نشریه مدیریت کسب و کارهای بین المللی
سال ششم شماره 2 (پیاپی 22، تابستان 1402)

In this research, the factors affecting the internationalization of knowledge-based enterprises in traditional as well as early pathways have been studied to present a model that gains its dynamics both from receiving feedback on factors and from the diversity of the conditions governing the international business environment. In this regard, we considered the knowledge-based enterprises active in Iran's herbal medicine industry that are classified as small and medium enterprises. In the beginning, 14 main factors affecting the internationalization of companies are determined. Then, using the fuzzy cognitive map technique, the relations and neural concepts governing the factors affecting the internationalization of the studied companies are evaluated for two different situations related to before and after the international sanctions in Iran, and finally, the dynamic model of internationalization for knowledge-based enterprises is proposed using the definition of internationalization including the three dimensions of time, scope and scale, also the value of importance and variation of internationalization factors in two aforesaid situations. The data analysis shows that the application of the existing approaches in the internationalization literature of companies, which are often presented in a non-dynamic way, is not effective for knowledge-based companies alone, and requires an integrated approach, taking into account the feedback of the concepts that are compatible with the current conditions of business.

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating customer experience management in B2B markets to identify the elements that shape customer experience at the points of customer interaction with the organization and the antecedents and consequences of customer experience management, to provide a comprehensive model for customer experience management in shipping companies. For this purpose, according to the theoretical gap regarding the subject of the research, the Qualitative research method of Grounded theory has been used. The data selected by purposive and theoretical sampling method.The data collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with executive managers of manufacturing, trading and forwarding companies that use the container line of the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping lines to transport export and import goods. Then, after conducting 22 interviews, theoretical adequacy was achieved. In order to measure the trustworthiness of the research, the indicators of credibility, dependability, confirmability, transformability have been used. The results of data coding and analysis show that customer experience management in Maritime transportation includes three stages: Pre-sea transport stage, sea transport and Post-sea transport stage.The antecedents of customer experience management were identified and analyzed in the form of a model of causal conditions, intervening conditions and contextual conditions. Subsequently, in order to improve the customer experience and provide the final model, value creation strategies for customers and the organization and the consequences of their implementation in the marine transportation industry have been introduced and discussed.

Natural Hazards, political crises, economic tensions, social unrest are the internal and external threats of the countries, to solve them the issue of resilience is raised and implemented. Resilience is defined as the ability to regain internal balance and stable performance in shocks. Resilience of supply chains is very important. Suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors are the main factors of the chain in the process of obtaining raw materials, converting raw materials into final products and distributing and delivering products to consumers, so with the resilience and stability of supply chains, the effects of political crises, Social and natural disasters are at least controlled and return to normal conditions faster. Due to the lack of studies on the effect of knowledge-based economy components on the resilience of the supply chain, this issue has been investigated in selected member countries of the organization of Islamic cooperation (OIC) during the period of 2014-2019 and using panel data and the method of generalized moments in this article. The results showed the four pillars of the knowledge economy: Economic and institutional regime, Education and skills, Innovation system, and Information and Communication Infrastructure, with Business Sophistication and Market Sophistication two pillars of Input Innovation Index, have an effect on the resilience of the supply chain. They are positive and significant, and with the promotion and improvement of each of the mentioned components, the resilience of the supply chain will improve and increase.

In the field of marketing, like other social phenomena, it is necessary to pay attention to the demands of the society as well as to protect the environment. The purpose of the market is not only customer-oriented, but it has been directed towards paying attention to the sensitivities of the society, that attention to the society and the environment should be operationalized in the form of sustainable marketing. This issue is known as a very important issue in knowledge-based export companies. the current research has been conducted with the aim of presenting a sustainable marketing development model , which provides practical and applicable solutions for the development of sustainable marketing that these companies, by being aware of these programs and their correct implementation, can achieve sustainable value-addition as well as sustainable competitive advantage and as a result export development and witness improved performance, increased profitability.This research has been done using the glaser approach and the data has been collected through semi-structured with 14 experts in the field of marketing and specialists of knowledge-based export companies, which after analysis and analyzing the data obtained from the interview, the sustainable marketing development model was presented that this model includes 5 categories (environmental intelligence, technological intelligence, strengthening of core interactions, development of social and green marketing, development of internal and external knowledge) which, according to the opinions of research experts, it has been considered as a strategy for the development of sustainable marketing in knowledge-based export companies.

The purpose of this study is to examine the internal and external precedents affecting the successful entry of companies into export markets using the IPA approach to measure importance-performance. This research is descriptive-survey in terms of practical purpose, in terms of data collection and is quantitative research.

The statistical population of this study was the CEOs, senior managers and experts of the commercial, marketing and export departments of Maroon Petrochemical Company in Khuzestan province, whose number was estimated at 25 people. To answer the research questionnaires, 7 of these people were selected by non-random judgment. The data collection tool was a questionnaire.

IPA analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that among domestic developments, Maroon should improve its performance in relation to both risk factors and international experience. The company must also focus on three factors of external fluctuations: demand fluctuations, trade barriers and economic and political risk, and improve its performance in relation to these factors.

The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying and investigating the motivations for entering into international supplier alliances. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive survey in terms of nature, and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The statistical population of the present study includes the export companies of Bushehr port. The number of these companies is 24, and data was collected from the senior managers of all companies using the census method. Research data were collected using a questionnaire. SPSS and Smart PLS software were used for data analysis. The results obtained from the data analysis indicate that the clarity of the goal, the responsiveness and flexibility of the international supplier, the compatibility of the alliance parties and the organizational capability of the international supplier have an effect on the motivation to enter international supplier alliances. It is positive and meaningful. The trust variable had a negative effect on the motivation to enter the international supplier alliance and this hypothesis was not confirmed.

While many non-Muslim researchers try to explain the personality traits of entrepreneurs by referring to the available words in their holy books, taking care of the Quranic word Tawakkul from a semantic point of view to explain the characteristics of entrepreneurial Tawakkul is one of the topics that has been paid less attention by Muslim researchers. Entrepreneurial Tawakkul is one of the most essential research fields in the domain of business, and identifying its various dimensions is of particular importance. Based on this, present research tries to explain the psychological characteristics of entrepreneurial Tawakkul by paying attention to the word Tawakkul and referring to the meanings of the Quranic verses surrounding it. The method of conducting this research is semantics and the studied society, the entire Holy Quran and interpretations about the verses of Tawakkul. Based on the findings of the present research, the word Tawakkul, while maintaining the literal and idiomatic meaning, has the ability to establish a semantic relationship with four entrepreneurial psychological characteristics, namely "Entrepreneurial uncertainty tolerance", "Entrepreneurial need for achievement", "Entrepreneurial creativity and innovation" and "Entrepreneurial risk-taking". The innovation of this research can be considered an attempt to localize and Islamize knowledge in the field of entrepreneurship in the context of explaining Islamic values and promoting religious norms in business.

The current research explores the role of urban entrepreneurship, digital technologies and smart logistics on sustainable business in the smart city with the role of moderating market turbulence; which is descriptive and correlational in terms of practical purpose and in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the current study was 600 knowledge-based enterprises located in science and technology parks in Tehran, of which 234 were selected based on Morgan's table and using available sampling method. Necessary information about the subject of the research was collected from the entrepreneurs of these companies. Data were collected through a standard questionnaire and analyzed using Smart-Pls software. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was measured and confirmed using related tests. The results showed that urban entrepreneurship, digital technologies and smart logistics have a positive and significant effect on sustainable business in the smart city. Also, the moderating effect of market turbulence in the relationship between digital technologies and sustainable business in the smart city was confirmed.

Today, companies operating in different institutional and cultural environments are facing international strategic challenges. Responding to these challenges requires the ability to be agile and flexible in response to international demands, which requires quick learning from previous experiences. In the meantime, network-based growth can be a key factor to strengthen international success, especially for small and medium-sized companies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the mediating role of network-based growth in the effect of strategic agility on the international success of small and medium enterprises in East Azerbaijan province. This research is quantitative and one of the types of applied studies. Sampling of this study was done by stratified random method and estimation of sample size was done through Cochran's formula. Data collection has been done through a questionnaire, and the relationships between variables have been analyzed by structural equation modeling with the help of SPSS and SmartPLS tools. The results of this study showed that strategic agility has a direct effect on network-based growth and international success. Also, network-oriented growth has a positive effect on international success. Finally, the mediating role of network-based growth in the relationship between strategic agility and international success of small and medium-sized enterprises was obtained. According to the results of the analysis, it can be stated that strategic agility is a key factor in advancing international steps, and in the meantime, networking and growth through which it is easier for small and medium-sized enterprises to achieve optimal international performance.