نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 56 (پاییز 1402)

The concept of development in the Islamic Republic of Iran is institutionalized based on competition and partnerships, and paying attention to the future of these two factors indicates the strength or weakness of the Islamic Republic system. Increasing participation, as a multidimensional process, affects or is influenced by many components; In such a way that its realization requires teamwork, intellectual-procedural stability of the system's agents, in relation to positive trends and optimal synergy of potential and actual capacities and infrastructures. Therefore, the question of the present article is, what are the future-oriented guidelines for increasing competition and political participation in Iran? The current research is analytical-descriptive with a future research approach, using the scenario method. The findings indicate a scenario development for a favorable future for civil society in relation to political participation; which includes the possible scenario; possible scenario; He pointed out the favorable future scenario.

It is clear that the spread of infectious diseases causes crises and emergencies in many cases, and the government, considering that it has the broadest duties and powers in the face of a pandemic, the violation of which will result in all kinds of responsibilities of the government. Therefore the purpose of this research is to study the duties of the government, especially in the recent covid-19 pandemic, which was done with a descriptive and analytical method. According to international covenants and principles of the constitution, the health of the society should be responsible for the management of the crisis conditions caused by the pandemic, and in case of non-commitment to the duty, it brings all kinds of responsibilities of the government. It can also be defined as preventive measures, treatment measures and pandemic control, as well as support measures, especially for vulnerable groups, including the duties of the government.

Water is the most valuable factor of life, therefore, the lack of water resources plays an important role challenges between nations and governments. Competition for water resources will cause problems. Today, many countries are facing the problem of water shortage and are on the verge of water stress. in addition to an interdisciplinary research, the connection of political science and hydro politic science in the issue of the disputes governing the border rivers of Iran should be addressed to the solutions of the disputes related to the northeast neighbors. In the intended research with the research method and the current research according to its purpose, it is developmental-duplicative. In this research, in line with the inductive-comparative strategy, two qualitative and quantitative methods have been used, and based on the determination of possible scenarios, the importance of diplomacy in the field of water, with two neighboring countries, will be explained.

One of the most significant political philosophers who devoted his works to the problem of inequality is the French Rousseau. In his famous article "A Discourse on Inequality", he claims that the first historical cause of inequality is private property. Therefore, this research with the theoretical framework of radical democracy, Moff, tried to answer the question of what theoretical basis is based on Russober's hypothesis. What is Rousseau's solution to get out of the crisis of inequality? The result of this research shows that Rousseau's assumption is in line with the criticism of the teachings of the Catholic Church, Locke, especially in the theoretical criticism of Hobbes in Leviathan. There are three main axes: criticism of the natural state/natural law, strong opposition and weak and the nature of sovereignty is stable, and Rousseau's solution to the crisis of contract relies on freedom, which will lead to the unity of contract.

Today, the culture and actions of individuals are very different from those of the past. We are skeptical of the functioning of political institutions and parties, of traditions and ideologies, of inherited intellectual and philosophical schools, and the lack of new concepts and methods in political theorizing is strongly felt. do. In this article, it is written that the discussion begins with the nature of the subject, then shows the role and presence of the "other" in its subjugation, and finally proposes Rancière's policy and aesthetics for the liberation of the subject democracy must go beyond philosophical and sociological boundaries. For him, aesthetics are areas that pave the way for living as equals in society. In this regard, along with describing the key concepts of Rancière's theory such as the distribution of the tangible, police order and equality, how aesthetic theory is transcended by philosophical and discourse topics and theories.

The purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by the political conditions of the country and the increasing price. And the lack of stability in the market has led to a severe loss to the obligee, who must compensate for it. It may cause unbearable difficulties for the obligee and lead him to the abyss of economic collapse. Now the question is whether the commitment of these people is still binding according to the sanctions or it can be changed according to the changes in the situation. However, due to unforeseen events, it is possible to revise the provisions of the contract and provide a clear and explicit solution in these cases based on jurisprudence.

If we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life and dignity. to be War should only be used when all other means of conflict resolution have been exhausted. On the other hand, if we consider Dionysus as a symbol of drunkenness, passion and breaking taboos, Nietzsche considered morality as a human structure that has been used throughout history to suppress and control people. Therefore, peace is a sign of weakness and degeneration and a product of herd mentality. Real strength comes from conflict and struggle. Struggle with the rules that modernity has dominated human life with the view of pure rationality and its product has become a machine human. Nietzsche considered peace to be a necessary part of life, but on the condition that it is based on power. Understanding what and formulating the criticism of these two thinkers on peace and war and how they interpret it is the central issue of this article. Nietzsche believed that peace is not an end in itself, but a means to an end, and argued that peace is necessary for the development of higher forms of culture and civilization, but it should not be pursued at the expense of creativity and progress.