نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 54 (بهار 1402)

Political legitimacy in the ancient world was mainly normative in nature. But in the modern world, this concept, while maintaining some normative elements within itself, has found a deep connection with the public will and the demands of citizens. According to this, political legitimacy has a two-faceted nature that simultaneously reflects the normative and social characteristics of a society and creates the primary and secondary legitimacy of the system, respectively. In this article, with the qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical method, we explain the legitimacy of political systems based on the two normative and social foundations of legitimacy. The hypothesis ahead is that long-term continuity of legitimacy requires maintaining the distance between the two foundations of the legitimacy building of the system through continuous legitimization; in such a way that occurrence of crisis in the secondary legitimacy of the system does not cause the crisis to spread to its primary legitimacy.

The type and degree of threat of each country has a direct relationship with the goals and ideals of its government. The Islamic Republic of Iran as a government that relies on religious and religious values ​​and ideals that relies on religious democracy and its most important goal is the realization of justice and the spread of the ideals of the Islamic Revolution throughout the world, a society with these ideals and goals always faces threats. One of the ways to examine the foundations of the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran is to study the speeches of Ayatollah Khamenei, who is in charge of the major policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, the main question is; What is the impact of soft power on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamenei?

In this article,an attempt has been made to analyze the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the two periods of construction and reforms based on the Rozenau model,in which the personality and role of decision makers,bureaucratic factors, the international system and the domestic society are emphasized as influencing factors in the field of foreign policy.has been investigated.By looking at the theoretical framework of Rozenau and examining the developments in the foreign policy of the governments of construction and reforms, it was concluded that the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, although it follows fixed principles,has seen changes in different periods depending on the conditions.Based on the conditions,different discourses have been ruling over it, and in the studied periods,two interest-oriented discourses and policy-oriented culture-oriented discourses have been based.Examining these two periods shows that changes in the field of foreign policy were affected by internal and external factors

In this article, the issue of movement in the political and social atmosphere of Iran has been examined and analyzed. This issue is raised because in the last four decades, we are justified by a kind of movement-type participation rather than political competition within the framework of a common meaning system and the objective type of political parties. Because when parties play a role in elections and contests, the political atmosphere does not take on a dynamic state and does not create a wave. The results of the research show that the lack of civil and independent institutions from the government, the lack of suitable platforms for the formation of stable parties, the lack of compliance with the principles of civil political competition, and the lack of democratic culture among social forces are effective factors in creating a movement atmosphere in society.

In this article we have attempted  to examine the position of soft power on the statement of the second step from the point of view of political science.This article sought to answer the question, what are the most fundamental elements affecting the national power of Iran in the statement of the second step of the Islamic Revolution? Based on the findings of this article, which was obtained by using the descriptive-analytical method, the statement while paying attention to the hardware and software dimensions of national power, the most fundamental element of the national power of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the soft power based on the Islamic Revolution values, faith, divine motivation and Velayat-e Faqih. since the values of the Islamic Revolution are based on human nature, they are welcomed by all human societies and provide huge power to Iran.

This article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking, nationalism or protectionism, and opposition to the promotion of democracy in the world, in this framework, power-oriented becomes important in American foreign policy. This article is responsible for answering the question, what was the foreign policy approach of the United States of America in restraining the great powers during the presidency of Obama and Trump? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that what differentiates presidents from each other is only in relation to their management methods and priorities and their perception of the quality of the US foreign policy approach to the international system.