فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 126 (شهریور 1402)

The psychological dimensions of success in young professional athletes need to be further investigated so that appropriate support can be provided in line with mental health and improving living and academic conditions.

The present study investigated the relationships among spiritual Happiness, academic achievement, creativity, and social attitudes with young professional athletes’ success by developing a model of mental health and sports achievements.

Descriptive-correlational study and a cross-sectional survey. For this purpose, 165 (89 male and 76 female) professional athletes aged between 15 and 18 were selected from the members of national teams and athletes. The research instruments included demographic sheets, informed consent forms, a General Health Questionnaire, Raudsepp's (1999) Creativity Scale, the social attitudes of Afrouz and Jordan (1976), the Spiritual Happiness Scale (SVS) of Chaprian and Afrouz (2016), Academic Achievement, and Sports Success Scale (SSS).

The results of the path analysis and Sobel test run in the LISREL software revealed that spiritual happiness, creativity, mental health, and academic achievement were significantly related to the sporting success of young professional athletes, while there was no significant relationship between social attitudes and sports success. Likewise, Spiritual Happiness, creativity, and social attitudes were associated with the mental health of young professional athletes. However, there was no significant association between academic achievement and mental health. Furthermore, mental health significantly mediated the relationships of Spiritual and creativity with the sports success of young professional athletes. However, no similar contribution was observed concerning the components of academic achievement and social attitudes.

The results showed that the proposed structural model was desirably fit for sports success with mental health mediation.

Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent deficits in communication-social skills, and weakness in social skills in these children has negative consequences. New hypotheses relate autism spectrum disorder to a deficiency in the theory of mind. Teaching social-emotional skills by including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and emotional awareness can be an effective intervention to improve the theory of mind in these children. This is despite the fact that there is a research gap in this field and no study has been conducted to investigate this important issue.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of social-emotional skill training in improving the theory of mind in children with autism.

The design of the current research was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of the research included all male students with autism spectrum in the age group of 7 to 15 years in the city of Tehran in the academic year of 2019-2020, from which 20 people were randomly selected and divided into two experimental groups (10 people) and control (10 people) were replaced. For the experimental group, ten sessions of social-emotional skill training intervention taken from the educational package of Khosrotash et al. (2019) were implemented, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The data collection tools in this research included the autism spectrum assessment questionnaire (Ehlers et al., 1999) and theory of mind test (Muris et al., 1999), which were completed by parents. Also, the obtained data were analyzed using the covariance analysis method and the SPSS version 22 software.

The results show that social-emotional learning training has increased theory of mind scores in the experimental group (P<0.05). The effect size of the theory of mind score was 36%, and therefore social-emotional learning has been able to explain 36% of the changes in theory of mind scores.

According to the results obtained in the present study, it seems that social emotional skill training can affect the theory of mind in children with autism. Therefore, it is recommended to use it along with other treatment methods in order to improve emotional, social and communication skills in these children.

Corona deaths, by causing widespread disturbances, shook the foundations of many families. When the lost person is one of the spouses, this situation becomes more critical. However, in the literature, there is limited research on the lived experience and long-term grief of bereaved spouses due to the death of Corona. Few kinds of research have been done considering the reasons for the prolonged bereavement of spouses, and it is necessary to carry out representative research in this field.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prolonged grief of spouses because of deaths caused by COVID-19.

The approach used in this research was qualitative and contextual. 17 individuals who experienced the death of their spouse due to Corona disease (Covid-19) in 2020 were selected by theoretical sampling method. Then, the researchers used a semi-structured interview to collect data. The data were analyzed using the Strauss and Corbin method.

After analyzing the data, four major categories (factors related to the transition through death, factors associated with grief and mourning, supporting factors, and factors related to the relationship status with the deceased spouse) and 12 primary categories (negative emotion regulation strategies, uncertainty about the future, feeling of guilt, the inability to overcome anger, perception of the uniqueness of the grief experience, lack of acceptance of the loss, negative facts associated with the loss, issues in holding ceremonies, feeling of abandonment, rapid change of roles in the family, lack of attachment, and touch deprivation) were found. Then, they were categorized in the loss-oriented coping method dimension.

The results revealed that the main reason for the complication of grief is the loss-oriented coping method, which avoids situations of grief and complicates the whole process. Support services provided can be a great help to people who are experiencing it.

Marital commitment in long-term relationships is influenced by underlying factors including personality traits. In previous researches, there are many inconsistencies about which of personality traits are related to marital commitment truly. in addition, most of researches have focused on the big five of personality and role of dark triad traits has been little discussed.

This study aimed to predict marital commitment based on dark triad traits and big five of personality in married women.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study. In this research, 327 married women were selected from people who referred to counseling centers which are under supervision of the State Welfare Organization of Shiraz, by the convenience sampling method. Participants were asked to fill the Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale (Jones & Paulhus, 2014), NEO Five Factor Personality Inventory (McCrae & Costa, 2004) and Dimensions of Commitment Inventory (Adams & Jones, 1997). Pearson correlation coefficient and standard multiple regression were used to analyze the research data.

The results showed that among variables of dark triad traits and the big five of personality, neuroticism (β= -0.301, p< 0.001) and Machiavellianism (β= -0.105, p<0.05) are significant and negative predictors and conscientiousness (β= 0.214, p< 0.01) is significant and positive predictor of marital commitment. Also, the combination of research variables is significantly related to marital commitment and explained%25.9 of its variance.

Based on the results, neuroticism, concientiousness, and machiavellianism have important roles in predicting of marital commitment and should be noticed to increase the commitment in long-term relationships.

Studies show that, emotion dysregulation can be a risk factor for maladaptive overeating behavior, which indicates an inadequate response to negative emotions and leads to weight gain and obesity. Therefore, an emotion regulation-based intervention helps overweight and obese people to recognize intense emotional experiences, and to learn skills for self-regulation of behavior and reduction of intense negative emotions instead of binge-eating disorder as a maladaptive behavior

The present study aimed to assess Designing and evaluating the efficacy of family-based treatment based on Unified Protocol for transdiagnostic approach on body mass index, emotion regulation in adolescent with overweight and obesity during the covid-19 pandemic.

This study is a quasi- experimental with pretest posttest and follow up design. The statistical population included all Obese and overweight adolescents within the age range of 12-15 years and their mothers who were referred to one of the comprehensive health service centers Kerman in 2021-2022. The statistical sample was selected via the convenience sampling method from among Obese and overweight adolescents and their mothers, and the subjects were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Emotion Regulation Checklist and Behavioral emotion regulation questionnaire were used for collecting data. Data were analyzed using Multivariate analysis of variance, repeated measure. Obese and overweight adolescents and their mothers, received 15 sessions of the unified protocols, while no special training was provided to the control group.

The results of the present study indicated that the three measurements performed in pretest, posttest, and follow-up significantly differed regarding body mass index, emotion regulation, Behavioral emotion regulation in adolescents in pointing to the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment (P= 0.000).

The obtained results suggested the efficacy of the unified protocols on reducing body mass index and improving the emotion regulation, Behavioral emotion regulation in adolescents

Among the important variables related to immigration are the attachment styles and identity of people, because immigration is accompanied by rapid changes in social function and communication, and this can lead to the formation of attachment anxiety and identity changes in people. However, few researches have been done in the field of comparison of attachment styles and identity in immigrant and non-immigrant people.

The aim was to compare identity styles and attachment styles in Iranian international immigrants and non-immigrants.

The current research was of causal-comparative type based on survey method. The statistical population of the research included all immigrants to Western European countries from 2012 to 2018 and Iranian non-immigrants in 2021 in Tehran. With the available sampling method, 200 people (100 immigrants and 100 non-immigrants). They responded to Berzonsky’s Identity Style Inventory (1992) and Collins and Read Adult Attachment Scale (1990) questionnaires. Multivariate variance analysis and SPSS23 software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there was no significant difference between the immigrant and non-immigrant groups in the variables of informative, normative, confused-avoidant style. (P<0.05); but, there was a significant difference between the two groups of emigrants and non-emigrants regarding dependency attachment (P< 0.05), but this only explains 17% of the difference between the two groups; also, there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding insecure attachment style and secure attachment style (P< 0.05).

In line with the obtained results, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference in identity styles between immigrants and non-immigrants, and immigrants scored higher only in the dependence component of the attachment variable. Therefore, it is necessary to pay more attention to attachment damage in immigrant people.

Job enthusiasm refers to the amount of use of physical, mental and mental strength of people in doing tasks related to their role. Low work enthusiasm among employees causes organizational commitment and low job satisfaction, errors, accidents and injuries in performing job duties. Therefore, according to the little research evidence in the field of the research topic, identifying and measuring the job enthusiasm of employees is essential and necessary to prevent organizational and psychological problems.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric properties of Shaufeli's job enthusiasm scale among teachers in Damghan city.

In terms of the fundamental-applied goal, and in terms of the type of information gathering, the present research is a questionnaire survey, and in terms of methodology, it is considered one of the test-making studies, which was conducted in the form of a correlational research project. The statistical population of the present study included all teachers (N = 1267) and secondary school students(N=2621) of Damghan city in the academic year of 2001-2001. Among the statistical population, 460 teachers (310 women, 150 men) and 460 students (255 girls, 205 boys) were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. The teachers responded to the Schaufeli job enthusiasm scale (2013) and the students responded to the academic motivation scale of vallerand et al. (1992). The analysis of research data was done through confirmatory factor analysis and with SPSS24 and AMOS26 software.

The results confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor structure of the scale has an acceptable fit with the data and all the fit indices confirmed the fit of the model. Also, in order to estimate the convergent validity, the Pearson correlation results showed that there were positive and significant relationships between the components of the job enthusiasm scale and the components of the academic motivation scale of Vallerand et al. (1992) (P<0.05). Also, the validity of the components of this scale was suitable using Cronbach's alpha method.

Overall, the results of the present study provided evidence for the validity and reliability of the job enthusiasm questionnaire as a tool for measuring job enthusiasm with the components of strength, commitment and attraction in order to promote and improve teachers' job performance. Therefore, it can be used by teachers, researchers, therapists and counselors as a valid and valid tool

Psychological aspects of job enrichment are crucial topics in sports psychology and mean increasing the motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and performance of employees by providing opportunities for learning, creativity, responsibility, and effective communication in the organization. Work-family conflict is an important issue for both managers and employees. Work-family conflict can lead to a lack of progress, job displacement, and job change. Job enrichment allows managers to organize their work schedules and take responsibility for their tasks. However, there is no valid tool to measure these structures in Iran.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric characteristics of job enrichment scales and work-family conflict in sports managers.

This research was a descriptive study and it is in the category of instrumental research. The statistical population included physical education directors of universities across Iran in 2019. The sample of this study was 333 people selected by the convenient sampling method. Job enrichment and work-family conflict questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software.

The findings showed that the reliability of the work-family conflict and job enrichment questionnaire in the present study was obtained using Cronbach's alpha, α=0.904 and α=0.926, respectively, which indicated the appropriate internal reliability of the items. The results showed that the correlation of all the items with the total score was at the optimal level. By removing each item, there was no significant difference in Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test.

The results of this research showed the favorable reliability of the findings obtained from two questionnaires on work-family conflict and job enrichment. Furthermore, based on the results, favorable convergent and divergent validity were reported. Research in larger samples and other populations is suggested.

Diabetes is a chronic, growing disease with serious and important physical and mental consequences. Self-care is very important in controlling this disease, and identifying factors affecting self-care such as emotional symptoms, spirituality, and self-compassion can help us better control this type of disease. A review of the research background shows that there are few studies in the field of type 2 diabetes self-care, so the present study tries to investigate the role of self-compassion on diabetes self-care through emotional symptoms and spirituality.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of the self-care relationship of patients with type 2 diabetes based on emotional symptoms and spirituality with the mediation of self-compassion.

The design of the current research was descriptive-correlational and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all patients with type 2 diabetes in Tehran in 2020-2021, 423 of whom were selected from Shariati, imam Khomeini hospitals, and Taban specialized health and diabetes polyclinic using available sampling method. In order to collect data, type 2 diabetes self-care questionnaires (Neamatizade et al., 2022), emotional symptoms (Wardenaar et al., 2010), self-compassion (Neff, 2003) and spirituality (Parsian & Dunning, 2009) were used. Also, research data were analyzed using structural equation modeling method and SPSS24 and AMOS24 software.

The findings of this research showed that the overall effect of emotional symptoms (β=0.274, P<0.01), spirituality (β=0.485, P<0.01) and self-compassion (P<0.01, 369) β=0/0) on self-care of type 2 diabetic patients was significant at the level of 0.01. Also, the results showed the indirect effect of emotional symptoms (β=-0.164, P < 0.01), spirituality (β = 0.098, P < 0.01) on the self-care of type 2 diabetic patients was significant at the level of 0.01. Based on this, it was found that self-compassion mediates the effect of emotional symptoms on self-care in a negative way and the effect of spirituality on self-care of diabetic patients in a positive and meaningful way. Also, the results showed that the variables of spirituality, emotional symptoms and self-compassion explain a total of 51% of the variance of self-care in type 2 diabetes patients.

According to the obtained results, it seems that self-compassion has a mediating role in the relationship between emotional symptoms and spirituality and self-care of type 2 diabetes patients. Therefore, increasing self-compassion in these patients can be effective in improving the self-care of these patients by controlling negative emotional symptoms such as depression and anxiety and increasing spirituality.

Behavioral activation therapy is one of the effective treatment methods for people who have some kind of mental deterioration. The effect of behavioral activation therapy with guided mental imagery on the level of temptation, perceived stress, and positive-negative emotional cognitive regulation of substance-dependent adolescents has not been investigated in the history of this field.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of behavioral activator therapy with guided mental imagery on resilience, temptation, perceived stress and positive and negative cognitive emotional regulation of substance-dependent adolescents.

The research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test design with equal control group). The sample consisted of 30 drug-dependent adolescents who were selected by convenience sampling. Then, from the research sample, 15 substance-dependent adolescents were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 15 substance-dependent adolescents to the control group. Research instruments included Temptation Questionnaire (Salehi Fadardi et al., 2011), Stress Questionnaire (Cohen et al., 2012) and Adjustment Questionnaire and Emotional Questionnaire (Garnfsky et al., 2002). Multivariate analysis of Mancova and Ankova multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis.

The results of data analysis showed that behavioral activation therapy with guided mental imagery increases resilience and positive cognitive emotional regulation and reduces temptation, perceived stress and negative emotional cognitive regulation in adolescents addicted to experimental group compared to control group.

Considering the effect of behavioral activator treatment with guided mental imagery on positive cognitive emotional regulation and reducing the amount of temptation, perceived stress, and negative cognitive emotional regulation of adolescents, this treatment method should be considered and used in addiction treatment centers.

Based on the evidence, Patients with coronary artery disease have unstable blood pressure and low action flexibility, which causes disease recurrence and increased risk of death. Based on previous studies, Interpersonal therapy can help treat disorders in chronic patients, However, there is a research gap regarding the effectiveness of this type of treatment on action flexibility and blood pressure of women with coronary artery disease.

The current study aims to determine the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy on action flexibility and blood- pressure in women with coronary artery disease.

The current study was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a follow-up period (45 days). The statistical population of the study includes all female patients with coronary artery disease who had an appointment at the Cardiac Rehabilitation in Afshar Clinic of Yazd in 2021; 28 of them were selected in a targeted method and replaced by random assignment in the groups. Data collection tools include Action flexibility questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and sphygmomanometer. The data was analyzed using mixed variance analysis and SPSS24 software.

According to the results obtained, interpersona psychotherapy significantly affects the flexibility of patients' actions (P>0.05). Although this treatment had a significant effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the interventions, this effect was not effective in the follow-up stage (p<0.05).

Based on the findings of the present research, it seems, interpersonal psychotherapy improves the functional flexibility of coronary artery patients. Therefore, it is important for specialists to know about this treatment in order to improve the action flexibility and blood pressure of coronary artery patients.

One of the most common mood disorders is depression. This disorder always leads to disruption of social adaptation and daily life performance of people. Emotional memory management, as a method based on regulating emotions, is one of the accepted methods for improving many psychological disorders, including depression. Despite the use of emotional memory management training in various researches, limited studies have investigated the effectiveness of emotional memory management training on the social adjustment of women and men with depression symptoms.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the emotional memory management training package on the social adjustment of women and men with depressive symptoms.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of the research included all the male and female employees of the Ports and Maritime Organization and the army navy employees and their families living in Tehran, who had referred to a counseling center in Tehran during the years 2017 to 2018 due to depression. The statistical sample was selected among the people of the statistical population in an accessible and purposeful way and randomly divided into two groups of 30 people, Experimental and control (15 men and 15 women in each group). The experimental group participated in emotional memory management training sessions (a program compiled by the researcher) for 12 sessions of 75 minutes, and the control group was not given any training during this period. Social adjustment (Bell, 1961) and depression (Beck et al., 1996) questionnaires were used to collect data. To analyze the data, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used, and SPSS version 25 was used for statistical calculations.

The research findings showed that emotional memory management package training has a positive and significant effect on the social adjustment of depressed men and women. Also, there is a significant difference between the mean social adjustment scores of pre-test, post-test and follow-up (P<0.001).

According to the obtained results, it seems that in the emotional memory management training program, people learn how to interact with each other, express their emotions appropriately, and correct their emotional expression problems. Therefore, by increasing the capacity of emotional and communication knowledge, people's social adjustment is improved.