نشریه مرمت و معماری ایران
پیاپی 32 (زمستان 1401)

Today, despite the advancement of technology and the rapid expansion of urbanization, cities, especially urban neighborhoods, face many problems. Using of motor vehicles instead of walking, in today's world has become a norm of urbanization, and as a result, scattered housing has been built with multiple cores outside the walking axis, which has led to a widespread development and unstable lifestyle. In this regard, neighborhoods within the cities have lost their sustainability and attractiveness in terms of healthy life. One of the solutions seems to be to use the walkability of neighborhoods, which can improve the quality of neighborhoods in terms of sustainability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the sustainability of neighborhoods focusing on the walkability to according to the needs of citizens in terms of life's quality in the Charandab neighborhood of Tabriz, and seeks to answer the question of whether planning and designing the neighborhood with the walkability (pedestrian orientation) has led to the sustainability of the Charandab neighborhood? In the field of pedestrianism and sustainable neighborhoods, different studies have been done separately, but the lack of studies on how to communicate and influence between these factors is the necessity and reason for this study which is the innovation aspect of research.
The research method is a combination of quantitative and qualitative using correlation strategies and content analysis and questionnaire and in-depth interview tools. The sample size of the questionnaire was obtained through Cochran's formula and SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis. Twelve experts were selected as the sample size for in-depth interviews and Maxqd software was used for data analysis.
Findings showed that from the residents' point of view, there was a significant difference between the sustainability of Charandab neighborhood with the walkability, and freedom and the right choice with a factor load of 0.93 have the greatest impact. After that, respectively, recreational places (with a factor load of 0.89), access to facilities (with a factor load of 0.86), safety and comfort (with a factor load of 0.82) and responsiveness of place (with a factor load of 0.73) are located. Also, there was a significant difference between negative perception and positive perception of experts. Therefore, the existing design conditions of Charandab neighborhood do not have a suitable context and the possibility of encouraging living based on pedestrian-oriented and sustainable life. According to the results of the survey of residents of Charandab neighborhood and interviews with experts, in order to sustainability of the neighborhoods, it is effective and necessary to apply the principle of compatibility in designing a neighborhood with walkability with emphasis on users' choice.

The campus's physical environment significantly affects student recruitment, retention, and satisfaction. Pressure to accommodate growing student populations has resulted in the unstructured physical growth of campuses in recent decades, jeopardizing student satisfaction with the campus's physical experience. As a result, studying the physical environment on campus is now – perhaps more than ever – a subject worthy of sustained academic inquiry. Additionally, with the shift from a "teaching paradigm" to a "learning paradigm" and technological advancements, the role of campus public spaces as informal learning environments designed to meet the needs of students has received considerable attention. As a result, reimagining the architecture of these spaces appears necessary to boost campus performance and meet the needs of the new generation of students. This paper examined student preferences and needs in campus public spaces to increase student satisfaction. Thus, the primary consideration focuses on the characteristics of university public spaces based on student preferences. The research methodology is qualitative, and the study area is the Art University of Isfahan's Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning. To this end, four public spaces on campus were selected  based on their popularity with students: the core collective spaces, the library, the area in front of the library, and the campus side entrance from the "Gozare Rahe Shahi." The data collection process included a qualitative survey and the placement of questionnaires in four public spaces on campus. These questionnaires were placed in designated locations for six days, from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., and a total of 248 comments were collected. Based on the collected data, student preferences for campus public spaces can be classified into two distinct categories: physical characteristics and activity-related characteristics. Furthermore, the library emphasizes a functional aspect, which refers to students' library access hours. According to the analysis of student perspectives, the physical aspect of the space demonstrates their desire for suitable landscape and furniture design, environmental comfort, and support areas in campus public spaces. Our findings regarding the activity dimension indicate that students value the environment's capacity to support a variety of individual and collective activities. These activities include solitude, interaction, academic engagement, recreation, and individual or group study in public spaces on campus. Moreover, the analysis demonstrates that the importance of these activities varies according to the four study areas mentioned previously.

Infill architecture has always been considered as a practical approach to create new structures to provide usable spaces in historical textures, which in addition to meeting the needs of contemporary era and strengthening the intrinsic values of a place; the development of these centers also plays a key role. This approach, which originated from urban development trends, can also be used as a design keyword in the historical textures of villages. By the introduction of the concept of sustainability into the category of rural heritage protection; it is necessary to develop a design planning agenda in the texture of historical villages to take advantage of existing infrastructure and capacities. Thus, this study seeks to answer the question of how to intervene in the historical and traditional texture of historical villages according to the infill architectural approach? Assuming that the application of the model can affect the effective multifaceted factors on the design in the rural texture and without its application, many important and necessary components will not be included in the process, which can cause problems in this regard. The main purpose of this research is to obtain a model agenda for planning the design of infill building in the texture of historical villages and its application in a case study. The present study is applied-developmental research. In addition, it is descriptive-analytical research in terms of nature. Also, it is in the group of qualitative-quantitative researches. Library, documentary and field studies have been exerted to collect and compile information. The most important findings and conclusions of the research are the presentation of the design agenda model based on the principles of infill architecture in the texture of historical villages which after assessing the situation and analyzing the data based on comprehensive physical information, architecture as well as formal, environmental, climatic patterns and interpretation of the new building plan, is introduced. In order to test; this model has been used to design ecotourism and tourism accommodation in Sopurghan village of Urmia city. This research has achieved qualitative results through the application of quantitative methods, which in addition to preserving the valuable architectural heritage of the field and in harmony with its nature, can also play an essential role in economic, social and environmental prosperity and providing local resources in these centers and preparing a suitable platform for design in other valuable villages.

Understanding an architectural space, by being attendance in that space and experiencing it closely, becomes a part of that space, watching it and moving in it. The attendance of man as the main resident or consumer of architectural space is also a two-way relationship between the human world and his space. The attendance of people gives character to public spaces and strengthens the character of such spaces from within. Thinkers also know quality by attendance in all directions, so that man rarely steps in it until he finds a desirable and satisfying space for presence. In a high quality environment, not only is attendance not mandatory, but also the tendency to spend more time on activities increases due to better conditions. In addition, a wide range of optional attendance and activities are performed by inviting people to stop, move, sit, eat, play, and so on. The attendance of people in a public space affects many issues, including economic, cultural, social, etc. related to that space and is the main factor in determining the success rate of that space. On the other hand, each urban space is related to its surroundings through its edges, in this regard, the spatial continuity at the edges is the main factor in determining the type and shape of the relationship with the surrounding space. Therefore, spatial continuity at the entrances of an urban complex as a part of the edge, can have a significant impact on increasing the presence in that complex. spatial continuity at the borders can affect the quality of the interior space and the desire of people to use it. This issue is especially important in relation to urban public spaces, where the main condition for their success is to increase the attendance of people within them. In this regard, bazaars as part of the structure of urban space, which play an important role in the economic, social and cultural prosperity of cities, are highly dependent on this issue. With this explanation in this research, the issue of how the effect of spatial coherence in the entrances of a public urban complex on the willingness of individuals to attend that complex is examined. In this regard, the traditional bazaar complex of Shiraz has been considered as a case study.The research method in this descriptive-analytical study is based on a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods in data collection and analysis, which depending on the nature of the analysis indicators in different sections, from observation, interview, questionnaire and software. Depthmap software was used to evaluate the various dimensions of the subject. Finally, the research results indicate that there is a direct relationship between spatial continuity in some bazaar inputs and the tendency to use those inputs for the attendance of users in the bazaar. Also, physical continuity, functional continuity and visual continuity are among the dimensions of spatial continuity at the entrances, which can play a role in the level of presence in an urban space (such as the market).

Evaluation of architectural designs Judges the design. In this way, it measures the amount of variables in the design from the desired aspect and then judges it. Due to the important role of arbitration in the courses of architectural projects, if the type of arbitration is not clear, it will affect the appropriate atmosphere on arbitration, will cause unrelated demands related to educational goals and will develop students' talents. Will destroy. The purpose of this study is to achieve the criteria and indicators of realistic judgment in the field of knowledge and professional ability of architecture students in Iran.What is the present study in an attempt to answer the question, evaluation criteria and judging of architectural projects in prominent universities in the field of architecture in Iran?The research method was mixed (quantitative-qualitative) and in terms of practical purpose Statistical population were 17  famous academic instructors of Architecture at Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Science and Technology and Shahid Chamran Ahvaz universities. In order to achieve more accurate results, it was preferred to take the opinions of young and novice professors in the field of judging architectural designs, along with the opinions of experts. Accordingly, 25 young professors who were completing their doctoral studies at Shahid Beheshti University, University of Tehran, Tehran Azad University and University of Science and Technology and had a history of teaching in architectural design workshops at the university as a statistical population. were chosen. Which were selected according to the educational fields, due to the importance of scoring and its direct impact on the research results, sampling was done in a Systematic and non-random was applied. Based on the studies, a model was developed to evaluate the architectural plans, then the professors were first interviewed, the validity of the evaluation model was assessed, and then a questionnaire of the Likert type, one question was selected for them in a contractual manner to determine the level of specificity for the specified criteria. Then, two questions were interviewed as open questionnaires, and finally, after the interview, the initial model was edited and the final model was obtained. Results and information were analyzed using SPSSsoftware was analyzed using statistical methods. This study showed that the final criteria for evaluating the design process are divided into two sub-branches of studies and design.The studies are divided into two subgroups of basic knowledge and attention to technical studies. According to experts, studies and technical knowledge have the greatest impact on the final product. From the young professors 'point of view, advancement of the design process have the greatest impact on professors' scoring, followed by the design skills and studies and technical knowledge. Finally, suggestions and solutions were presented to the jury, architecture educators and specialists to improve the quality of the judges' level of arbitration.

Undergraduate curricula in our country have been criticized for not paying enough attention to the field of practical activities and neglecting vocational training. The curriculum is considered to be a central pillar of the education process and a means to achieve the goals of higher education, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the curriculum based on action-based education as a new approach and the link between architecture education and the needs of society and the labor market. This research seeks to answer two questions: 1. What is the curriculum model in the undergraduate course based on the Klein and Akker model? 2. What is the conceptual model of the curriculum objectives from the perspective of pragmatic education under the proposed model? The present research is of qualitative type and meta-synthesis methods and content analysis has been used sequentially. Data analysis and coding were performed using Nvivo software. Documentary methods and semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. First, with the meta-synthesis method, 18 curriculum patterns were examined and based on the Klein and Akker model, the characteristics of the proposed model was expressed; this pattern consists of nine elements centered on the objectives of the curriculum, so that the other elements are interconnected like a spider web. Then, data analysis was performed by analyzing the content of selected documents and interview forms. After analyzing the qualitative data, 2437 references were obtained, and summarizing and classifying the data, finally 83 open codes, 23 axial codes (19 sub-categories and 4 main categories), and 5 selective codes were presented. After discovering the causal relationships, the spiral conceptual model consisting of 4 objectives, 5 components, and 19 indicators of pragmatic education was presented. In this model, the component of observation as the core and the four components of objective experience, experimentation, internship, and usefulness at higher levels, respectively, constitute the components of pragmatic education. As utility as an inclusive component at the highest level of pragmatic education plays a role in curriculum revision and promotion of architectural education to train vocational.