نشریه نقد، تحلیل و زیبایی شناسی متون
پیاپی 19 (تابستان 1402)

Investigating the effects of the element of time in Hariri officials based on the structures of Gerard Genet's narrative discourse theory Time is not the only influential element in the logic of narrative. But it has a fundamental role in narration. Time in narratology is examined based on the processes of order, narrative continuity and repetition or frequency, and Gerard Genet is one of the greatest theorists in the field of time in narrative discourse who has fully addressed these aspects. The approach of this research is to examine the element of time in Hariri officials and its effect on the narrative discourse of officials based on Gerard Genet's critical method. This analysis examined the relationship between story time and discourse time to conclude that most narrations are time-lapse and time-lapse is more of a retrospective type and they account for about "10.33%" and sometimes story time exceeds the discourse time and its application is about "0.84%". The speed of the narrations was evaluated based on the three modes of "acceleration, deceleration and constant acceleration" and It has been shown that constant acceleration has the highest rate of application in Hariri authorities with "43.45%". And then because of using of summary and ellipsis, about “12.44%” of Hariri authorities move forward with an acceleration. And the reason for the deceleration of the authorities is the detailed and consecutive descriptions throughout the narrations, which account for "18.14%" and the repetition of events does not move in one direction and different types of frequencies are used to express the events that some of which are specific to Hariri style. The iterative frequency of "8.04%" and the singular frequency "3.58%" have the most applications respectively, and the similarity frequency of "0.42%" and multiple frequency "1.05%" and repetitive frequency "1.68%" have the lowest respectively.

Leading research in a descriptive-analytical manner and using library resources has examined the characteristics and standards of poetry of children and adolescents in the field of Islamic Revolution, Holy Defense and Resistance. The main elements of children's poetry are subject, imagination and fantasy, language, thought, etc. This research is to explain the standards of these elements in the poems of children and youth of war. The results showed that children-adolescent poetry should have a simple and natural language. The use of colloquial language in children's poetry is prohibited; Because a child who is learning literary language suffers from a dichotomy between colloquial and literary language. The child poet should use images and arrays that are familiar and understandable to the child and at the same time should be appropriate to the life experience of children and adolescents. The lack of fundamental and attractive events in the narrative poems of the Holy Defense has caused the readers to not be able to find a proper emotional relationship with such works, and inevitably the percentage of readers of the Holy Defense works is much lower than other branches of children's literature.

Nowadays, with the expansion of interdisciplinary studies, the traditional boundaries of various academic fields have changed and many of the works of the ancients have been re-examined and re-studied using new theories. Positive psychology, which has recently received the attention of psychologists, describes components that are very close to the principles of mystics. Seligman has divided the effective components in this field into six parts: Wisdom, Courage, Love, Justice, Moderation, and Excellence. These virtues are evident in the works of mystics, such as Attar's Tazkira al-Awliya, which describes the sayings of mystics. The present essay has investigated the sayings of Junaid Baghdadi and Bayazid Bastami by using the analytical-descriptive method and library sources. By examining the lives of these two great leaders of different and important mysticism, i.e. "devotional mysticism" and "romantic mysticism", we want to find out the points of their life and personality that are more consistent with the components of positive psychology. The component of wisdom is the first principle of the positivists and it is frequently observed in the sayings of these two nobles or excellence, the last component of the positivists, each of its principles, except for the virtue of humor, is consistent with their behavior. Components such as love, justice, and moderation are also very similar to the teachings of the mystics, but a component such as courage has been given less attention.

One of the most famous and influential writers of our time was Dr. Mohammad Ebrahim Parisi. In addition to the deep historical information and the smooth and colorful pen he used to write, he also showed great creativity in choosing titles for his books and articles. Names that are sometimes very scientific and logical, sometimes very ambiguous and romantic, and sometimes very musical and imaginative. In this article, we reflected on the titles of Dr. Parisi's books, and considering the course of choosing titles in Iran and the place of authors in this historical process, we looked more closely at their romantic methods of choosing titles, and with a brief introduction of the works, we examined the attractive aspects of the titles. we did . In the end, what came out is that Parisi is a writer inclined to the school of romanticism, and this tendency, in the titles of some works, in different ways, such as paying attention to feeling and emotion, imagination, weight and music, ambiguity and suspense, familiarity Demystifying and distinguishing, paying attention to personal experiences and world travel, especially in time and... It was considered by the author.

The science of meanings examines and evaluates how the words fit with the situation and status of the speaker, audience, place, subject and literary genre. This knowledge discusses the secondary meanings of sentences and translates one language into the same language; It means that it explains the implicit meaning of the sentences and it should be according to the situation and position. Bidel Dehlavi is a famous lyricist of Indian style. One of the manifestations of the knowledge of meanings in Bidel's sonnets is Circumlocution, which has not been addressed as it should be; For this purpose, the present study tries to examine the beginning thirty sonnets of Bidel from the perspective of Circumlocution. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its data has been collected using library sources. The studied community is the beginning 30 ghazals (338 verses) of Bidel Dehlavi's ghazals edited by Akbar Behdarvand, which was published by Negha Publications in 2012. The findings of the research show that "completion" has the highest frequency and "special mention after the general" has the lowest frequency in the beginning thirty ghazals of Bidel Dehlavi. Bidel Dehlavi has used description, allegory, combination of adjectives, similes (especially metaphorical similes), irony, observing analogies and deviating from the norm (avoidance of norms) in order to create a poem, thus adding to the richness of his speech and the mind of the audience. has struggled.

In this article, the differences and structural and content similarities of the introductions of Bijan, Manijeh, Rostam and Esfandiar in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh are examined.Despite the difference between the war-tragedy story of Rostam and Esfandiar with the love story of Bijan and Manijeh; Why did Ferdowsi use some words, combinations and concepts in the introduction of these stories in a similar and close way?The coincidence or purposefulness of these subscriptions; A special look at Ferdowsi's style and interest in the themes and topics used in the revenues of these two stories and also the achievement of several prominent reasons about the permanence of the verses of these fictional introductions are among the hypotheses raised in this research.The method of fundamental analysis and quantitative and qualitative comparison with the help of available library resources has been tried to analyze the various dimensions of the subject. After the introduction and general work and statement of the problem and research background, a separate analysis and review of each introduction is given.The differences and similarities of these two introductions are stated. At the end of the discussion, while answering the proposed problems and hypotheses, we find out:Ferdowsi probably for some reasons such as motivating and attracting the audience, content independence in fictional incomes and novelty and avoidance of obsolescence at any point in time, has tried to compose the introduction of Shahnameh with considerable commonalities.