In this study, five types of popular herbal distillates including licorice, fennel, orange blossom, lavender, and cinnamon were purchased from the supply level stores in Ilam city by cluster sampling method and analyzed for the amount of ethanol and methanol.

In the first step, the samples of herbal distillates were taken for testing. In addition, analytical grade ethanol and methanol were purchased from Merck Company and used as controls. Dates of production and expiry of each sample were separately checked and recorded. The samples of every herb distillate were kept in their original containers and used for testing. The names and brands of the manufacturing plants were mentioned as A, B, C, etc., in view of the ethical aspects of the research. The concentration of methanol and ethanol in the products of each company was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and each sample was measured five times and the mean value was reported.

On the basis of the obtained results, the mean concentrations of ethanol and methanol in lavender distillate were 7.20 and 17.00 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol levels in orange blossom distillate were 164.26 and 64.25 ppm, respectively. The average ethanol and methanol content in cinnamon distillate were 11.95 and 12.77 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol contents in fennel distillate were 3.89 and 7.51 ppm, respectively. The mean ethanol and methanol contents in licorice distillate were 4.15 and 38.31 ppm, respectively. The results of this study showed that herbal distillates have ethanols and particularly methanols.

Herbal distillates that contain methanol and ethanol can be toxic, especially to pregnant women, if taken over a long period of time.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative ketorolac injection on reducing or eliminating postoperative complications in order to find the best site for injection. Thus, the amount of annoyance and dissatisfaction of the patient is reduced so that the patient can move toward surgery with facing less problems and complications after treatment.

In this study, patients were divided into 2 groups of 42 individuals. After the injection of IANB anesthesia, 30 mgs of ketorolac was injected into the master muscle for the first group and 30 mg of ketorolac was injected into the medial pterygoid muscle for the second group. Pain, edema, trismus, mouth opening rate and patients ‘general satisfaction were assessed on the second and seventh days after surgery. Data were analyzed by Stata v 14.2 software and statistical tests.

In the present study, although in the group receiving ketorolac in medial pterygoid muscle  the outcomes of pain on both the second and seventh days and swelling on the second day, less and maximum mouth opening and general satisfaction of the patient on the second day, were higher, but these differences were not statistically significant and the only significant difference was in the satisfaction parameter of patients after surgery on the seventh day, so that the patients receiving the ketorolac in the medial pterygoid muscle reported higher satisfaction (p=0.021).

The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference in the outcomes of pain, swelling, trismus and maximum mouth opening between the two groups of injection of ketorolac into the master muscle and medial pterygoid muscle, and only a significant difference was in the general satisfaction parameter of patients after surgery on the seventh day, so that patients receiving the ketorolac into the medial pterygoid muscle reported more satisfaction than the master muscle.

Plants are nature's gift to humanity to acquire a healthy and prosperous life and used not only to treat several diseases but also as nutraceuticals to improve or modulate biological activities. About 500 species of Artemisia have been found in nature. Among them, Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) or wormwood is the most popular herb in the temperate zone of Northern Africa, Eurasia. It is widely distributed in the Northern United States and Canada and descriptions are found in almost all medicinal books of the Western World. It is grown as a decorative plant and is used in various alcoholic beverages as well as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe. The information regardingA. absinthiumethno pharmacological activities, phytochemistry, and its various medicinal uses wereexplored using different search engines in PubMed, Google Scholar, Research gate and Web of science. Different terms included "worm wood", "Artemisia absinthium", "and pharmacological", "therapeutic/medicinal uses" were used to find the scientific literatures. Studies have shown that A. absinthium possesses anti-bacterial, anti-depressant, anthelmintic, anti-malarial, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, antipyretic, anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective activities. These activities are attributed to various active metabolites present in A. absinthium, whereas for further research, these results are useful and valuable. Adverse properties of A. absinthium required severe efforts to identify, isolates, and validates the chemical constituents for their therapeutic potentials, which gives direction to develop a novel medicine for various diseases.

The beneficial effect of cassava processing effluents and solid waste materials on plants is generating scientific interest in research which continues to raise significant attention specifically in maize plant. Therefore this study is focusing on the biological implications of cassava waste peels on the physico-chemical and antioxidant properties of maize seeds.

Maize seedlings (Zea mays) were purchased from Uselu market in Benin City, Edo state, Nigeria. The seedlings were sorted, cleaned, and tested for viability using the method of floatation. The soil samples for planting the maize were collected from five (5) different points (A, B, C, D and E) close to a local cassava mill. The maize plants were grown for four weeks and subjected to the same atmospheric condition in the green house located in the premises. Laboratory analysis of the growth parameters, biomass activities, soil profile, and antioxidant properties were carried out each week for a period of four (4) weeks on the growing maize plants of the various soil samples.

the results recorded significant changes (p>0.05) in the growth parameters, biomass activities, soil analysis, and antioxidant properties among the various groups during a period of four (4) weeks.

It is believed that the effluent from cassava processing site/plant when discharged on agricultural land causes biological and physiochemical changes as well increase in growth rate and biomass activities which are beneficial to the soil.

Increasing antibiotic resistance in microorganisms and the advantages that natural compounds have over synthetic chemicals led to more investigation of plant resources. Rosa damascena is one of the valuable species of the Rosaceae family that has different therapeutic effects. This review studies the antimicrobial effects of R. damascene and its derivation in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease and bibliometric analysis at the family level.

Data collection was done from Scopus and Web of Science databases and after choosing the database that published the most data, the information was analyzed by VOSviewer and Bibliometrix-package.

The results of most research show the antimicrobial effect of this plant against human pathogens. The bibliometric results of 412 searched documents also revealed that most of the published documents belong to the countries of China, Iran and Turkey. The process of publishing documents over the years has generally increased and the keyword "Rosaceae" has been used more than others.

In this review article, scientific documents related to the role of R. damascene and its derivation showed this plant have potential in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases such as dental caries, periodontal diseases.

One of the application areas of nanobiotechnology is the use of silver nanoparticles (Nanosilver particles) for a new solution in medical treatments. In the present study, the researchers investigate the effect of nano silver particles of the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri on skin wound healing among male rats.

After creating wounds in 48 rats, they were randomly divided into 6 groups. Treated with 0.2% AgNPs ointment, 0.2% AgSO4 ointment,   0.2% A. aucheri  ointment, 3% tetracycline ointment, Eucerin basal ointment, and untreated control group. The tested groups were treated for ten days.

Treatment with AgNPs ointment significantly increased the amount of vascular contraction, hexose amine and hydroxyproline, and fibrocyte and fibrocyte to fibroblast ratio. Also, in the mentioned group, the wound area and the total number of cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes decreased significantly compared to other groups. 

The nano silver particles of the aqueous extract of A. aucheri accelerate the healing process of skin wounds and reduce the time required for complete wound healing.