فصلنامه مطالعات جغرافیایی مناطق خشک
پیاپی 52 (تابستان 1402)

 The aim of this research is the future projection of climatic elements over the northwest Yazd province using RCP scenarios.

 This study uses simulating the climate variables, namely, precipitation and average temperature of Yazd province in the baseline period (2001-2020), by using the LARS-WG6.0 model and four models of CMIP5, for three possible emission scenarios (such as RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). By introducing the best model, it uses downscaling the climate variables for the future 2026-2055 and 2071- 2100.

 According to the results, BCC-CSM1-1 and NorESM1-M models are introduced as the best models in projecting the mentioned variables with low error and acceptable NRMSE. The most significant increase in the temperature variable will occur in the period 2100-2071 and RCP8.5, so the temperature in the NorESM1-M model increases from 1.13 to 3.93 degrees Celsius in scenarios 2.6 and 8.5, respectively. The amount of rainfall in 2071-2100 will decrease compared to 2055-2026, and in some stations, it will increase or decrease compared to the average of the base period.

 In future periods, the temperature will increase in the region and the greatest increase in RCP8.5. Precipitation in the future fluctuates so that it will have the most remarkable changes in RCP2.6.

Innovation:

 In this research, for future projection of climatic elements over the northwest Yazd province using GCM-CMIP5 models and RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, 4.5, and 8.5). After analyzing the error statistics, we chose BCC-CSM1-1 and NorESM1-M models to project future temperature and rainfall and better understand the region's climate. Therefore, the results of this study can be applied to regional planning, including meteorology, water resource management, and combating desertification.

This research aims to identify, interpret, and evaluate the elements of geodiversity to organize specific areas and the whole earth and coordinate conservation or efficient management.

This research is descriptive and analytical and uses quantitative and statistical methods and remote sensing to study the role of morphometric and geological factors and climate as the main parameters in forming and expanding geological diversity. Dividing Binalood Mountains into northern and southern slopes, we have separately assessed them using Benito-Calro et al.'s (2009) qualitative assessment method. Comparing roughness density indices (PRD), Simpson roughness index (SIEI) and Shannon (SHEI), Shannon diversity index (SHDI), and Simpson (SIDI), we got some results about the northern and southern slopes of Binalood Mountain.

The amount of calculated indices for southern slop is as follows; roughness density indices (PRD) is 0.0025, Simpson diversity index (SIDI) is 0.6, Simpson roughness index (SIEI) is 0.81, and Shannon diversity index (SHDI) is 1.5 and Simpson roughness index (SHIE) is 0.76.

According to the findings of this research, the difference in indices between the two slopes is very small, but due to structural form and stratigraphic situation and the effect of secondary factors, the southern slopes of Binalood Mountains have higher geodiversity than the southern slopes. The results show that based on comparing the northern and southern slopes of Binalood mountains with the five geodiversity indices, the contribution of geological factors was more than the morphometric and climatic factors.

 Innovation:

 In this research, mountain geodiversity has been investigated for the first time in the country. The results can show the importance of geodiversity in the region and be used by managers and decision-makers in geo-heritage management and better protection of these resources.

 Changing the cultivation pattern of water-bearing crops to medicinal plants is emphasized by agricultural and rural experts due to the preservation of essential environmental resources and high added value. The present study deals with the feasibility of introducing four medicinal plants, pumpkin, black seed, asparagus, and cumin, in the cultivation pattern of farmers in Chenaran county.

 The descriptive research method is analytical, and the type of research is applied. In this study, 245 rural farmers in 16 villages were studied. 

 The farmers' acceptance of introducing medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern is low, so only 11% of the farmers had a great desire to cultivate the four proposed plants. Also, 98 percent of the farmers needed more technical knowledge in planting, growing, harvesting, processing, maintaining, and selling the proposed medicinal plants. The most important reason for farmers' failure to introduce medicinal plants into the cultivation pattern has been the government's lack of support for producing medicinal plants, drought, and problems related to the labor force. Agricultural land potential assessment showed that of the total area of 327,000 hectares in Chenaran county, 32% is suitable for cultivating asparagus, 11% for cultivating pumpkin, and 32% for cultivating cumin and black seeds.

 Since medicinal plant producers must be sure of guaranteed markets, it is necessary to increase the farmer's share in the potentially profitable value chain of the market by adopting appropriate strategies.

Innovation: 

One of the most important innovative and practical aspects of the research is to identify the degree of acceptance of farmers towards the cultivation of the proposed medicinal plants and the level of their technical knowledge in this field.

 This research was conducted to identify the challenges and problems of tourism management in the desert destination of Baft city.

 The research is developmental in terms of purpose and survey in terms of nature. The research's statistical population includes the Baft city council and municipality members. The number of statistical samples was calculated to be 30 people. Data was collected through interviews, and data classification and analysis were done through interpretive analysis and Maxqda software in open coding.

  From a total of 30 interview texts, 437 codes have been collected, divided into eight main categories under the title of identifying the challenges and problems of the Baft Desert tourism destination. In this way, "the lack of access to water resources" in desert areas is the highest, with 120 codes. Also, the findings indicate that tourism opportunities in desert areas should be organized based on desert geography and existing crises, marketing and development goals, local education, and human resource development. In this way, possible damages to the destination can be identified and corrected to develop as much as possible.

 It has been observed that the management of tourism in this particular destination is facing certain challenges. Therefore, the basic resources of the destination, characteristics, and competitive skills should be determined so that aligning the business goals with the long-term sustainable development goals causes the fragile destination to become an environmentally friendly, sustainable, and tourist-friendly destination.

Innovation:

 This research is the only research that has been done on tourism management in Baft city, and its results are effective in the sustainable and long-term development of tourism in this destination.

In urban management, knowing the proper platforms for the physical development of cities can be considered inevitable. Considering the importance of the role of geomorphological components in determining the desirable locations for urban development, in the current research, the appropriate limits of the physical development of Shahreza have been investigated in terms of the influence of geomorphological factors.

In this research, geomorphological factors such as slope, slope direction, height, location of faults, land use, lithology, and distance from waterways and rivers have been identified. Two methods were used to investigate the role of geomorphological factors in the physical development of Shahreza city. Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model (TOPSIS) were exerted in the geographic information system (GIS) environment.

 In this research, geomorphological factors, including slope, fault, lithology, height, land use, distance from waterways, and slope direction, were investigated. Development possibilities have been explored across eight geographical directions. In the next step, the importance coefficient and relative weight were compared using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and then ranked and evaluated using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS).

 Investigating these geomorphological factors in the direction of urban planning is necessary. The results show that among the studied geomorphological factors, slope, and fault position factors have the highest importance coefficients and the directions of northeast, east, southeast, and north, respectively, in AHP with scores of 0.198, 0.186, 0.179, and 0.134. In TOPSIS, ranks 1, 2, 3, and 4 were identified as the priority axis of user development.

Innovation:

 The present study is one of the few studies that have been conducted to evaluate the geomorphological effects on the city's physical development. Hopefully, this research will be the starting point for further studies in this field.

 Planning the local development of rural communities is an effective technique, particularly for sustainable resource allocation, which might be the end objective of a happy future. Development planning should achieve intended goals from the perspective of all regional spatial stakeholders. Methodologies vary in response to new issues. Scenario writing of rural local planning in East Azerbaijan province was used to fill the study gap from two subject and methodological perspectives.

 The method of the present research is applied, descriptive-analytical, and mixed in terms of purpose, nature, and collection of information, respectively. Also, it is based on scenario planning. The panel consists of 30 experts and university professors in related fields. Scenario Wizard software extracted scenarios at three levels of consistent, strong, and weak probability.

  One strong scenario, 1675 weak scenarios, and 26 highly compatible scenarios were extracted. Each compatible scenario was displayed at three optimal, static, and critical probability levels.

 The scenario "encouraging local governance through popular participation" was identified as the first compatible scenario, which is positive and promising. "The lack of significant participation of people and non-governmental institutions in local planning," as the next consistent scenario, indicates the absence of stakeholders or at least the weak role of people in rural planning in the future. "Basic lack of attention to the role of intermediate cities" was identified as the third consistent scenario.

Innovation:

 Filling the research gap from the point of view of background criticism and all from the methodological aspect to provide stable scenario(s) for the future of local planning from the point of view of spatial stakeholders.

Studies have been conducted focusing on citizens' participation in urban planning and their right to the city, which have been raised as a criticism of non-participatory and non-communicative urban planning. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the process of changing the site of Takab Hospital, using the theory of the production of space and Lefebverian trialectics, to be able to identify the dimensions of this site change and its consequences. 

 With a descriptive-analytic method and applicative approach, with the help of the network analyst tool in ArcMap, the access status of citizens to the new hospital was evaluated in front of the old hospital by building a new area instrument at a standard distance, as one of the examples of their lived space.

The analysis showed that citizens' access to the new hospital within the standard access radius was about one-third of the access to the old hospital. 

 This case is inferred as an example of inattention to the urban lived space and a manifestation of the distance between the planner and the citizen, which shows the lack of correct understanding of the citizens as the audience of the programs. As a result, the city planners' action to change the hospital's site reveals its negative effect in the form of an increase in the access distance of the citizens to the hospital. 

Innovation: 

The innovative aspect of this article is integrating Henri Lefebvre's Production Of Space theory with communicative turn in urban planning; it is avoided only addressing and analyzing the spatial dimensions of the hospital site change. However, social and linguistic aspects also intervene in this spatial analysis.