نشریه قرآن، فرهنگ و تمدن
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 12، تابستان 1402)

In recent centuries, the newly discovered Jewish and Christian books, following the critical approach to the content of the Bible, which was one of the consequences of the Age of Enlightenment, led to a revision of the history and teachings of these religions. In fact, the researchers tried to approach a comprehensive and harmonious reading of the mentioned religions by using the discovered sources. In the meantime, although it is possible to use some data from Islamic sources as an efficient reference, it has not been paid much attention to. The common opinion about this sort of information in Islamic tradition is that according to the common belief of Muslims, all of them were received from the supernatural channel and therefore have no historical value; therefore, it cannot be helpful in solving the problem.  In the first step, this article has paid attention to the Qur'an, and based on the traditions, it has been guided to the inadmissibility of the historical approach to its verses; then the hadiths have been investigated, and the possibility of a historical approach toward them has been proved. In this regard, all traditions related to the history of religions were systematically identified, and their position was understood and determined; then, with the tool of the reference library collection and descriptive-analytical method, narrative reasons and evidence as well as its historical evidence were collected. In the end, the present study achieved four results of having the historical approach to hadiths. It seems that expressing a different report, confirming the contents of the Bible, supplementing the data in the mentioned books and reflecting a new report are the main results of the historical approach to religious traditions that will be effective in the research related to the Bible.

According to the Qur'an, moral motivations are the sources of all moral behaviors by providing a background for practicing moral virtues and avoiding vices, and forming a civil and religious society. At different historical times, different religions and schools have claimed to provide human growth and happiness by presenting several plans and programs. Islam and especially the Holy Qur'an also claim to have responded to this innate human request; therefore, it seems necessary to address this issue. In this regard, the researcher has explained the rational bases of moral motivations in light of the verses of the Holy Quran with descriptive and analytical methods. The results of this research show the multiplicity of human beings' bases towards moral motivation. Some verses are related to the nature and essential truth of the human soul, and other verses are related to love and friendship towards God. If a person moves according to his spiritual nature, he arranges his life according to God's wishes; but if it moves against it and in line with the physical essence, it causes the fall of moral motives due to not using reason

Islamic rules and ethics with a Quranic approach have a strong position in the city and Islamic urban planning, and neglecting it by the people, architects and urban managers brings many urban problems. Ignoring Islamic rules and morals and Quranic orders causes social and economic harm such as poverty, marginalization, unemployment, wealth accumulation, and injustice. This matter has been of great interest in the old markets of Islamic cities; But in recent years and in contemporary shopping centers, it has become less popular. The purpose of this article is to explain the dimensions and examples of Islamic rules and ethics in the city and Islamic urban planning and to analyze it in old markets and contemporary shopping centers from the perspective of Quranic teachings. The study has been done by analyzing the content of the text and by adopting an interdisciplinary approach and using the library method. The results of the research show that traditional markets benefited from Islamic business rules and ethics with mosques and socioeconomic patterns; But this has been replaced in contemporary shopping malls with new patterns that have brought consumerist lifestyles, pretense and show off, deceptive advertisements, disregard for rules and business ethics.

Knowing the conditions and backgrounds that prevailed during the compilation of Qur'an commentaries is an important and worthy subject. The problem of the present research is to investigate the way by which the Quran Commentators of Andalusia were influenced by the Umayyad atmosphere that dominated the geography and culture of that land, and to reflect how the exegetes used historical reports and interpretative traditions in their works. In this regard, the author, by collecting library data and descriptive-analytical processing method, qualitatively evaluated the commentaries of a number of Andalusian commentators; such as Ibn ‘Atīyyah, Qurtubī, Ibn Juzaī Kalbī and Abū Ḥayyān, while they were interpreting the verses of Wilayat, and how they were influenced by the religious and social background of the rulers of the Islamic Maghreb. The findings of the research show that the Umayyad orientation of Andalusian commentators was the basis for their incomplete and one-sided understanding of the verses of Wilāyah. Also, ignoring a significant amount of the Shia and Sunni narrations in the interpretation of these verses was another cause. The mentioned commentators, by taking advantage of explaining the occasion of revelation, mentioning the irrelevant historical reports, too much attention to the literary aspects in the interpretation of the verses, and ignoring other famous explanatory hadiths related to the verses, have offered an interpretation aligned with their own belief and theoretical basis.

Paying attention to the concept of culture from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an in different dimensions can reveal the proper lifestyle to man and familiarizes him with the teachings of the Qur'an in this issue. Considering the two-faceted nature of the concept of culture, it is not easy to find equivalent keywords and terms related to it in the Holy Quran. The purpose of writing this article is to find the equivalents of the word culture, as well as terms that can make culture in the Qur'an. The present article is theoretical research in the field of Quranic culture, and with the exploratory analytical method, it follows the equivalent of the word culture and finding culture-making terms in the Quran. In this regard, general terms like "Sunnah", "Ummah", "Millah", "Din" and "Da'ab" are extracted from the Qur'an as equivalents of the word "culture" and while referring to the Emotional culture-making terms in the Quran, the Quranic words related to the behavioral culture-making words are discovered and expressed. Paying attention to these Quranic terms and their concepts can develop human ethics and behavioral culture based on Quranic teachings.

Social exegesis is one of the emerging trends in the Quranic Commentary and one of the influential events in contemporary hermeneutics. It is clear that this new phenomenon, like any other intellectual and social phenomenon, did not appear suddenly and in a vacuum. This research seeks to answer the question that which factors were effective in forming the Social exegesis of the Quran. The innovation of the current research is to take the Synchrony Approach as one of the new and efficient research methods to find the answer to this question. The Synchrony Approach observes a historical phenomenon in a certain period of history in order to show, among other things, the contexts of its formation. The historical period related to this research is the interval of several decades between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The pondering of the developments of this period shows that social exegesis was formed due to the factors such as the inefficiency of traditional exegesis in responding to new requirements, the multifaceted attack on Islam and religious values, the influence of modern Muslim thinkers from the religious reform movement in Europe, the role of the Quran in the contemporary religious reform movement in the Islamic world, and the social personality of contemporary exegetes. This movement can be seen in the commentaries written after that era and even up to the present time.