نشریه مدیریت دولتی تطبیقی
سال یکم شماره 1 (بهار 1402)

In recent decades, Iran's economic planners have failed in designing and implementing the country's industrial development strategy in order to achieve the goals of the 20-year vision in terms of industrial development. One of the special requirements in order to determine effective macro strategy and policies in industrial development programs is to study countries and take advantage of their experiences in advancing economic development programs. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparative comparison of performance and macro plans of three selected countries China, South Korea and Turkey as countries with favorable models in industrial development management with Iran.

A comparative approach using global indicators of industrial development including; Human development, ease of doing business, competitiveness, innovation and governance index were done. This research was a review study with a descriptive-analytical approach and using a comparative method (Quantitative variable) information gathering tools by referring to documents, researches and international valid databases.

The comparative findings showed that, except for the human development index, the trend of changes in the indices of competitiveness, ease of doing business, innovation and the governance index of Iran has been fluctuating and decreasing, contrary to the relatively upward trend of the studied countries. For this reason, it can be concluded that Iran has not had the expected success in the process of economic development.

Successful countries have been able to achieve great success by adopting an empirical, pragmatic approach in the implementation of economic reforms. Since Iran, as a developing country, is going through an economic transition period, it is very necessary to study and benefit from the experiences of successful countries

Moving in the direction of developing the country's position in economic, scientific and technological fields requires managing the implementation of ICT in a correct and planned way. The aim of this research is to provide a model of structural factors effective on the implementation of policies in the field of information and communication technology in Iran with the help of the fuzzy Delphi technique and based on Giddens constructive theory. This research is of a survey type and based on the purpose, it is of an applied type because it is trying to use the results of the research in the collection of the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and the Iran Telecommunications Company. Data collection has been done based on library and field methods and experts' opinions. The research data collection tool is the formation of an expert panel to identify the key variables extracted from the law of 6th development plan, research literature and Delphi questionnaire. In this research, the members of the Delphi panel finally recognized 14 factors as the main factors, and the indicators are presented in the form of a conceptual and analytical model. Based on the findings, the factors affecting the implementation in the main dimension of the structure can be investigated in five sub-dimensions (environment, policy, organization size, culture, technology) and fourteen structural variables.

In recent years with revolutionary spread of Information and Communications Technology has become particularly important. This subject has been paid attention by the policy-makers in Iran. However, there may be ambiguities regarding public participation in policy making, and in this way, the use of international experience will be very helpful. For this purpose, Switzerland as a country that has long-standing experience in the field of direct participation has been studied.

The research method is a case study, and the following steps were considered in the design of the research: 1) selection of the study, 2) access to the study environment, 3) systematic data collection, 4) data collection management, 5) data analysis and 6) leaving the studied field.

The Swiss study shows that direct participation is a bottom-up process. The most important shortcoming of direct participation is the unequal participation of social classes, and to avoid it, the procedures of direct democracy and the formulation of proposed topics for voting should be simple. Among the mechanisms of direct participation, two mechanisms of popular initiatives and referendum are used. Direct participation is most concentrated in the stage of public policy formulation. Direct participation is used in all three levels, national, cantonal and local, and on all subjects. What makes direct participation meaningful are the tools of democracy. And finally, the participatory mechanism used and the policy stage determine the balance between elite views and public views, However, the role of the political elite is very important.

The political culture of direct participation is a collective learning process that requires time to develop and also possibilities to correct errors. Also, the design of its mechanisms should be designed considering the national culture and the type of government of the countries.

This research has investigated the mediating role of social competence in the impact of social capital on the resilience of employees of Rasht's educational institutions.

Methodology:

 The current research method is an analytical survey, it was measured using parametric and non-parametric tests (using SPSS22 and PLS software). The statistical population of the current research is the education staff of Rasht city with 426 employees who are working in the posts of the general administration and districts (districts 1 and 2); has formed 230 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of this office with proportional stratified sampling method and 220 questionnaires were collected completely; The d ata collection tool in this research is a questionnaire that is scored through the Likert scale and its reliability was measured through Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics using SMART PLS and SPSS software.

Findings: 

The results of the research showed that the social capital variable has the highest coefficient of total effect on resilience through the social competence variable and the social competence variable has a mediating role in this effect.

Conclusion:

 Also, the results of the research showed that communication capital has the highest coefficient of effect on resilience after the variable of social capital on resilience through social competence.

The aim of the current research is to investigate the mediating role of organizational hypocrisy in the relationship between organizational silence and organizational rumors. The statistical population of this research was all primary school teachers in Farsan city, whose number is 650, according to the size of each region using Cochran's formula 242 The sample size was selected and the sample people were selected using the stratified sampling method according to the size of each stratum. The research tool was the standard organizational hypocrisy questionnaire by Kulichoglu et al. (2019), the standard organizational silence questionnaire by Kahuchi and Demirtash (2013), and the standard organizational rumor questionnaire by Dagli and Han (2018). The constructs were examined and after the necessary terms, the validity was confirmed, and on the other hand, the reliability of the questionnaires was estimated by Cronbach's alpha method as 0.77, 0.88 and 0.90 respectively, and the data analysis was at the inferential level. including structural equation modeling. The results of the analysis conducted in the research showed that organizational silence has a significant positive effect on organizational gossip, the coefficient of which is 0.77. And organizational hypocrisy has a significant positive effect on organizational gossip, which has a coefficient of 0.66, and organizational silence has a significant negative effect on organizational hypocrisy, which has a coefficient of 0.66, and also the effect of organizational silence on organizational spread through organizational hypocrisy is positive. It has an impact factor of 0.88

Sports is among the first three money-making and profitable industries in the world and can be the source of many economic effects. Considering the country's economic problems, this research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing jihadi management indicators with an economic approach in the country's sports. The research method was a descriptive correlation type, and in terms of data collection, it is field and non-experimental in terms of controlling variables. The statistical population of the research included sports management elites(members of the faculty of physical education, sports management of the universities of the Ministry of Science, heads of sports federations, as well as elected managers and expert experts of the Ministry of Sports and Youth in the number of 450 people, who were selected using the stratified random sampling method and total of 152 people were selected as a sample. To collect data, after reading texts and articles as well as interviewing sports management elites, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and used, the content validity of which was confirmed by relevant professors and its reliability was 0.94. was obtained. The findings showed that the main indicators of Jihadist management in sports in the country include spiritual, managerial and cultural components. According to the general results of the research, it is suggested that from the research results and indicators identified in the development of sports based on jihadi management should be used so that the development process of the country's sports can be done more easily.