نشریه مهندسی ترافیک
پیاپی 92 (بهار 1402)

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) plays a major role in public transportation in the metropolis. However, the high-polluting diesel engines of such systems suffer from low efficiency and short life cycle. On the other hand, it is difficult to expand the electric railway routes and their expensive infrastructure in urban areas. With recent development in the design and manufacture of battery or hydrogen-based electrical traction motors, a state-of-the-art transit system named Digital-rail Rapid Transit (DRT) has emerged in advanced countries which has a high flexibility of use while benefits from the advantages of electric traction motors, that are high-efficiency consumption of green energy and semi-automatic operation. Considering the scientific and technical experiences of Tehran Wagon Manufacturing Company in design and assembly of electric propulsion and control, the possibility of the employment of DRT systems in urban transportation besides the relevant comparison with similar BRT and tram systems are proposed in this paper. The results of this paper show that DRT offers various advantages in comparison with BRT while its required infrastructures are far less expensive than tram and other light-rail vehicles.

Many observations around the world report changes in attitudes from public transportation to private vehicles during the Covid-19 pandemic. Online taxi demand goes through the same experience and some users may not be inclined to use it. The current paper aims to study the modal shift of taxi online users to personal vehicles during the Covid-19 pandemic in the city of Sanandaj, Iran. A binary logit model is developed for 174 valid observations based on data collected through an online survey. Results indicate that married people who had Covid-19 have a greater tendency to choose personal vehicles. Additionally, individuals working in Bazar who own vehicles and also men with a higher academic degree are more likely to shift their modes. Moreover, travel time more than 10 minutes for mandatory trips is among significant variables as it would increase the probability of infection. It is possible to apply the findings for similar critical situations for effective transportation planning that takes public health into account.

In this article, a new design for traffic signals is presented in such a way that the consumption of each light with the same level of intensity is greatly reduced. Today, with the development of urbanization, energy consumption has also increased. Building new power plants to provide energy is expensive and increases air pollution. Accordingly, that the only possible solution is to use new technologies in the field of energy consumers in such a way that their consumption with the same efficiency will be significantly reduced. At present, traffic signals have an average power of 10 watts. This amount means that the lighting consumption of an intersection is equal to 320 watts on average. Also, the high consumption of analog control systems should be added to this amount. In this article, the design of super low consumption traffic signals has been produced. Their power is 1.5 watts on average. The lights of the previous intersection consume 48 watt hours of energy. With the new lights, the energy consumption is reduced by 85%, with the consumption of the digital control device (8 watts) and assuming that every day has 12 hours of lighting, by using two 60 watts solar panels, the intersection can be independent of city electricity.

In the current research, a new approach has been used to optimize the performance of the intersection. The combination of time variables and geometric is enhanced optimization of intersection capacity. Traffic lanes and traffic light settings are considered as decision variables, and the limitation of short lines is also included in the modeling. short are very common and can be seen in many intersections. Intersection capacity and performance have a very significant positive and negative relationship with the variables of short lines. In the present research, with three new approaches: 1- Considering the geometrical variables of the intersection along with the timing and phasing variables of the lights; 2- Considering the short line and its effect; 3- Using mixed integer programming, zero-one as methodology; The capacity of the intersection of Jalal Al-Ahmad highway and Arianfar Boulevard was maximized and the efficiency of the intersection increased by about fourteen percent. In order to validate the model and check the behavior of the intersection, the model was simulated in Synchro software, and the capacity, travel time and delay of the intersection were estimated.

Due to the necessity of sustainable development and its increasing importance in solving traffic problems, especially in urban areas, the bicycle as a sustainable vehicle next to walking has been noticed by urban decision makers, especially in developed countries. Various factors such as cultural structure, climate, topography, etc. are effective in expanding the bicycle as a vehicle and promoting the cycling culture, and studies have shown that the share of bicycles in urban trips in Tehran is less than one percent. It is worth noting that despite the infrastructural measures (software and hardware) and other measures that have been taken in order to improve the status of citizenship culture and human-centered urban spaces, bicycle traffic has taken a very small share of the total daily trips of citizens. It must be acknowledged that these measures are not enough and it is necessary to deal with these issues in a more comprehensive way. One of the most effective measures can be the use of new software and communication technologies along with the prediction of various incentives that can be provided to change the attitude, lifestyle and traffic behavior of citizens from this point, the importance of this issue is discussed in this article.

The type of land use in each traffic area zone (TAZ) is the most important factor determining the number of vehicles, geometric and traffic characteristics in that zone. Any factor in the urban environment that causes congestion and attraction of vehicles at certain times increases the probability of an accident in that area. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of the share of the types of uses in each of the traffic areas of Shiraz city on the probability of an accident, a two-step method including the identification of the types of uses influencing the occurrence of accidents as well as spatial effects between independent variables and accident data in space Kernel density estimate (KDE) methods have also been used in order to find the suitable bandwidth for searching observations, geographically weighted regression (GWR) and geographically weighted Poisson regression (GWPR) in order to investigate the spatial effects of the contribution of land use types on the occurrence Accident is used.The results of the study have shown that among the mentioned models, the local GWPR model has a better performance than the global Poisson model and the local GWR model based on validation criteria. Also, the presence of residential, commercial, barren and abandoned uses and the mixing of residential and non-residential use have the greatest impact on They have accidents. Examining the spatial effects of land use types in each of the traffic areas in this study can be very important in order to carry out safety measures.

Today, one of the most important challenges facing Iran's metropolises is the issue of transportation. The transportation system of veins and arteries forms the anatomy of urban life and is responsible for the movement of people and goods. A dynamic transportation system can be the center of community development or, if not properly planned and designed, can lead to a service network that ignores changing and up-to-date needs, exacerbates the situation of the poor, damages the environment, and exceeds public financial capacity. . Meanwhile, the metropolis of Tehran, as the political, economic and social capital of Iran, is involved in acute transportation problems. Heavy traffic and severe air pollution are only part of these consequences. For this reason, this research seeks to prioritize sustainable modes of transportation to improve the condition of Tehran city. The descriptive-analytical research method is based on Delphi opinions. Therefore, first the criteria and indicators of sustainable transportation were extracted from different sources and scored based on the opinions of experts, and then analyzed using the hierarchical analysis model (AHP) and Expert choice software, and the results indicate that the bicycle mode of transportation And walking with a final score of 0.290 and metro with a final score of 0.238 were selected as the healthiest modes of transportation in terms of the environment, economical in terms of economic efficiency, and suitability in terms of social criteria. 0.140, bus 0.124, van 0.114, taxi 0.94 were rated. Therefore, it seems that Tehran's escape route from the traffic deadlock is to institutionalize sustainable modes of transportation and provide infrastructure for cycling and walking and create obstacles for the use of private cars in the city. These obstacles can be in the form of restrictions. Parking, traffic permits, etc.