پژوهشنامه بازرگانی
پیاپی 107 (تابستان 1402)

Measuring the trade performance of countries is one of the important topics in the field of international trade. Regarding the complex and multi-dimensional nature of trade performance, it is necessary to use appropriate criteria for its measurement. However, the literature review indicates that, this topic has received less attention. Previous research, ignoring various dimensions of trade performance, have mainly used one or more limited criteria for its measurement. In addition, there is not enough consistency among different studies in terms of criteria used for trade performance measurement. Also, causal relationships between the criteria and their priority and weights are ignored in previous studies. These issues have made it difficult to achieve a precise, comprehensive measurement of trade performance and also to compare the results of different studies. Thus, the present study, using experts’ opinions and MADM methods, has introduced a reliable framework of appropriate criteria for trade performance measurement, which also considers the causal relationships between the criteria and their priority. Based on the results, fifteen suitable criteria for trade performance measurement are recognized and categorized in three dimensions, namely, general criteria for trade, export-related criteria and import-related criteria. In addition, the most important criteria are introduced as “export value”, “number/type of customers in export market” and “import value”, respectively.

The unbalanced and limited growth of fintechs in Iran, the less cooperation between banks and fintechs and the lack of a comprehensive and scientific look at the way banks and fintechs cooperate led us to conduct this research with the aim of identifying the factors affecting the cooperation of private banking and fintech. In terms of research approach, the mixed method has been used. In the first stage of this research, the meta-combined research method was used. In the second or quantitative stage to examine and validate the identified factors and prepare the final research model, the survey method, is surveying experts through a questionnaire has been used. The first statistical population of the study is all written documents and articles related to Fintech and the banking industry. In this study, 175 related articles were identified, finally 29 articles were identified for the final stage. The second statistical population includes experts in the field of banking industry who have knowledge of fintech and digital development. By applying the Meta-synthesis of Sandlowski and Barroso in the qualitative stage of the research, a conceptual pattern was obtained in six conceptual layers, categories and codes. Theoretical validity of the research was confirmed using the research literature and qualitative validation of the model obtained using the opinions of experts. The conceptual model of research in six dimensions, including: “policy making”, “infrastructure”, “culture building”, “Training”, “Customer Oriented”, “Process Oriented” and “Tools, Facilities and Incentives” were presented, which were approved and agreed upon by the experts.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate how production growth is affected by liquidity growth, exchange rate growth and inflation. Considering that many macro variables affecting economic growth have high frequencies compared to economic growth; Ignoring this problem causes the loss of information and the lack of recognition of the exact relationships between variables. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the monthly effects of Exchange rate growth, Inflation and liquidity growth on Iran’s seasonal economic growth by using MIDAS and MF-VAR with Iran’s economic time series data during the period of 1390-1400. The empirical findings of the research indicate that the growth of all three variables of price, exchange rate and real liquidity initially have a positive effect on economic growth, but then lead to a decrease in economic growth. In this way, the results show that if the real liquidity growth, inflation and exchange rate growth are about 0.12%, 1.93% and 2.02% per month respectively, the economic growth will be strengthene, and if the monthly growth exceeds the mentioned values, it will have a negative effect on the growth of Iran’s GDP.

One of the economic goals of the countries is to increase economic resilience and reduce vulnerability to internal and external shocks. Several factors influence the economic resilience of a country, among them are diversity in exports, reducing dependence on oil, and increasing the share of non-oil exports from the total export. This issue has double importance for Iran's economy, which has always been exposed to foreign impulses such as sanctions and is also considered one of the oil exporting countries. The main question that the current research answers is whether the resilience of Iran's economy will increase by reducing the share of non-oil exports in Iran's export portfolio. In order to answer the main question of the research, while using the methods of  constructing a composite index of resilience, data related to 31 years of Iran's economy (1970 to 2020) were analyzed using regression analysis methods in order to determine the short-term and long term, relationship,  direction and  intensity  between the share of non-oil exports in total exports and economic resilience,  The results show that in the long term, with the increase of each non-oil export unit to the total export, the country's economic resilience will increase by 0.81 units. In other words, the impact of non-oil exports on economic resilience is a relatively large number, and as a result, by reducing the share of oil exports in the countries export portfolio, economic resilience will increase effectively.

In this study, the effects and effective factors on the agricultural research technical knowledge transfer market from the perspective of researchers and buyers of technical knowledge in the years 2015 and 2016 have been discussed using a survey research method. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire, has been estimated at 0.84, which shows appropriate homogeneity. By examining 95 cases of commercialized technical knowledge, the results show, 8.2 job opportunities, 20,150 million Rials added value, 475 million Rials saved in reducing the consumption of inputs, 254 thousand dollars in foreign exchange savings and 938.6 million Rials in attracting capital per Technology is estimated. With one rial spent on agricultural technology research, it has 5.13 rials (including foreign exchange savings) and 2.43 rials (not including) income per year. For 11 years useful life of each technology, 21.6 rials of income is estimated. Tax exemption, bank interest and protective laws are the most important factors affecting the success and high rate of bank facilities, the existence of various guarantees and high cost of production are the factors affecting the failure of the organization’s technical knowledge transfer.

Considering the countless advantages of export activities, export growth as a strategic mechanism in economic development is very important and prominent. In order to stimulate and accelerate export growth, companies need to use effective factors in increasing financial resources and geographical arrangement or spatial configuration suitable for their activities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of dynamic marketing capabilities on financial resources and spatial configuration in companies with export activities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method and nature with a quantitative research approach. The statistical population of the research is composed of all managers and marketing experts of companies located in industrial towns of Lorestan province that had at least two years of export activity. In the present study, a standard questionnaire was used to collect data, and its validity and reliability were confirmed. Demographic data analysis as well as data normal distribution test using SPSS 24 software and data analysis to test research hypotheses through structural equation modeling and partial least squares method using Smart PLS 3 software. The research results showed that dynamic marketing capabilities have a positive and significant effect on financial resources and spatial configuration. Also, the findings indicate that among the dimensions of dynamic marketing capabilities, the dimension of new product development has a greater effect on increasing financial resources, and on the other hand, the dimension of information collection has the greatest effect on the spatial configuration of activities.

This article examines two aspects of the effects of environmental regulations on Iran’s export of environmental goods. First, the effects of environmental regulations on export destinations, and secondly, the effects of Iran’s environmental regulations. The study method is using panel data from 1996 to 2021 in the framework of the gravity model and the generalized least squares (GLS) and Poisson maximum likelihood (PPML) methods. The energy intensity index was introduced as an alternative index for the environmental regulation variable in the model. The results show that the milder environmental regulations of trading partners have a positive effect on the export of Iran’s environmental goods. But Iran’s environmental regulations have not played a role in increasing the export and competitiveness of environmental goods of this country, and Porter’s hypothesis is not true for the export of this category of goods. In this way, the development of Iran’s export of environmental goods is not affected by the implementation of its strict environmental laws and policies. It is suggested that in order to develop the export of environmental goods, it should be placed on the agenda of Iran’s foreign trade affairs trustees in order to develop a road map and use the capacity of environmental cooperation with export destinations with milder environmental regulations.