نشریه باغ نظر
سال بیستم شماره 124 (مهر 1402)

Problem statement: 

Perception of space is obtained based on a mutual relationship between human being and the environment and following a gradual process. The perception of space is related to all sciences whose concern is “creating a good place to live” for human beings and is grounded in the specialized literature of environmental sciences. However, the concept of perception as an epistemological subject is the concern of other fields of knowledge such as philosophy, something that has not been considered enough by environmental science researchers. Awareness of the essence of perception and explaining its mechanism and role it plays in the knowledge of existence has been considered for a long time by philosophers. Referring and paying attention to the views of our country’s philosophers to clarify the concept and process of perception and its role in the knowledge of urban environment design is the main subject of this research. The effectiveness of philosophers’ views in clarifying the features of perception, its levels, and how the process of perceiving the urban space based on it is the subject of this article.

This study aims to recognize the concept of perception (Apperception) and its practical features in designing the environment using Iranian philosophers’ views.

  This research is descriptive-analytical, and its content is the result of bibliographic studies, analysis of texts, and exploration of the thoughts of selected philosophers using logical reasoning. This research studies the issue of perception from two dimensions, substantive (nature of perception) and procedural (its structure and process) in the field of philosophy and its effectiveness in the field of urban design knowledge.

The research results indicate that getting help from the Iranian philosophers’ thoughts can be useful in clarifying the nature of perception and its four characteristics, including the re-creative process, impressionability, activism, and dynamism, as well as explaining the process of the urban environment perception. Finally, this article uses the two theoretical bases of philosophy and urban design to formulate the conceptual model of the “human-city perceptual relationship” and identifies the function and output of each level of the perceptual process.

Problem statement:

in the last few decades, various changes and developments have caused damage to the historical context of the neighborhoods of Khansar city. Therefore, mesaures should be taken to create sustainability in these neighborhoods. Sustainability in the neighborhood depends on sustainability in four economic, social, cultural, environmental, and physical sectors. To achieve sustainability in the first three parts, one must first achieve sustainability at the physical level, which is the infrastructure and foundation of the other three parts. If there is a need to create physical sustainability at the level of the Polegoosh neighborhood, we need to address the following questions: What are the indicators of physical sustainability? And according to these indicators, what is the level of physical sustainability of the Polegoosh neighborhood?

By expressing the concept of neighborhood sustainability, this research seeks to extract indicators of physical sustainability and evaluate the Polegoosh neighborhood of Khansar based on these indicators.

This research employed the descriptive-analytical method and logical reasoning to extract the physical sustainability indicators based on library and field studies and evaluate the Polegoosh neighborhood based on those indicators. To analyze the Polegoosh neighborhood, this study used three methods of field surveys, the study of the master plan of Khansar city, and in-depth interviews with residents.

The results of the research indicate that the indicators of physical sustainability include seven indicators: building architecture, multi-functionality of public buildings, standard uses, mobility and dynamics, public spaces, proper access, and physical quality. According to the above indicators and based on the analysis and investigations, three indicators of standard uses, proper access, and physical quality are stable in the Polegoosh neighborhood; the architectural index of buildings is semi-stable and the three indicators: multi-functionality of public buildings, dynamic and public spaces are unstable.

Problem statement: 

Education and educational spaces have been one of the basic pillars of the formation, development, and transfer of cultural components in every period. The school as a space has undergone fundamental changes during different periods and under the influence of various factors. However, with this progress and technology, cultural values and concepts rooted in architecture are faint in contemporaneous Iranian architecture.

This research examines the modernity in the architecture of Iranian and Japanese schools; it examines the architectural developments and related cultural content in Iran and Japan during different periods. The reason for choosing these two countries was their rich background in traditional architecture.

the research is qualitative and comparative (a lens comparative study). It used the library research method to collect data by referring to previous books and studies in different periods. Finally, it described and analyzed the concepts and principles of space created in the architecture of these schools.

The reviews show discontinuity in the cultural sequence at the beginning of modernity in the countries, which has caused the deprivation of native culture among newly arrived cultures. Japan, after a period, has re-examined various factors and tried to use the native culture in the new era proportionately to the culture of the society; this path has led to the formation of its living culture. However, this process in Iran has not taken the right path and has caused a failure to transfer the rich culture to the new era. Finally, it is necessary to examine the chief characteristics of each period and transfer cultural characteristics in a new form to maintain the cultural sequence.

Problem statement: 

Exhibition spaces are places where organizations, institutions, companies, and individuals provide their audiences with their latest achievements, products, developments, and innovations while also using the same space to make their consumers familiar with the goals their business entities seek. With this objective in place, the main goal of exhibitors joining an exhibition is to increase the number of visits to their booths. By designing the booths based on visitors’ optimal movement and their behavioral patterns, the act of visiting the exhibition booths can be turned into something balanced and purposeful. The arrangement of exhibition booths can result in the identification of indicators that can contribute to the creation, guidance, and prediction of visitors’ movements in and across the planned spaces.

The purpose of the research is to explain the relationship between the body of the space and the movement behavior of users. Explaining the relationship between the body of the space and the user’s movement behavior, which is determined by examining the analytical charts and tables produced by the software. Achieving the optimal pattern of relationships between access indicators, which is to improve the architectural quality of the exhibition space by promoting human communication and interaction.

The qualitative-quantitative method of research was employed in the current paper. In the section on the theoretical foundation, the descriptive-analytical method was used for the data-gathering process with a deep focus on library searching and documentary studies. The results, reviewed by specialists and experts, were based on the comments of the statistical community using the Delphi Method. The content analysis method was used for the quantitative data using Mic Mac, Scenario Wizard Software, and Depth Map. The final result here in this research method is applicable. In terms of nature, it is a combination of simulation and descriptive-analytical methods, and in the final step, logical reasoning was also used.

Based on the analysis of layout patterns and space syntax, the results of the research prove that the optimal movement pattern of the users of the exhibition space is affected by the layout of the exhibition booths, all based on the common linking indicators, access length-depth, and routes in expressing the importance of communication. The checkered pattern (the third pattern and as a balanced design idea) shows the access points—the ones that enjoy spatial openness all due to the construction of blocks and permeability attempting at creating spatial contrast. This area was created to form a central point in this space. The space defined by centrality leads to the formation of peripheral orders and correct interconnectedness.

Problem Statement: 

There has always been an interaction between the spatial structure of the house and social and cultural factors. Women and their new positions at home and in society have been influential factors in house structure changes in the last few centuries. As a place that plays a crucial role in identifying and reproducing social values, the house has always changed to express and harmonize with the residents’ beliefs. Since today the trend of changes in women’s roles and social identity is changing rapidly, examining the developments in the past few centuries, identifying the influential factors, strategies applied, and the results of these changes can be an excellent way to predict and present patterns suitable for the house in the future.

The purpose of this article is to compare the spatial structure between the houses of the 17th to 21st century in Europe with the houses of Iran from the Qajar period until now by focusing on the social status of women. For this purpose, the evolution of spatial organization in Iran and Europe was examined separately then the differences and similarities between them in the same period were scrutinized.

This study employed the interpretive-historical method, logical reasoning, and comparative analogy to investigate the relationship and the two-way effects of the spatial structure of the house and the social position of women by using the longitudinal and transverse analogy.

The results show that there is a direct relationship between women’s social status improvement and the composition of the gender domains of the home. With the improvement of this position, the spatial quality of feminine territories has increased, and many gender valuations of spaces and functions have been eliminated, which has finally led to the balancing of gender roles in the home.

Problem statement: 

Architecture and its relationship to historical, social, cultural, economic, and political factors have been well-established. Recent developments in these fields have visibly impacted architecture. The first Pahlavi period is widely regarded as one of Iran’s most important historical periods, where its tendencies and ideologies were expressed through architectural feats that reflected the political changes occurring at the time, alongside considerable advancements in various fields, making it a period of great significance for analysis and understanding. However, previous research only discusses the influences of independent factors and neglects the power structure’s role and effectiveness levels in shaping architecture during the first Pahlavi period in Iran.

 Research objective:

Therefore, this study aims to investigate the power structure’s network and its influence on the architecture during this time. Specifically, this research seeks to answer two questions: what were the key components that influenced the power structure, and how did they impact the architecture of the first Pahlavi period?

This qualitative study utilized a descriptive-analytical framework and relied on library sources, documents, and an intensive review of theoretical literature.

The findings suggest the power structure effectively influenced the architecture of the first Pahlavi period through the dominance of Reza Shah, the importance of ancient Iran, Western policies, European experts, and the growth of technology. The power structure penetrated both government and personal buildings at different levels, leading to the modernization of Iran’s architecture. These interventions created urban, social, and activity infrastructures at macro, medium, and micro levels. Therefore, the power structure significantly shaped the architecture of the first Pahlavi period in Iran.