نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 51 (شهریور 1401)

The main purpose of this article is to explain the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin. The main question of the article is what is the place of freedom in the political philosophy of Isaiah Berlin? In response to this hypothesis, it has been suggested that in Isaiah Berlin's political philosophy, freedom is the most important component in countering tyranny. The results of the present article show that due to the existence of tyranny in different societies, especially in the third world, different masses must use different tools to achieve freedom in order to eliminate tyranny. In fact, from Berlin's point of view, freedom is the main obstacle to tyranny. The type of research method in this article is fundamental in terms of purpose and analytical in nature and based on library studies.

The country's aviation industry has faced various sanctions since 1979, and the scope of these sanctions has been increasing since 2007. JCPOA and Resolution 2231 also failed to have a significant impact on resolving the destructive effects of sanctions on Iran's aviation industry. In this way, these sanctions have even affected the supply of parts and technical services required for aircraft. Sanctions directly target the purchase of aircraft that have more than 10% of American technology; Russian aircraft and all purchases. And such sales must be made directly with the permission of the US Treasury Department, otherwise the intermediary company will be subject to US secondary sanctions.

Equality and non-discrimination in grabbing social security has been one of the fundamental principles of Islam and in this divine school all human beings are equal to the credibility of human creation and the principle of humanity, and no one has privilege and superiority over others and according to the Quran (all human beings are created from a single soul). The Islamic Republic's Constitution, inspired by the teachings of heaven, has devoted some of its principles to that and considers the government as the guardian of social security in society. Although the scope of social security coverage is very broad, the legislator has considered mechanisms through which government supports financial support of social security. As far as it goes, one of the most important fundamentals of government intervention in the social security system is the constitution and international documents that in this study through documentary descriptive approach, government’s supportive approach and the principle of equality in social security are examined and the obtained result is that the government has some goals in this area that include guarantying social welfare, the continuation of distributive justice, equality and non-discrimination as well as exerting sovereignty

From the perspective of political sociology and the role of social forces, this article identifies and analyzes the components that hinder the development of capital markets in the first decade of the Islamic Revolution. Accordingly, the main question that arises is what was the relationship between the political system and the capital market in the first decade of the revolution? The research hypothesis is that "the political system in the first decade of the revolution, under the influence of active social forces, had an anti-capitalist nature and hindered the development of the capital market." In this research, using the historical approach and historical-analytical research process and using the library study, as well as interviews with the then stock exchange managers of the country, the development of the Iranian capital market and the relationship between the political system and it were investigated. Based on the data of this study, the results show that governments and the structure of active social forces in the first decade of the revolution have hindered the development of the capital market.

The purpose of the article is to study the hermeneutic theory in political development. Political cognition through hermeneutics eliminates many political misunderstandings and differences. Therefore, political participation requires the existence of political awareness and consciousness that leads to political development. Also, the result of the hermeneutic cycle in the effect of pre-understanding leads to interpretation and decision-making. To investigate this issue, the term hermeneutics is first defined. Then, theories in the field of hermeneutics and cognition are discussed. In the next step, the influential factors in hermeneutics will be discussed. Finally, by providing historical examples, it will be emphasized to pay attention to hermeneutics in politics. One of the most important results of the research is the self-awareness of the people and the active role of the people in political affairs, which leads to political development.

This article aims to investigate the relationship between the Internet and the tendency towards national identity among the students of Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The research method in this study was survey. The statistical population of the research consists of all the students of Shiraz Azad University in the academic year 2018-2019. The sample size is 380 people and the sampling method has been done in two stages using random sampling method and then proportional quota sampling. The data have been described and analyzed using inferential statistics and descriptive statistics with the help of SPSS and AMOS statistical software. The results of the research indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between the amount of internet use, motivation and purpose, participation and activeness of students in the use of this communication technology, and there is a significant negative relationship between the type of use of students and national identity.

Despite development in social networks, the traditional news media have special functions and the government uses them to promote its goals. In the research, the media approach of the News Channel in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) and newspapers aims to reflect cultural and political news. The study was conducted from 2013 to the end of 2019. The emphasis of the study was based on the fact that IRIB and the Iran newspaper get a great influence from government policies in different periods. The results showed that there was a difference between Iran newspaper's coverage of political issues and other issues. Also, there was a difference in the number of cultural news on the News Channel compared to other news. There was no difference between the Iran newspaper and the News Channel of IRIB in terms of attention to the main case and analysis of news events.

By recognizing the weaknesses and strengths of Iranian cinema, by preventing Islamophobia and anti-Iranianism at the international level, the fields of awareness and cultural promotion within the society can be provided. Iran and its distance from the desired situation are fundamental questions. In the study of representation of the above components, the mixed method was used, then a researcher-made questionnaire of 60 cultural components was identified and reviewed. The statistical population in the first phase of the research consists of a group of experts in the field of cinema and diplomacy. In sampling the snowball technique and then three types of Delphi questionnaires, pairwise comparisons and the status of cultural diplomacy components in the form of five national, religious, cultural, political and technical dimensions were used in Iranian cinema. Data analysis showed that the representation of the components of cultural diplomacy in Iranian cinema is far from the desired situation.

Countries are unable to run their government without establishing relations in the world. Any communication requires the expediency and understanding of the other party, which in the field of international relations without recognizing the enemy of these relations leads to the destruction and exploitation of our country. In all areas, it was based on the will and interests of the other countries. After the victory of the revolution, the relationship with the colonists was due to the lack of interruption and this has led to hostility. Emergency Relationships Is it necessary to know the enemy? This article, using an analytical descriptive method, seeks to respond and examine the enemy from the perspective of the Qur'an and the traditions and principles governing foreign policy and rejecting any one -way relationship and mastery of aliens and considers the negotiations to be recognized as the enemy and their conspiracies.

Social security is a legal or practical solution in the public sphere that is designed for the economic security and social welfare of individuals and their families in the face of income loss from unemployment, old age or death, as well as the promotion of welfare through public services and economic support.The purpose of this study is to investigate the position of the right to social security in post-revolutionary governments. The research method is descriptive and post-event based on fuzzy approach. In this research, the data available in valid internal databases, including the Central Bank and the Social Security Organization, have been used. Excel, SPSS, fs / QCA software were used for data processing and analysis. The results showed that social security incomes are a necessary condition for reducing unemployment, poverty and having the right to housing and good social welfare.

The main purpose of tax policy is to finance governments, but sometimes we see the shortcomings of the tax system in the executive dimension. The pathology of tax policy in Iran indicates that most of the issues in this process are related to the implementation phase. The main question of the forthcoming research is what are the causal factors influencing the weak implementation of tax policies in Iran? Research participants were purposefully selected and data were collected using in-depth interviews with 33 experts. The data of this study have been analyzed using a combined method. The findings indicate that tax disobedience among taxpayers (tax evasion), lack of integrated economic and financial database, lack of access to taxpayers' economic information, multiple and political shifts for tax system managers, multiple regulations, tax directives and contradictions are among the most important causes of weakness in tax policy in Iran.

According to international law, the sources of asylum are legal documents in which the norms and legal regulations related to asylum can be found. The purpose of the article is to review international documents to explain the status of immigrants. This research is a descriptive-analytical method of library collection. The hypothesis suggests the documents often appear to be recognized as the basis for the treatment and international protection of refugees. The question of article is: can documents be recognized as the basis for the treatment and international protection of refugees? In the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1951 Convention, the 1967 Protocol, and other valid international and regional documents, the right of asylum is specified, but the general system of protecting the rights of refugees is the same as the 1951 Geneva Convention and its amendment protocol.

The current research aims to investigate the impact of Pabarja programming on information technology, aerospace technology and biotechnology in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, the policy making tool of Pabarja programming has been used as post-programming methods. The fields of information technology, aerospace technology, and biological technology have been the studied examples. Developmental policy documents in these three areas have been analyzed. Based on the results, the policies were divided into four categories: very strong, strong, partially strong, and non-strong. Instrumental policies in the country's technological development documents were compared in three studied fields. Based on the results of the information technology document, it is more durable than the other two documents, and the bio-technology document has the lowest degree of durability. In the bio-technological document, not only the level of persistence is low, but they also do not have correlation with each other, and the things that were important in the document have less persistence. The comparison between dependence on technological fields and dependence on scenarios shows that policies are more dependent on scenarios than on technological fields.

Nanotechnology and its various applications, especially in the field of environment, not only caused the prevention and elimination of environmental pollution and environmental protection but could also lead to sustainable development. Of course, the potential dangers of some Nano-material could lead to environmental degradation or pollution. The rapid advances in Nano-technology have challenged traditional legislative regimes in both international law and national law, including in the field of the environment. The subject of this research is to investigate the legal gaps in nanotechnology, which has been done to determine the legal challenges in the use of this technology and also provide legal solutions. The present article is descriptive-analytical and finally, it has been concluded that if a coordinated effort is made between the various parts of the regulatory system at the national and international levels, it is possible to solve challenges and it can lead to the development of regulations at national and international levels. The development of new and special laws to eliminate the shortcomings of the existing regulatory system is one of the solutions.

The subject of the request and its determination can be studied in jurisprudential texts and the law of some countries such as Iran and France. Determining the claim and its price in legal claims is a very important issue that is also known as the main and basic element of any lawsuit. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the conditions and effects of determining the demand in Iranian and French law which has been studied in legal dimensions. The authors have used descriptive-analytical and library collection methods. Financial or non-financial demand, the criteria for evaluating the demand price, and the rules of demand determination are very important issues that can be examined. In French law, the demand and its determination can be considered important, and this issue is mentioned in Article 1128 of the French Civil Code, and the criterion and criterion for evaluating the demand and its price is its "tradability".

The Kurdistan region has more than 600 kilometers of common border with Iran, which are culturally and historically compatible and have a deep influence on each other in the field of democracy. The question of the research includes: is the formation of political opposition in the Kurdistan region a sign of the transition of this region towards democracy or authoritarianism? The hypothesis suggests although the emergence of the opposition is a sign of minimal democracy, its formation, stabilization, and weakening are proof of the authoritarian structure and functioning of the two main parties in this region. The research method is qualitative (library documents). The results show that the formation of the political opposition in the region was a reaction to the authoritarian rule, but at the same time, it was a sign of the movement of the Kurdish society towards a kind of political and party pluralism.