Journal of Research and Health
Volume:13 Issue: 5, Sep-Oct 2023

COVID-19 was detected in Iran in February 2020, and until September 2020, all the provinces of the country were affected by this disease [1]. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many older adults received a lot of stress and anxiety from the media and society, which caused them to become socially isolated and depressed. On the other hand, creating quarantine and social distancing as a policy adopted by countries caused fear and stress among people, especially older adults. This situation in countries where the dominant culture is meeting and interacting with older adults caused more damage to this group [2, 3].

Childhood trauma encompasses neglect, abuse, abandonment, witnessing abuse, and having mentally ill and/or parent(s) engaged in substance abuse. Survivors of trauma are more likely to report insecure attachment styles. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate the indirect pathways underlying the relationship between childhood trauma and romantic attachment among adults in India.

This study used a correlational research design and a cross-sectional, survey method for data collection. The data were collected through an online survey in Tier 1 cities in India. A total of 397 responses were collected using purposive sampling, from which 104 respondents were selected after data cleaning. The research tools included the childhood trauma questionnaire–short-form, the experience in close relationship scale, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, and trust in close relationships scale. Descriptive and inferential analysis was done using SPSS software, version 25. Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and mediation analysis were done to analyze data.

The results indicated a high level of trauma in the participants, and consequently, insecure romantic attachment styles, and also low levels of trust at a 0.05 significance level. Self-esteem had a significant negative correlation with romantic attachment (r=-0.225, p=0.001), but did not mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and romantic attachment. Trust also had a significant negative correlation with romantic attachment (r=-0.312, p=0.001) and also mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and romantic attachment (β=0.102, p=0.041).

This study provides evidence that childhood trauma affects romantic attachment, self-esteem, and trust. In light of these findings, therapists should adopt an integrated approach that addresses these interconnected variables through trauma-focused, attachment-focused, and evidence-based therapies to help trauma survivors. Since trust was identified as a mediating factor in the relationship between childhood trauma and romantic attachment, it provides a novel insight for therapists to prioritize interventions that focus on building trust.

The prevalence of cognitive disorders among older individuals is considered to be one of the most significant and controversial health problems. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Superbrain yoga exercises on older adults’ cognitive status. 

This is a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted on 60 older adults who were referred to centers of comprehensive health services in Khaf City in 2020. The participants were selected by random allocation and randomly divided into two groups (30 people equally in both groups). The mini-mental status examination was used to assess cognitive status, which was completed at the beginning and end of the intervention. Subjects, after obtaining a score of 21 to 23 from the above questionnaire, were placed in two intervention and control groups. The intervention group performed superbrain yoga exercises three days a week for one month. Data analysis was done by SPSS software, version 20 software using independent t-test, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, chi-square, and Mann-Whitney U tests.

The mean score of the mini-mental status examination in the intervention group was higher than in the control group before the intervention (P=0.009). A comparison of the score of the mini-mental status examination after the intervention showed that the score of the intervention group was higher than the control group (P<0.001). Also, the comparison of the mean score of the groups after the intervention showed that the scores of the intervention group increased compared to before the intervention (P<0.001).

Superbrain yoga exercises have a positive effect on the cognitive status of older adults with mild cognitive impairment; thus, it is recommended to prevent cognitive disorders and improve the cognitive status of these people.

It is important to recognize and use the strengths of children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). This study assessed whether strength-based intervention is effective on subjective well-being and psychological capital in children with ODD. 

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included 30 students with ODD in discreet six, which were selected through multi-stage clustering in Tehran during the academic year 2022. Then, the individuals were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group: n=15). The subjective well-being and Luthans’ psychological capital (PCQ) questionnaires were administered. For the experimental group, a strength-based intervention was administered in eight sessions of 75 minutes per week, while the control group received no treatment. The data were analyzed using MANOVA and SPSS software, version 26. 

The strength-based intervention had positive effects on subjective well-being (F1, 28=23.42, P<0.001) and psychological capital (F1, 28=28.12, P<0.001) in children with ODD. 

This type of approach builds on clients’ strengths, seeing them as resourceful and resilient when they are in adverse conditions. This study encourages new evidence for the efficacy of a strength-based intervention.

Recently, the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging universal challenge in infectious epidemic disease management. Even today, with access to vaccines, the most effective intervention is behavioral intervention, and as new types emerge, it continues to be significant. The goal of the present study was to promote preventive behaviors during the coronavirus pandemic among oil factory workers using the health belief model (HBM). 

A total of 138 onshore shift workers (69 control and 69 case group) were randomly chosen from the two sites of oil fields in southern Iran. Data collection tools were demographic characteristics questionnaire, COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire, HBM questionnaire, and prevention behaviors questionnaire. The Whatsapp application was used to educate the intervention group. Workers completed questionnaires at baseline, after the intervention, and three months after the educational program. Data analyses were done using SPSS software, version 24. 

Except for knowledge and cues to action, there were significant interactions between time and group for HBM constructs and behavior (P≤0.05). Furthermore, there were significant changes in all variables between follow-up and baseline in the intervention group (P≤0.05). The linear regression indicated that the perceived benefit (ß=0.48, P=0.001) and self-efficacy (ß=0.40, P=0.001) were the most effective factors in preventive behavior, respectively. 

The results showed that efficient education based on the HBM and emphasizing enhancing knowledge and preventive behavior adoption can prevent individuals from developing COVID-19 and its complications. Considering that the perceived benefits and self-efficacy were the strongest predictor of behavior, attention to these constructs in educational interventions, especially among oil factory shift workers studied, who are at risk of COVID-19 and without enough knowledge, can provide better outcomes related to COVID-19 preventive behaviors.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a potentially fatal tick-borne viral disease. Hard ticks are both carriers and reservoirs of the CCHF virus. In this regard, the present study was done to investigate the CCHF viral infection in collected ticks from livestock in Gonabad City (Southwest of Razavi Khorasan Province) in Eastern Iran.

This descriptive study was performed in rural areas of Gonabad City in 2018. The forceps sampling method collected hard ticks from livestock (goats, sheep, and cattle). The ticks were identified based on a valid taxonomic key; finally, the CCHF viral infection was evaluated using the RT-PCR technique.

Between April and October 2018, 100 ticks were collected from 13 rural areas of Gonabad. The frequency of ticks collected from goats, sheep, and cows was 6.4%, 3.7%, and 89.9%, respectively. Also, 90% of ticks were Hyalomma (Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (n=9), Hyalomma lusitanicum (n=59), Hyalomma marginatum (n=4), Hyalomma anatolicuman (n=18)) and the remaining 10% were Rhipicephalus sanguine. Overally, CCHF infection was observed in 14% of the ticks (Hy. excavatum, Hy. lusitanicum, and Hy. anatolicumand Rhipicephalus sanguineus).

Hyalomma species is the main vector of the CCHF virus. Due to the high abundance of hard ticks in nature and the livestock environment, special care is required in the villages. Also, due to the presence of more scattered ticks in the northern half of the country, comprehensive studies that cover a wide geographical area and cover a larger sample size are necessary.

Although the scientific literature has extensively discussed the impact of the media on people’s health-related behaviors, there is little evidence of the effect of different sources of COVID-19 vaccine news on changing the intention to adhere to health protocols. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the sources of news on the COVID-19 vaccine and the association of each of these sources with the intention of changing adherence to COVID-19 preventive health measures (ICA-COVID-19-PHM).

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 public population (67.4% female and 32.6% male) of Mazandaran province (age range: 18 to 60 years). The data were collected between January and April 2021 by completing an unidentified online “Google form” questionnaire via social media platforms, such as Telegram, WhatsApp, Soroush, ETA, and Instagram. The two-level linear regression analysis was used to examine the association between the sources of news on the COVID-19 vaccine and the ICA-COVID-19-PHM (social and personal aspects).

The most common sources of receiving news were mass media (radio and television with 54%) and virtual networks with 49%. The results showed the ICA-COVID-19-PHM for the news source via virtual workgroups was positive (B=1.36; 95% CI, 0.31%, 2.41%; P=0.01) and for the news sources via virtual networks (B=-0.83; 95% CI, -1.62%, -0.05%; P=0.04) and satellites and foreign news agencies (B=-1.50; 95% CI, -2.64%, -0.36%; P=0.01) was negative. While, the ICA-COVID-19-PHM was not significant (P>0.05) for other sources, such as groups of friends and neighbors, newspapers and magazines, radio and television, and news websites.

The management of news sources in epidemics is important because they have associations with adherence to preventive health measures. Policymakers should consider the distribution of vaccine news sources on the ICA-COVID-19-PHM.

Some recommendations and health protocols were presented to control COVID-19 after the outbreak, such as the use of face masks, observing social distancing, closure of schools, etc. Despite these protocols, we witnessed different peaks and variants of COVID-19 for more than two years. This study investigated some risky behaviors, such as not wearing face masks, violating social distancing, and attendance at crowded places.

We used a checklist containing some demographic, caring behaviors, and survey questions. Data were collected from four universities in Iran. Patients with positive PCR results for COVID-19 were included in the study. The minimum sample size required for this study was estimated to be 407, which were selected from the universities by proportional allocation.

The use of face mask proportion was different between the upper and lower age groups of 50 years (P=0.005). Also, this proportion was different in the subgroups of educational level, job status, income, and living area.

The space of most crowded places was confined and many patients did not use face masks and did not observe social distancing in these places. Hence, social distancing and face mask use can be considered the most important caring behaviors to deal with COVID-19.

Pain control and adherence to treatment is one of the most common problems in dialysis patients. Psychological treatments can be effective in reducing the problems of these patients. This study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on pain control and adherence to treatment among dialysis patients.

It was a semi-experimental pre-test, post-test study with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 40 people who were referred to a dialysis clinic in 2022 and an available sampling method was used to select and randomly assign patients to two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, ACT was performed in eight sessions of 90 minutes. McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ) and adherence to treatment scale were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21 and analysis of covariance.

There was a significant difference between the mean scores of pain control and adherence to treatment in the two experimental and control groups (p<0.05). The effect of this treatment on increasing the pain control score was 51% and on increasing the adherence to treatment score was 44%.

ACT can increase pain control and adherence to treatment in dialysis patients; thus, it can be used in designing treatment plans for dialysis patients.