فصلنامه یافته
سال بیست و پنجم شماره 2 (پیاپی 96، تابستان 1402)

The mandibular bone, similar to other bones in the human body, has a number of effective anatomical features that the use of radiographic images of these features can be effective in various findings, such as forensic dentistry. The present study aimed to estimate age, gender, and height by measuring the anthropometric radiographic indices of the mandible in 20-50-year-olds of Iranian race.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 people (50 female and 50 male) who were referred to the Orthodontics Department of Ilham Dental School in 2018. The required information was extracted and recorded from patients' panoramic radiographs. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and SPSS (version 22) software.

The results of this study showed no significant difference between any of the studied variables with age (P>0.05). However, a significant difference was observed between mandibular width, mandibular height, gonial angle, mandibular canal, and the superior-inferior position of the mandibular foramen with gender and height (P<0.05). Moreover, no significant difference was found between the location of the mental foramen and the posterior and anterior position of the mandibular foramen with height (P>0.05). In addition, although no significant difference was seen between the antegonial angle and gender, the antegonial angle had a significant relationship with height (P<0.04).

There is a significant relationship between skeletal variables and gender and height, and it may be possible to determine the gender and height of individuals by evaluating radiomorphometric indices.

Functional disorder of the nervous system is one of the consequences of type 2 diabetes. Aβ-40 and IGF-1 are probably involved in this mechanism. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic training on Aβ-40 and IGF-1 proteins in the hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes.

A total of 32 8-week-old male Wistar rats were placed in 4 groups: control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes training (DT), and training (T). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. The training was performed for six weeks. To measure proteins, the ELISA method was used, and a one-way ANOVA test was used for data analysis.

The amount of Aβ-40 in group D was different from that of DT, T, and C groups (P<.05). The DT group displayed a significant difference from the C and T groups (P<.05). Aβ-40 levels were not different between T and C groups (P=0.604). The amount of IGF-1 in the D group was lower compared to all groups (P=0.001). Nonetheless, the DT group had no difference from the C and T groups (P>.05). The amount of IGF-1 in the T group was different only from the D group (P=0.001). The positive (Aβ-40) and negative (IGF-1) correlations were observed with blood glucose (P=0.001, r=0.850 and P=0.001, r=-0.814).

Diabetes increases Aβ-40 and decreases IGF-1. Nevertheless, exercise moderates the effect of diabetes on them. Considering the appropriate duration of exercise and the correlation of these proteins with blood glucose, an increase in the intensity of aerobic training may further regulate the negative effect of diabetes on these two proteins.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a promising peptide for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the potential for therapeutic use of native GLP-1 is limited due to its extremely short half-life (a few minutes). In this research, a modified protease-resistant glucagon-like peptide-1 (mGLP-1) and a human serum albumin-binding DARPin connected by flexible and helical rigid linkers were designed to increase the half-life of this therapeutic peptide.

In this study, the primary and secondary structures of designed fusion proteins were computationally studied, and some of their properties were predicted. The 3D model of the fusion proteins was created using the trRosetta server, and molecular docking between the fusion proteins and their respective receptors was conducted in the ClusPro server.

The results showed that the helical rigid linker (EAAAK)3 produced the best structure and stability for the designed fusion protein, and the fusion protein could preserve the original structure of the GLP-1 and DARPin molecules. The results of protein-ligand docking confirmed the interaction of fusion proteins with respectable receptors.

When developing new fusion proteins, displaying and validating the domains of the designed structure is essential for comparing the efficiency and functionality with its natural homolog. The results of this study demonstrated that the mGLP-1-(EAAAK)3-DARPin fusion protein could be used in stability engineering to increase the half-life of the GLP-1 peptide drug in combination with HSA-binding DARPin.

The unstable condition of tracheostomy patients and the lack of support resources for patients and their families during discharge is the biggest challenge, especially for their home and non-professional caregivers. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting the care of tracheostomy patients provided by home caregivers.

This qualitative research was conducted from September 2018 to December 2019 using the content analysis method and interviews with nine home caregivers and one professional caregiver in Lorestan Province, Iran. The required data were collected by holding in-depth semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching data saturation. Simultaneously, the gathered data were analyzed using the 5-step approach of Graneheim and Lundman (2004).

The results led to the extraction of 2 themes of preventing and facilitating care factors, 7 categories, and 21 subcategories. The categories related to the theme (preventing factors) of patient care challenges included neglecting the caring role of informal caregivers by the healthcare system, interaction challenges, the high pressure of caregiving, and lack of trust. The categories related to the facilitating factors theme were the experience of the care facilitating over time, the intensification of care with the aim of prevention, and hope and inner satisfaction underlying the care.

The challenges of the family's lack of readiness to accept the new role, the exhausting nature of caregiving, and the caregivers’ lack of skills, and as a result, the imposition of a burden of caregiving, and the emergence of harmful consequences for them in various dimensions, the existence of non-governmental organizations that aim to continue to care for these patients and support their families seems necessary. With support systems and gaining experience over time, the care transition process is facilitated.

Using baking soda and salt in preparing bread has different health effects on consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the amount of baking soda, the percentage of salt, and the pH value in all kinds of bread produced in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran, in 2019.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on bread consumed in Khorramabad during 12 months. The total number of samples was equal to 72 samples, including 24 Berber bread, 24 Sangak bread, and 24 lavash bread. The pH value, percentage of salt, and baking soda of baked samples, in each bread sample and in each season, was determined by standard method 2628.

The max and min pH values were observed in Berber (6.47) and Sangak (5.10) breads, respectively. The max and min percentage of salt was observed in Berber and Sangak breads and lavash, respectively. In all the analyzed breads, on average, the min and max salt percentages were equal to 0.39 and 1.67, respectively.

Although the amount of baking soda in the preparation of bread has decreased compared to the last decade, the results of this study and other studies show that the unauthorized use of baking soda in the preparation of bread, especially Sangak and Berber, is still continuing in the country, especially in Khorramabad. Therefore, carrying out control and monitoring measures to manage this health problem should be considered in a consistent and continuous manner.

There is much evidence-based research on the anti-cancerous effect of antioxidants. Dihydroxyphenylethanol is a potent antioxidant that has several activities, such as oxidant stress control, cell proliferation inhibitory activity, and apoptosis induction. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dihydroxyphenylethanol on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde level in the HCT-116 cell line.

In this study, a human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 was treated with different concentrations of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol (50, 100, 150, and 200 μM) for 24 h. Then, the level of malondialdehyde and activity of enzymes of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured by colorimetric methods.

The results showed that 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol administration resulted in significant reduction of the malondialdehyde concentration and also significant increase of the antioxidant enzymes (e.g., catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in the treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05).

Overall, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethanol may result in reduction of oxidative stress on HCT-116 line through changes in concentration of the malondialdehyde and antioxidant enzymes activity.

Aging can lead to a decrease in cardiac function and an increase in oxidative stress in the heart, which leads to cellular aging through mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and genistein (Ge) consumption in the heart tissue of elderly rats.

In this experimental study, 30 female Sprague-Dawley rats aged 18 to 24 months were selected and divided into five groups of six rats, including 1) HIIT, 2) Ge, 3) HIIT + Ge, 4) control, and 5) sham. During eight weeks, groups 2 and 3 received 60 mg of Ge dissolved in DMSO per kilogram of body weight daily, and group 5 received 60 mg of DMSO per kilogram of body weight per day intra-peritoneally. In addition, groups 1 and 3 ran on the treadmill three times per week. For statistical analysis of data, Shapiro-Wilk, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's post-hoc test were used.

High-intensity interval training had a significant effect on increasing GPx and MDA (P<0.05), Ge led to a significant decrease in SOD (P<0.05); however, HIIT with Ge had not interactive effects on improving SOD, GPx, and MDA (P<0.05).

It seems that the antioxidant system is dependent on the intensity of exercise and the dose of genistein. Therefore, HIIT and Ge in this study have no interactive effect on the oxidant-antioxidant system in the heart of elderly rats.

In the present study, the solvent effect (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) of the extraction on the content of phenol, flavonoid, and the antioxidant activity of six medicinal plants, including Persian oak fruit hull (Quercus brantii), Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, Teucrium polium, Rosa foetida Herrm, and mountain barberry (Berberis integerrima) was investigated.

To measure phenol and flavonoid content, folin ciocaltio and aluminum chloride reagents were used, respectively, and to measure the antioxidant potential, the DPPH method was used. The content of phenol and flavonoid compounds was calculated as mg equivalent of gallic acid and catechin per gram of dry weight of the plant, respectively. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS software (version 14).

According to the obtained results, the amount of phenol and flavonoid in the hydroalcoholic extract of oak fruit hull Quercus brantii, Zataria multiflora, German Matricaria chamomilla, and mountain barberry was more than the aqueous extract, and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest content of phenol and flavonoid were related to the hydroalcoholic extract of oak by 310.2 ± 2.5 mg/g and 241.2 ± 1 mg/g, respectively, and the lowest amounts were related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (53.1±1.1 mg/g) and the aqueous extract of acorn (23.9±1.5 mg/g), respectively. The highest antioxidant activity (IC50) was related to oak fruit-hull hydroalcoholic extract (39.1±4.4 µg/ml), and the lowest was related to the aqueous extract of Matricaria chamomilla (315.3±3.3 µg/ml).

The findings of this study showed that the solvent used to extract plants is a significant factor in separation of phenol and flavonoid compounds as well as their antioxidant activity.