the regions, the maximum rainfall occurred before the maximum height of Zagros (corresponding to the main Zagros Thrust). When passing through the Zagros thrust despite the significant height of the region, the amount of precipitation has significantly decreased. In the northern parts of Zagros, the biggest change of precipitation has happened in the wind shelter part, in the vicinity of the highest peak. Considering the high altitude in the sub-basins to the east of the Zagros Thrust, as well as their lower slope compared to the basins located in the west, they receive less rainfall due to their sheltered position. But since they have more receiving surface and because of the high altitude, they receive most of the precipitation in solid form. More penetration of water into the ground is possible during the stages of snow melting. In addition, this phenomenon has considerable ecological effects.

Statement of the Problem: 

Different people and strata in human societies need a shelter called housing. The design process of this type of space is done in different ways, and the possibility of using the user's opinions during this process has always been desired by the design community because users are considered influential members in this matter. In recent years, the participatory approach has played an important role as an appropriate response to this process. However, the special contemporary conditions, according to the way of house selection and the view of the designers, have made their involvement in the category of participation very diverse.

 This study seeks to explain and measure the level and quality of user participation in the design process. Therefore, the study investigates, firstly, in what topics and secondly, to what extent the user can enter into this process.

 The present study uses the grounded theory approach to achieve its goals.

 The results show the extent and manner of the user's participation in the different stages of the design process during a three-stage and back-and-forth activity, where the user's contribution is more important at the ‘level of influence through the declaration of needs’ and the architect's contribution is at the ‘level of participation through applying specialized considerations’.

Innovation: 

The innovation of the research is in obtaining the model and its components using grounded theory and presenting a three-stage model of user participation in the design process.