نشریه مطالعات دفاعی استراتژیک
پیاپی 93 (پاییز 1402)

Organizational culture is known as the pattern of common and constant beliefs and values of the organization's employees, which has grown and developed over time and is considered the distinguishing feature of each organization from similar organizations. The purpose of the article is to design a model for organizational culture based on organizational values.  The "applied-developmental" type of research was carried out with the "analytical-descriptive" method. The statistical population is 66 experts and experts of the armed forces. The total sample size, and the data were collected with library and field methods and with the tools of research sheet, interview and questionnaire. The data was analyzed with descriptive statistics using SPSS software and confirmatory factor analysis using Smart PLS software. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was measured and confirmed by referring to experts and applying their corrective and supplementary comments in the initial version, and its convergent and divergent validity with Smart PLS software. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability methods.After validating the data, the number of 167 organizational values in the form of 31 components and 136 indicators in the 5 dimensions of "behavioral values", "structural values", "semantic values", "environmental values", and "School and revolutionary values" were organized. The findings of the research show that the dimensions of "behavioral values", "semantic values" and "scholastic and revolutionary values" are the most important and the next components of "scholastic values" have the highest coefficients of factor loadings.

To determine the most important dimensions, components and indicators affecting the evaluation of skills-based training in the Armed Forces, skill-based training was first inferred using the six documents provided in the first step of the conceptual model and then, the desired dimensions, components and indicators affecting this type of training were determined. Finally, by determining the references, tools and methods for evaluating skills-based training, the most important dimensions, components and indicators affecting the evaluation of skills-based training were obtained and determined. This research is a case study with an integrated approach, for which library and field methods were used to collect data. By inferring the skills-based trainings, 10 dimensions, 49 components and 220 indicators affecting the evaluation of these trainings were obtained, finalized and standardized based on experts opinions. Then, based on the collected data, a comprehensive questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 68 people in the statistical population in the form of a total number. After examining the answers by SPSS software, the level of significance of the answers (P-value) and Cronbach's alpha of each of the indicators and components were as follows: All the 10 dimensions, 49 components and 220 indicators related to the evaluation of skills-based training In the Armed Forces, are quite correlated and approved. In addition, using descriptive statistical methods, the responses to each of the components and indicators were described and analyzed, and the level of effectiveness of each of the indicators and components was determined based on the average score for the 10 dimensions.

In the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which originates from the teachings of pure Muhammadan Islam (peace be upon him and his family) and is based on the model of Islamic government, the Grand Ayatollah Imam Khamenei (as) and the Supreme Leader, at the head of the government There is a religion and an Islamic society. Determining the basic directions and general policies, as well as the overall leadership of the system, is one of the responsibilities of the Supreme Leader and also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Through the relevant command hierarchy, they are in charge of the overall leadership of the armed forces. Therefore, this study tries to extract his expectations from the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the statements of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, Imam Khamenei (as). For this purpose, the main purpose of the research was to determine the expectations of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces from the Armed Forces; In proportion to that, the research question was formed. The method used in this research is thematic analysis with a qualitative approach of an applied type. The results of the investigation are based on the statements of the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces (Supreme Leader) that the most important expectations of the Supreme Leader from the Armed Forces were counted in 14 cases

Drinking water is of special importance due to its connection with human life and health. Installations for the supply and distribution of drinking water are exposed to a variety of threats.  In the meantime, biological threats are a priority in the risk of drinking water infrastructure. The focus of this research is on the key elements for passive defense strategies and programs in dealing with biological threats in the field of drinking water distribution.  Therefore, in this article, the "Key elements of biological defense in the field of drinking water distribution" are discussed. The present study is a descriptive-survey research in terms of the purpose of applied-developmental research, a descriptive-survey research in terms of nature and method of collection, and a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) type in terms of data analysis.  It is a tool for collecting information for the descriptive section, library study and taking notes, and for the survey section, a questionnaire and intellectual interaction with experts in this field. In this research, after studying the upstream documents, and the theoretical foundations of the research, the key concepts of statistics and based on this, the key elements including 8 principles, a vision with six characteristics and 6 missions were developed

With the emergence of emerging military threats in the last few year, the type of wars has changed due to the advancement of military technologies. In a way, today's wars are aimed at reducing the loss of life and financial losses on behalf of the attacker. The most important step in the ground force is to pay attention to the promotion of knowledge, skills and insights of the staff, especially military commanders. This research has been carried out as "The approach of the IRA ground force against emerging military threats" In this research, in order to achieve the research objectives, two communities of experts and the general statistical population (experts and experts) have been used. The expert population consisted of 12 nezaja commanders and deputies, and the overall statistical population of this study included all deputies, base commanders, lashkars and independent brigades of Nezaja 75 people, which was determined by Cochran formula with error coefficient of 5% of the sample size of the study was 62 people. To collect information and data related to the subject of research, two methods of field and library have been used. As a result of this research, recognition of emerging military threats in the field of Nezaja mission, demands and expectations of upstream documents (supreme commander of the forces and higher-level organizational documents) in the field of emerging military threats, external and internal factors of Nezaja (opportunities and threats, strengths and weaknesses), nezaja strategic objectives in confronting emerging military threats in the military field have been explained.

The current research was written with the aim of identifying the implementation strategies and the appropriate requirements for the implementation of the training and excellence strategies of the commanders and managers of AJA with an emphasis on Jihadi management. The statistical population of this research includes the elites and experts of Aja in the four forces of Aja and scholars, clerics and university professors of the armed forces outside Aja in the number of 40 people. The current research is in the category of applied-developmental research and a combination of quantitative and qualitative data (with a mixed approach) including interviews and open and closed questionnaires has been used. In this research, in order to achieve the main goal of the research, first by conducting in-depth interviews with research experts, the appropriate solutions and requirements for the implementation of strategies were identified, then by setting up and distributing a questionnaire among experts and conducting One Sample Test, the identified cases were identified. were approved and finalized. The results obtained from the analysis of the obtained data indicate the identification and approval of 21 implementation solutions and 29 requirements for the implementation of the strategy.

  In recent years, passive defense has become a widespread concept in our country and covers almost all areas of people's social life. One of the new functions of passive defense is people-oriented passive defense, It is that its main mission in the first place is to protect the cohesion between the people and the government and in the next place is the continuation of necessary activities. The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic model of people-centered passive defense against the enemy's soft war. The current research was done with a qualitative approach and with the Foundation's data method. Data collection in this research was done by field and library methods and by using the tools of interview, observation, specialized round table and documents. The statistical population of this research reached theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 people with opinions. To analyze the resulting data, coding was done in three stages. In open coding, 196 units of analysis (paragraphs) were selected and after conceptualization, 115 indicators were extracted, and after merging, transforming and changing similar or close factors, 45 focal indicators were determined and listed. In the course of axial coding by categorizing indicators related to each other, the number of 12 components was obtained and after selective coding, five dimensions were determined for the people-centered passive defense model. At the end, by setting up a questionnaire, the dimensions and components of the people-centered passive defense model against the enemy's soft war were voted and evaluated among the sample research community and analyzed using SPSS software, which were all confirmed by obtaining the appropriate score

Strategic thinking is the today's need of organizations, especially military organizations. In order to create innovative and effective strategies, the commanders and managers of the highest levels of the Armed Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran should be familiar with the skill of strategic thinking and apply it in strategic defense management. In order for strategic thinking to emerge, it is necessary to provide the necessary contexts and platforms in the organizational environment. In this regard, the aim of this research is to identify the requirements for realizing the strategic thinking of commanders and managers of the highest levels of the armed forces. This is an applied-developmental research and has been done with a case-based method. The method of information collection was library and field, and the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. A number of 9 experts in this field at the level of the armed forces were selected as a statistical sample in a targeted manner after reaching theoretical saturation. Analysis of information with the method of coding and using the MAXQDA-2020 software was carried out for the validity of the research, acceptability, transferability and verifiability, as well as for the reliability of the research, the credibility of the research, by the research team and finally in a verified expert working group. The findings indicate that the requirements for realizing the strategic thinking of the commanders and managers of the highest levels of armed forces are placed, in 5 components and 58 indicators including structural components (8 indicators), human resources (9 indicators), organizational culture (17 indicators), leadership and management (8 indicators) and general (16 indicators). The aforementioned requirements can be the basis for the realization and development of the strategic thinking of commanders and managers for the aforementioned preparation and will cause the institutionalization of strategic thinking in the main and decision-making body of the armed forces.

Defense policy is a framework for coordinating military, economic, political and cultural tools by the government to remove or repel threats and establish stability and security in the country, and its formulation, like other national policies, requires the observance of certain principles and rules. Achieving the goals of defense policy, which includes: eliminating or repelling threats, preventing war, resolving regional conflicts, strengthening and increasing power, etc., requires that the formulated policies have favorable characteristics in order to be able to face threats. The future and the environment full of instability, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity should be responsive. On the other hand, defense policies in the Republic of Iran are formulated in accordance with revolutionary principles and ideals and in the direction of confronting the threats of global arrogance, so the main question of this article was formed in the minds of the researchers as follows: "The characteristics of desirable defense policies What are the J.A. of Iran?", therefore, the researchers seek to identify and quantify the "characteristics of the desirable defense policies of the J.A. of Iran".This research is considered to be an applied-developmental type and the research method, which is mixed with the approach, was carried out using descriptive-analytical method. The size of the statistical population of this research is 30 people. Analysis and analysis of the information and data obtained from the study of sources have been described and analyzed in a qualitative way, and the information obtained from the questionnaire has been analyzed using the method of structural equations with the partial least squares approach and using the PLS software. The results of the research showed that the features of Iran's favorable defense policy are in three dimensions: "internal, external and general" and there are 62 features.