نشریه علوم ورزش
پیاپی 49 (بهار 1402)

The Purpose study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors affecting sustainable incomes in sports of the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation. The research method was qualitative and performed using a systematic design of data-based theory. In-depth and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed by Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. The statistical population of the study included experts in this field.  Fifteen people were selected for interviews and obtaining the necessary information related to the subject under investigation in a completely non-probabilistic manner using theoretical and targeted snowball techniques. The validity of the research findings (interviews) was confirmed by the interviewees. Two evaluators were used to calculate the reliability of the interview using the intra-subject agreement method (0/83) In order to analyze the data, open and axial and selective coding were used.  101 basic conceptual propositions with 17 categories and 85 concepts in the form of 6 dimensions of a paradigm model were obtained. The results indicate that the most important effective indicators include economic and managerial factors, education and development, technical management policies and competitive advantage, sports goals, economic and managerial function, economic, organizational and cultural factors and communication. Therefore, it is suggested that in order to stabilize the income system in sports, the Martyr and Veterans Affairs Foundation, according to the identified factors, management policies such as removing obstacles and designing effective financial resources to promote the stability of the income system should be determined and implemented.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the relationship between brand love and the immediate purchase of sports customers mediated by hedonistic consumption tendency in Iranian Basketball Premier League players. The method used in this research was descriptive-correlational and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was the players of the Iranian Basketball Premier League (men and women) in 2020 (364 people). 146 people were selected as a statistical sample using G-Power software by stratified random sampling. Descriptive and inferential methods and structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach were used to analyze the data. The results showed that brand love, instant shopping and hedonistic consumption tendency were higher than the hypothetical average. The tendency to hedonistic consumption also mediates the partial (not complete) effect of brand love on the immediate purchase of sports customers. The coefficient of determining brand love and instant purchase was equal to 0.390 and 0.446, respectively, which indicated a good fit of the model. Therefore, is better for sports brand managers to identify people who love the brand through continuous monitoring of customers and needs assessment. It is also suggested that sports brand managers use the potential of social media to encourage customers to buy instantly in order to improve instant shopping.

Despite the proving of the negative effects of dehydration, many athletes use of this strategy yet. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dehydration with different degrees on serum levels of enzymes biomarker muscle damage in professional wrestlers in Ahvaz city. Among the professional wrestlers in Ahvaz city, after screening, 40 wrestlers were selected and randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. Experimental groups underwent dehydration at three levels of mild, moderate and severe. The plasma levels of Creatine Kinase (CK) and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by enzyme kinetics method. for intragroup comparison and intergroup comparison, were used of the dependent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test respectively at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that plasma CK levels increased significantly in the moderate and severe dehydration groups and LDH levels increased only in the severe dehydration group (P <0.05). Also, in the intergroup comparison of CK levels, it was observed that there was a significant difference between the severe dehydration group and other groups, as well as the moderate dehydration group and other groups (P <0.05). But no significant difference was observed between the moderate and severe dehydration groups (P <0.05). Also, the results of comparison between groups of LDH showed that only the difference between the severe dehydration group with other groups was significant (P <0.05) and the difference between the other groups was not significant (P <0.05). According to the results of this study, it is suggested that to prevent the possibility of muscle damage and consequently reduced the exercise performance, avoided the dehydration of more than 1% in one session and if necessary, dehydrate in more sessions and for longer.

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) and traditional resistance training (TRT) on serum irisin and insulin resistance index in overweight men in Hamadan. In this study, 36 overweight men with a body mass index above 24 were selected as a sample and randomly divided into three control groups: HIRT and TRT. Subjects in the TRT training group performed resistance training with an intensity of 70% of one maximal repetition and the HIRT training group performed an eight-week resistance training protocol with an intensity of 85% of a maximal repetition. Before and after exercise, irisin, insulin resistance index Waist period size, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and body mass index were measured, and the results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significant using Tukey post hoc test.The results showed that high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) caused significant changes in irisin (P <0.05) and insulin resistance index (P <0.05), but these changes were not significant in the traditional training group (TRT) (P> 0.05). ).Both training methods caused changes in serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men compared to the control group, but high-intensity resistance training had a greater effect on changing serum irisin levels and insulin resistance index in overweight men than traditional exercises.

The current study was to examine the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption on MMP-9, TIMP-2 in overweight women. In semi experimental study with pre-post phases, 60 overweight women with age range 20-30 years old selected and those located in 4 groups: aerobic training, L argenine supplement consumption, aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption and placebo. Blood sampling collected in pretest phase (48 hours before physical activity and supplement consumption) and post test phase (48 hours after physical activity and supplement consumption). The training protocol consisted of 8 weeks of aerobic training, which was held three sessions per week. Participants in two groups of daily 1g of L argentine supplement. Participants in the placebo group also received a placebo from dextrin. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that aerobic training, L argenine supplement consumption and aerobic training along with L argenine supplement consumption significantly increase MMP-9 and significantly reduce TIMP-2 in overweight women. Other results showed a greater effect size of aerobic training with L argenine supplement consumption compared to aerobic training and L argenine supplement consumption alone in increase MMP-9 and reduce TIMP-2. In general, along with aerobic exercise, taking L-arginine supplements (probably) can further stimulate the angiogenesis process in overweight women.

This study has developed a model and examined the effective factors for the development of sports programs in Khuzestan Central Broadcasting. The research is considered as applied research in terms of purpose, and it's considered as descriptive-causal research in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study included all sports managers of the province (General Department of Sports and Youth of the province and sports delegations), experts of sports management of the province, and senior managers and specialists of Khuzestan Central Broadcasting. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. In order to evaluate the standardization of face validity questionnaire and also through Cronbach's alpha test, the reliability of the questionnaire has been confirmed. After distributing the questionnaire by census among all statistical population, 275 correct questionnaires were collected and then analyzed. All data analysis was performed using SPSS 22 and Smart PLS software. In structural equation modeling, the results showed that all four factors of individual, managerial, organizational and human resources management have a significant effect on the development of sports programs in the Khuzestan Central Broadcasting and in this regard, environmental factors and marketing factors have a moderating role. The achievements of this research have a comprehensive and long-term view on the development of sports programs of Khuzestan Central Broadcasting, so that the localized model in this research can pave the way for managers in developing medium and long-term strategies in the field of content production and broadcasting from different dimensions.

The purpose of the present study was to explore and present a systematic data-based model for enhancing social capital in the Sports and Youth Departments of Isfahan Province. The nature of exploratory research falls into the category of applied research. The statistical population of the study included all experts in the field of sports management and senior executives of the province's sports management; in fact, were considered as the statistical population of the study. For sampling, purposeful sampling and snowballing techniques were used for the interviews, and the data were theoretically saturated after 11 interviews. For data collection, a semi-structured interview was used. The criteria of Skinner et al. were used to measure the validity of the data, and re-test reliability method was used to measure reliability. Because of the novelty of the research and the possible limitations of the data, the triangulation approach was generally used for data collection. The data analysis process was based on three stages of open, axial, and selective coding, and software Maxqda version 12 was used for this purpose. The results showed that sub-codes (concepts) of causal conditions included interpersonal and individual factors, attitudes and values, social cooperation and institutional trust; phenomenon-based sub-codes included cognitive and structural factors; sub-codes of contextual conditions included case management, individual satisfaction, meritocracy, training, and self-esteem; sub-codes of intervening conditions included respect for actions, structural and behavioral barriers, and social anomie; sub-codes of strategies included empowerment, reengineering of structure, monitoring and supervision, support; and finally, sub-codes of the outcomes included knowledge management, group and individual efficiency, and social belonging. The results showed that the pattern of social capital promotion depends on different conditions and if these conditions are available in the sports and youth departments of Isfahan province, we can expect social capital to be promoted. Based on the data theory of the foundation and the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin, it was determined that these conditions are subject to causal, contextual and interventional conditions. In addition, it was determined that in order to promote social capital, it is necessary to adopt appropriate strategies to use them to achieve the desired and expected results.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between team quality and football fans'(Fans of Persepolis Club) engagement by considering the mediating role of emotional satisfaction. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of how to collect descriptive information of correlation type. To collect the required data, Persepolis football team fans (n = 220) were considered as a statistical sample and completed the electronic questionnaires voluntarily. The instrument of the present study was a questionnaire and Team Quality Questionnaire Zhang et al. (1997), Emotional Satisfaction Questionnaire Reynolds & Beatty (1999) and Engagement Questionnaire Researcher-made were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that team quality has an effect on emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans and also the relationship between emotional satisfaction and engagement of fans is positive and significant. Also, the role of positive mediation of emotional satisfaction on the relationship with team quality and fan engagement was confirmed. In general, it can be said that clubs strengthen team quality by using quality players and stars, can affect the engagement of the fans.

movement impairments are movement patterns that occur as compensation for the proper execution of a task. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4-week training based on functional impairment on functional movement screen scores in resistant training athletes with movement impairment. In the present study, 30 resistant training athletes with movement impairment, whose functional movement screen test scores were less than 14, were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and randomly divided into two equal experimental (n= 15) and control (n= 15) groups.  The experimental group performed functional training based on functional impairment for 4 weeks (3 sessions per week and 40 minutes each session) and the control group continued their normal activity.  A paired t-test was used to test for within-group differences and covariance analysis was used to examine between-group differences at the significant level of 0.05. Paired t-test results showed a significant difference in all FMS tests in the post-test compared to the pre-test only in the experimental group (P <0.05). Also, the results of the covariance analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all variables (P <0.05). The scores of all variables in the experimental group were better than the control group. Results showed that four weeks of corrective exercises improved FMS test scores and improved functional impairments in resistant training athletes.

The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for presenting a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran with a combined design approach. The research method was a two-stage exploratory combination of instrument making. Qualitative research method, qualitative case study and potential participants included 17 faculty members. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative part, the research method was descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study included the president, vice president and secretary of sports federations, whose number was 153 according to the 51 active federations in the country. According to Morgan's table, 113 people were identified as the research sample based on the available sampling method. Ten faculty members of sports management were used to evaluate the face validity and the carcass model was used for the content validity of the questionnaire questions and the content validity was confirmed. Convergent validity, hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha were also confirmed. Descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data to evaluate the fit of the research model. The results showed that the amount of t in each factor has a significant effect and the whole framework of the doping-free sport development model in Iran was approved. Also, the results of the present study showed that the presentation of a model for the development of doping-free sports in Iran includes causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, consequences, and strategies. Also, the results of the present study showed that the research model has a good fit.

The purpose of this study is to present an electronic marketing model in the production sector of Iran's sports industry. The method of the present research is mixed (qualitative-quantitative) and structural equations, based on the present time, in terms of applied purpose and in terms of collecting field information. The statistical community in the quality sector includes experts who specialize in sports marketing and have a history of management in sports equipment manufacturing companies. Also, in a small part, including all the managers of companies producing sports equipment in Iran, according to the statistics announced through the official website of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, there are 255 people (236 men and 19 women). Due to the limited statistical population, the statistical sample was selected by the total number method, with the difference that only 238 healthy questionnaires were returned by the managers and the final number of the statistical sample is 238 people (223 males and 15 females). The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part of the interview. The results of this interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with 4 main factors. For construct validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis), Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. The results of the final model were approved in 4 factors: technology, promotion, possibility of ordering online and answering customers' questions. Therefore, it is suggested that managers in their manufacturing companies use technology to update the company and provide conditions in e-marketing to make better use of this space to better promote. Also, the field of holding training courses for employees on responding and dealing appropriately with customers should be foreseen, and in order to receive orders, hold a course to familiarize employees to receive orders.

The role of managers in innovation and moving towards an innovative organization is very vital and can lead to improved performance. Strategic control can also become more effective and influential by creating creativity, innovation and imagination. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of mediation in strategic control in relation to innovation and performance of sport clubs’ managers in Ilam province. The research method is quantitative- correlation and in terms of aim was applicable. Statistic population consisted of 563(410 male, 153 female) which 400 people were selected as sample population by stratified sampling. In order to collect data, three questionnaires were used: Performance Questionnaire of Hersi and Goldsmith (2003), Harrison Strategic Control (2010) and a researcher-made innovation questionnaire. The reliability of the research instruments using Cranach’s alpha method for managers' innovation questionnaire was 0/92, strategic control questionnaire was 0/88 and the performance questionnaire was 0/85. Validity of the questionnaire was carried out through exploratory and confirmatory analysis. For data analysis, factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used. All tests were performed using SPSS and Smart Pls software. The research findings showed that strategic control in terms of innovation and performance of sports club managers plays a mediation. Accordingly, sports club managers should pay special attention to the strategic variables of the organization, such as strategic control, to improve the performance of the club.