نشریه تغییرات اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 76، بهار 1402)

All societies must have a level of tolerance in order to have social cohesion and society members not to distance themselves from each other. This means that social coexistence requires accepting the diversity of cultures, ethnicities, different racial, religious groups, etc. Tolerating differences and accepting others with different tendencies and characteristics can be the cause of the stability of any society and thus the factor of its growth and development. This article studies the factors affecting the level of social tolerance in Iran, and for this purpose, secondary data has been used, which was surveyed globally by Ronald Ingelhart about the values ​​of different societies. The various factors investigated in this article are: level of education, religiosity, class, income, age and gender as independent variables whose relationship with the level of social tolerance of people in Iran has been measured. The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between education, religiosity, class, income, age and gender and the level of social tolerance at the level of 0.000. Therefore, all the hypotheses raised in this research have been confirmed. Also, the regression analysis shows that among the independent variables mentioned in the research, the level of education has the highest effect in predicting changes in the level of social tolerance, and the variables of religiosity, age, and gender are in the next ranks, with a total of 354. They predict percentage changes in social tolerance.

The purpose of the current research is to analyze the duality of social hope and despair. The present research method is qualitative based on grounded theory. Sampling was done theoretically and face-to-face, in-depth interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with 20 experts, including experts and university professors with relevant research experience. The results showed that the core categories of social hope in Iran include "the possibility of dynamism and transformation, predicting suitable opportunities in the future, imagining a better, more secure future, and a positive response to a bright future". The main categories of social despair in Iran include "social dissatisfaction, tense social environment, social alienation". The causal conditions of social hope include "dynamism and progress, reproduction of motivation, sense of efficacy and control over the environment". The causal factors of social despair include "feeling of danger and There is a risky society, the media and content are all disappointing, a negative evaluation of the future, exhaustion". The background conditions of social hope are "hope for adaptation in a bright future, social dynamism and vitality, fulfillment of basic needs" and the background conditions of social despair include "fear of a vague and unpredictable future. Perceived day-to-day discrimination is "social issues". Intervening conditions include "the dignity and honor of citizens, aspirational capacity of the society" and the intervening conditions of social despair include "not having a clear horizon for tomorrow, weakening of systemic legitimacy, disruption in the vital functions of society". The consequences of social hope are "social health, social stability, vitality" and the consequences of social hopelessness were obtained in the order of "future fear, reproduction of acute social issues, confrontation of need and deprivation, prevalence of collectivism approach, confrontation of need and deprivation, collectivism". Finally, the strategy of increasing social hope in Iran including "intensifying positive emotions, increasing social trust, participation and social interactions, providing the possibility of social mobility and increasing social support" was proposed.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of spiritual leadership based on the follower self-esteem on the students' perceptions quality academic performance. To this end, a survey type, library-descriptive research method was employed. The statistical population of the study was all students of the Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, including 21720 students. The statistical sample of the study included 378 students based on Krejcie and Morgan table. The sampling method was random, determined according to the number of male and female students. In this study, four questionnaires were used: standard spiritual leadership, organizational citizenship behavior, follower self-esteem, and quality of academic performance questionnaires. The reliability and validly of the questionnaires were re-examined and were confirmed. To analyze the date, having ensured their normality, the authors used structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses. The results revealed that spiritual leadership through the mediating role of the follower self-esteem has a significant positive effect on the citizenship behavior, which shows the effectiveness of   spiritual leadership. Moreover, it was found that organizational citizenship behavior has a meaningful positive effect on the students’ academic performance. The indirect effect of spiritual leadership on the students’ academic performance was meaningful as well.

The expansion of organizations has caused inconsistencies among units such as public relations, marketing, and market development. In such competitive conditions, organizations should use integrated marketing communications as one of the most effective investment methods to ensure the creation and maintenance of long-term relationships with their current and potential customers. In this regard, this research has been conducted to design a model for integrated marketing communications to change consumer behavior in the qualitative stage. In this research, in the qualitative part, semi-structured interviews and database theory were used to collect data. The statistical population of the qualitative section was 16 marketing professors and creative industry experts who were selected purposefully. After the theoretical saturation in the interview, the recorded data were implemented for analysis and the necessary coding was done. The set of data obtained after the continuous process of open, central, and selective coding in the form of 103 available codes, 60 concepts, 15 categories, and 6 classes based on a systematic approach (intervening conditions, causal conditions, central conditions, consequences, strategies, This most influential and contextual conditions) became .

Considering the necessity of life`s needs in the latest era, rapid socio-cultural changes and family structural evolutions, had encountered human binges with many challenges; which psychological-social abilities are required to deal with these troubles. The lack o social skills, has made human lives vulnerable while dealing with problems.

The present article was done with the aim to investigate the social skills and its role on the prevention and reduction of social skills among the spouses of Yasouj City.

The method of research is survey correlation. Statistical population and sample:  The statistical society are all the spouses in 2011-2016 who were 24792 in 2021; among them 599 spouses were chosen and studied in random quota method through Sample Power software. Instruments: The theoretical framework was codified through the sociological theories. The measurement instruments was researcher-made questionnaire. Validity and Reliability: The validity of questionnaire was estimated through virtual validity and the reliability was approved and gained through Cronbach Alpha.

The obtained results of factor analysis indicated five skills of sympathy and cooperation, social values observance, coping skill, self-governance and relations with friends which were identified as the dimensions of social skills of spouses in Yasouj city. The results of multiple regression also revealed a significant effect of these five skills on the prevention and reduction of the spouses’ social damages(P<0.05). In addition, these five skills simultaneously predict 64% of the prevention and reduction of spouses’ social damages; in which the social values observance with(β=-0.399), the sympathy and cooperation skill with(β=-0.284), the coping skills with(β=-0.27), the self-governance with(β=-0.06) and the relations with friends skill with(β=-0.026) can prevent and reduce the spouses’ social damages in overall.

Social skills features would be effective on the prevention and reduction of social damages among the spouses in Yasouj city.

Tehran is facing environmental issues. To solve this problem, it is necessary to investigate the lifestyle and daily habits of the citizens. Based on this, the purpose of the research is to investigate the relationship between lifestyle with emphasis on material consumption and environmental behavior. The theoretical framework of the research is Veblen's ostentatious consumption theory. This research is based on a quantitative approach and a survey method and questionnaire collection tool. The statistical population includes residents of eight districts of Tehran. The sample size based on Cochran's formula was 384 people, and due to the large population of the statistical population, a sample size of 810 people was selected. The data was analyzed using statistical tests. The findings showed that as the lifestyle moves towards materialistic consumption, the amount of supportive environmental behavior decreases. The average environmental behavior of women and men, single and married has a significant difference. And the average shows that more women than men and married people have more supportive environmental behavior than single people. The average of environmental behaviors is different based on age periods and there is no relationship between environmental behavior and education

Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Rural communities play an important role in the balanced development of the country. Given the issues and problems facing rural communities, the pursuit of sustainable social development in the form of participation, security, customs and public awareness of the villagers seems a necessity. The advent of modern technology, the change in the production structure, the social and economic indicators of rural life have changed and led to the emergence of social anomalies and migration to cities and the reduction of the young generation and consequently the erosion of rural fabric and housing. East Azerbaijan province, as one of the agricultural hubs of Iran, has 2591 villages. Of these, 1067 villages in the province are located in the mountains, so the statistical population of this study is 1067 villages, of which 25 villages have been selected as a sample that had the necessary characteristics for this study. In this study, to measure social and cultural sustainability, effective indicators and criteria have been identified in mountainous villages.By performing various tests using a researcher-made questionnaire in the form of 21 questions, the impact of social sustainability indicators on Empowerment of rural communities confirms the mountainous area of ​​the province. Therefore, the main question of the present study is that according to the heads of rural households in the mountainous area of ​​East Azerbaijan province, what criteria and indicators in terms of socio-cultural sustainability have the greatest impact on improving the quality of life in ?

The purpose of this study was to explain sociologically the role of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes in the Olympic disciplines. In the present study, the method has been used. The statistical sample could be evaluated in the age group of 15 to 32 years and a total of 204 questionnaires by the total number method and with the knowledge of the ten Olympic disciplines and the introduction of the mentioned from the mentioned sports disciplines. The results of the frequency of athletes' responsiveness in the index of cooperation and collaboration in peace-loving changes showed that the result of dividing the chi-square index by the degree of freedom is equal to 2.70. The root mean square index of estimation error (RMSEA) in this model is equal to 0.029, which is within the allowable RMSEA limit of 0.80. The results of the study showed that the specific situation of the sport, which is team and individual, and violent and non-violent, can be effective on cooperation and joint efforts in changing the peace of friendship and related approaches. It is suggested to conduct more research in this field in the country as well as comparative studies related to other countries.