نشریه شیمی کاربردی روز
پیاپی 68 (پاییز 1402)

In this research, nanoparticles of NiFe2O4, Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, TiO2-Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 and TiO2-Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4-rGO were synthesized respectively by combustion sol-gel method, co-precipitation and two nanocomposite samples by physical mixing method. For the characterization of nanoparticles from Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) and porosimetry measurements. Adsorption and desorption have been used with BET. The results show that the synthesized particles are nanoscale ,and the absorption process takes place inside the holes. Also, the advanced oxidation process (AOP) was evaluated using photocatalyst for nanoparticles and the best performance was TiO2-Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4-rGO nanocomposite with saturation magnetism (emu/g) of 65.88 with It showed a destruction of 95%.

Dairy wastewater is one of the most pollutant resulting from food industry, which is mainly composed of complex substances such as organic compounds, mineral compounds, chlorides, sulfides, fats and oils. The presence of high organic loading in dairy wastewater causes negative effects on the environment. In this research, magnetic polyaniline with strontium-titanium trioxide was applied as an environmentally friendly, low-cost and efficient Nano adsorbent to reduce polyphenols from dairy wastewater. The synthesized nanocomposite shows a high absorption capacity compared to polyphenols. This feature can be attributed to van der Waals interaction (π-π and electrostatic interactions), n-π interaction, and hydrogen bonding of the adsorbent with the analyte. Polyaniline causes hydrogen and π-π interaction with polyphenols due to the presence of functional groups containing nitrogen and backbone of π-conjugated electrons. Also, the existence of metal orbitals in SrTiO3 enables the formation of Lewis acid base with polyphenols. SrTiO3 nanoparticles give outstanding physical properties, high thermal and chemical stability, acceptable specific surface area to the nanocomposite, which causes a synergistic effect with the unique properties of polyaniline. Finally, due to the presence of magnetic nanoparticles and with the help of an external magnet, time is saved in the separation step. Also, in this article, factors affecting the absorption of polyphenols such as solution pH, adsorbent amount, contact time, concentration and temperature were investigated. The results showed that MPANI@SrTiO3 shows high efficiency by removing 89.41% of polyphenols (under optimal conditions, pH 5, adsorbent amount 20 mg, time 150 minutes at room temperature and salt percentage 0.01(w/v% ). Validity of the proposed method was checked using adsorption isotherm and kinetic models. According to the data, the adsorption kinetics of polyphenols on the MPANI@SrTiO3 adsorbent corresponded to the semi-first-order, and the experimental equilibrium of the Langmuir model was matched with the maximum adsorption capacity of the single layer of 67.11 mg/g. Also, the thermodynamic parameters ΔG° (kJ/mol), ΔH° (kJ/mol) and ΔS° (kJ/mol K) were obtained as -19.8, -60.61 and -0.17, respectively, as a result of the nature of adsorption It corresponds to the exothermic mechanism and physical absorption.

In this research, the ability of tetraethoxyorthosilane (TEOS) exogel as a cheap, safe adsorbent with a strong mechanical structure was studied in the separation of acidic (.Glu) and basic (Arg.) amino acids in an absorption chromatography column. First, the effect of pH and then The effect of the length of the chromatography column as well as the hydrophobicity factor of the adsorbent surface on the amount and speed of purification was evaluated. According to the results, the separation rate of the two tested amino acid samples was better at neutral pH (7). In the following, by preparing ormucil derivatives of exogel absorbent (TEOS + Me, TEOS + Et and TEOS + Pro) and testing on the aforementioned amino acids sample, it was found that the effect of the hydrophobicity of the substrate surface is not significant compared to the effect of the pH factor. The length of the chromatography column was effective on the better separation of the above samples.

Polypyrrole (PPy) is an inherently conducting polymer (ICP) which has different applications in sensors, batteries, separation membranes and corrosion protective of metals. Synthesis of polypyrrole (PPy) with optimum properties and its remarkable conductivity has been studied. In this study, polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole/pomegranate peel powder (PPy/PPP) composites were prepared by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. The effects of pomegranate peel powder on the physical and chemical properties of polypyrrole and its composites were investigated. The structure of polypyrrole (PPy) and polypyrrole / pomegranate peel powder composites was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and FTIR. Scanning electron microscopy has shown the shape of pomegranate peel powder spherical and their average size about 15-20 micrometers. The thermal properties and thermal degradation of polypyrrole and its composites were studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to investigate the adsorption mechanism. Experimental data showed that the adsorption of nickel ions increases with increasing the initial concentration of this ion in the solution. Also, the results indicated that more than 83% of the nickel ion absorption capacity of the samples can be obtained in the first 60 minutes of absorption.

The aim of this work was finding new flurescent dyes as sensitizers for chemiluminescence (CL) determination some of narcotics. In this way 6 different dyes incloding rhodamine 6G, brilliant blue, orange G, chromatrope, eosin Y and [Ru(phen)3]2+ and 14 drugs incloding pethidine hydrochloride, thebaine, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen, codeine, oxymorphone, oxycodone, morphine, pholcodine, naltrexone, buprenorphine, methadone, tramadol, diphenoxylate were investigated. In the preliminary experiments, we found that pethidine hydrochloride in CL system of [Ru(phen)3]2+- Ce(IV) and thebaine in CL system of rhodamine 6G- Ce(IV) could be determined. After optimizing the important variables, linear dynamic range for pethidine hydrochloride and thebaine were 5.6×10-7 to 1.4×10-3 mol L-1 and 1.0×10-5 to 4.0×10-4 mol L-1 and limit of detection were 7.1×10-8 mol L-1 and 4.3×10-6 mol L-1, respectively. The percent of relative standard deviation for pethidine hydrochloride and thebaine were 5.7 and 4.0%, respectively.

In this study, bismuth ferrite) BFO ( particles were synthesized by sol-gel method. Bismuth ferrite, with high particle distribution and good response to Visible light was responsive. Azorubine was selected as a contaminant in this study. The pH value of a factor it is very effective in destroying the color of Azorubine. Structural, morphological and optical properties of BFO using X-ray diffraction (IR-FT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM-FE) and Visible-UV spectroscopy were analyzed. Effects of different parameters on degradation photocatalytic dye of Azorubine dye at a concentration of 10 ppm including H2O2 content, type of light emitted, pH value and dose. The nanoparticles used were investigated and optimized. Degree of Azorubine dye degradation using BFO nanoparticles during. The time of 120 minutes reached 93.93% to show that this research is an effective photocatalytic method for destroys the color of azorubine.

Contamination of water environments with heavy metals and dyes as a result of industrial wastewater discharge is one of the most serious environmental problems. In this research, nano-alumina coated with chitosan was used to remove heavy metal cations of cadmium (II), mercury (III), and lead (II) from water and industrial wastewater samples. The dynamic method was used to remove the pollutants and the effect of the sample, the flow rates of the samples and absorbent detergent, and the type of absorbent detergent for recovery were studied. Since alumina nanoparticles are considered one of the most important pollutant absorbers, the placement of chitosan on its surface increases efficiency due to the formation of a complex with metal ions. In this research, alumina nanoparticles modified with chitosan, which are non-magnetic adsorbents, have been used, and when placed in a strong high-frequency magnetic field, they instantly become magnetic and return to their original state. With this action, in industrial application, the wastage of nano adsorbent is prevented and high efficiency is obtained. Synthetic nanoparticles were examined by SEM, FTIR, and XRD methods. The maximum absorption of pollutants at pH = 6, amount of adsorbent 0.03 g, speed of passing the solution through the column 5 ml/min, nitric acid 2 M as eluent, solution volume 150 mL as the optimal volume for pre-concentration and flow rate 4 ml/min for The detergent was obtained. The adsorption capacity of nano alumina modified with chitosan for cadmium, mercury, and lead ions was obtained as 4.91, 4.73, and 4.15 mg/g, respectively. In this project, a flame atomic absorption spectrometer was used to measure the number of metal ions before and after the removal process. The obtained data showed that the proposed method successfully removes target heavy metals in industrial wastewater samples.

The additives have a great effect on the quality of the nickel coating including brightness and thickness in the process of electrodeposition. In this research, Watts nickel bath conditions are studied in the presence of ethylene glycol and or diethylene glycol as an additive on the quality of nickel coating on stainless steel substrate. The method of one variable at a time is used to optimize the conditions. The brightness of the nickel coating is investigated using smartphone imaging and image processing in MATLAB software and also the thickness of the coating are measured by a thickness gauge. A nickel coating with brightness 94% and thickness of 18 micrometers is obtained in optimized conditions including 120 g/L of diethylene glycol and or 50 g/L of ethylene glycol, pH 4.5, time 20 min., temperature 45 oC and current density 6 A/dm2. The technique of scanning electron microscope energy diffraction spectroscopy (SEMEDS) is used to study the surface morphology and analysis of coating elements. The obtained results showed the uniform distribution of nickel coating with 100% purity. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) also showed that the nickel coating has an fcc crystal structure. The results of the polarization curves indicated an 83% reduction in the corrosion rate of the nickel coating in the NaCl medium.

Antibiotic resistance remain a major health challenge that threatens the lives of many people. Recent studies shows that metal nanoparticles, including zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, have good antibacterial properties. In this project, we attempted to synthesize a microporous nanoparticle called ZIF-8 (a subset of a large family of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks) and then functionalized it with silver and hyaluronic acid. It was found that such functionalization could improve antibacterial properties ZIF-8. ZIF-8 and ZIF-8/Ag@ZIF-8 were characterized thorough N2 adsorption-desorption analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). antibacterial properties ZIF-8 and ZIF-8/Ag@ZIF-8 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli was assessed by method of Microbroth dilution. Results demonstrated coating of ZIF-8 with Ag and HA could significantly improve antibacterial properties ZIF-8 against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli . We believe that our findings demonstrate that the use of functionalized zeolitic imidazolate frameworks can be as excellent alternative candidates against bacterial infections.

A novel diorganotin(IV) complex, [(SnMe2)2(C15H9O2)(OCH3)(O)]2, with high optical properties was synthesized by an efficient method and fully characterized by elemental analysis and 1H, 119Sn NMR, IR and UV spectroscopies. It should be noted that the anthracene-9-carboxylic acid with high conjugated π-system and acceptable optical properties was utilized as a ligand for the preparation of this complex. The crystal structure of prepared complex was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure analysis of prepared compound displays the attendance of a tetranuclear, centrosymmetric dimeric, complex that crystallizes in the triclinic system with the space group of p_1^-. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has been used for the investigation of the thermal behavior of prepared complex. The absorption and photoluminescence properties of the complex were investigated in solid state at room temperature. The investigation of the optical properties of complex shows that this complex can be as a good fluorescent material in the preparation of luminescence devices like light-emitting diodes. The metal complex significantly increased the optical efficiency and current density of the diode. Also, by adding metal to the ligand, the emission wavelength of the organic light emitting diode (OLED) was changed.

In this paper, to develop green chemistry, a catalyst based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) attached by hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HMDI) and citric acid (LDH-g-HMDI-citric acid) were prepared and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, EDX, SEM, TGA, and DTG analytical methods. The catalytic activity of this recyclable heterogeneous catalyst was evaluated for the synthesis of new imidodicarbonate diamide derivatives (biuret) under microwave conditions. The use of the microwave method led to the use of organic solvents in small amounts, reduced reaction times, and increased yields of products, which was achieved for the development of green chemistry and environmental protection. These biurets were evaluated for inhibitory activity on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by HIV-1 p24 antigen ELISA kit and three of them (5b, 5c, and 5f) had moderate activity on HIV -1 virus with IC50 values in the range of 55.1 to 100 μM compared to azidothymidine as the reference drug (IC50 = 0.11 μM). Finally, to investigate the mechanism of the effect of biuret compounds on the virus protease enzyme, docking analysis studies were performed and the results of in vitro test and docking study were in good correlation.

Considering the important role of bioactive ligands in designing antitumor complexes, mononuclear C^C-cyclometalated Pd (II) complex containing amino acid, tyrosine, was synthesized and identified using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic methods. The interaction of the synthesized mononuclear complex with the biomacromolecules, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), was studied by UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission. Based on the experimental studies, an intercalating mode was proposed for the interaction between the complex and DNA. The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectroscopies indicated the high affinity of the complex for BSA binding. Molecular docking calculations revealed that the hydrophobic interactions play important roles in complex – BSA binding.

In this study, TiO2-MWCNT nanoparticles were deposited on Ti electrode by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Scanning electron microscopy method verified that TiO2-MWCNT were deposited on Ti homogeneously. The Modified electrode was employed as an anode for the degradation of 4-nitorohenol pollutant that monitored spectroscopically. The degradation process of this contaminant was investigated by photo-catalytic (PC), electro-chemical (EC) and photo-electro-catalytic (PEC) methods. The results revealed that PC process was highly slow and there was signal overlapping for the components involved in two other processes, a fact which prevents extracting the kinetic profile of 4-nitrophenol. To overcome this problem, it was proposed to use multivariate cure resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) method for data analysis. Finally, the pure kinetic and spectral profiles of components were obtained using MCR-ALS method and the efficiencies of the applied degradation methods are ranked as follows: PEC>EC>PC.

During recent years, the development of drug delivery systems based on polymers has created powerful carriers for smart application in nanomedicine for the treatment of diseases. Based on this, the design of polymers that contain various active functional groups to create a suitable interaction with the drug for its loading and release has been considered. Generally, more porosity for more drug loading, biocompatibility of the desired polymer and more water absorption lead to better performance in drug permeation and release.In this research, the preparation of a template with a high internal phase emulsion (PolyHIPEs) based on polyacrylamide grafting onto sodium alginate (SA) biopolymer via free radical polymerization and PolyHIPEs method of oil-in-water emulsion type is presented. In this work, porous hydrogel with high water swelling (absorption) was prepared by using different concentrations of acrylamide (AAm), surface active agent, cross-linking agent and initiator. The highest equilibrium water swelling value of synthetic porous hydrogel with HIPEs method was 280 g/g, while the water swelling value of prepared hydrogel without HIPEs method was 25 g/g. The open-cell porous hydrogel with water swelling of 280, has average pores of 5-10 μm, 200 nm windows and porosity of 80-85%. Modern instrumental methods such as SEM, AFM, FT-IR, BET and TGA were used to identify the porous hydrogel of PolyHIPEs. The loading and controlled release of the doxorubicin anticancer drug was performed on the optimum porous hydrogel in laboratory conditions. The results showed that smart SA-g-PAAm hydrogel is suitable for drug release at 41 °C and pH 5.5 (cancer cell conditions).

In this work, nanomesopose SBA-16 was prepared from reed plant stem by green method and used to remove Phenolphthalein pollutant. The effect of different parameters (pH, initial concentration of phenolphthalein, amount of SBA-16 adsorbent, temperature and contact time) on the amount of phenolphthalein absorption by the prepared adsorbent was investigated with the help of experiment design software. The results of the predicted experiments showed that the highest absorption of phenolphthalein was in the conditions of pH=4.01, temperature 44°C, contact time 20 min, initial concentration of adsorbent 13 mg/L and amount of adsorbent 0.05 g. can be seen. In optimal conditions, the prediction of the software was 100% removal of phenolphthalein from the water environment, which actually achieved a removal of 99.46%. Considering the high potential of nanomesopore SBA-16 in removing phenolphthalein pigment, it can be considered as a suitable candidate for removing colored pollutants and treating wastewater from textile factories.

Ferula latisecta, Dorema kopetdaghense, and Dorema ammoniacum oleo-gum resins are among the most valuable Iranian herbal products and have great potential to be exported abroad. This study aims to phytochemically investigate the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of the mentioned oleo-gum resins. The hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanolic extracts of gums were prepared through a "sequential extraction" method. The antidiabetic effects of the extracts were evaluated on the basis of α-amylase and α-glycosidase enzyme inhibition methods. In addition, the antioxidant effects of the extracts were analyzed against DPPH free radicals. Besides, the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of the extracts were measured. The results showed that the hexane extract of D. ammoniacum gum had the highest inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (92.99%). Also, the methanolic extract of this plant showed the highest inhibitory activity against α-amylase (50.84%). The hexane extract of D. ammoniacum gum has high antioxidant properties with an IC50 value of 40.85 μg/mL. Moreover, the hexane extract of D. ammoniacum gum has the highest amount of phenolic compounds with 530.52 mg of gallic acid/g of extract, among the others. According to the results, the gum of D. ammoniacum is rich of phenolic compounds and has high antioxidant and antidiabetic effects in comparison to common standards. So, this herbal product can be worthy of further investigation.

In this research, the synthesis of L/Fe3O4-methionine and graphene oxide and graphene aerogel nanocomposites (Fe3O4/L-Met/GO, Fe3O4/L-Met, Fe3O4/L-Met/GA) was carried out. Then the structure of the synthesized nanocomposites was confirmed by FT-IR, FE-SEM and BET analyses. Then, the effect of different experimental parameters such as initial pH and contact time on the process of cadmium surface adsorption were investigated. The results showed that the highest percentage of cadmium absorption (90%) occurred at Ph=6 by Fe3O4/L-Met/GA nano adsorbent. Therefore, the cadmium (Cd2+) absorption capacity by Fe3O4/L-Met/GA nanocomposite (212.31 mg/g) is higher than the cadmium (Cd2+) absorption capacity by Fe3O4/L-Met nanocomposites (201.23 mg/g). ) Obtained. Adsorption kinetics data showed excellent fit with pseudo-second-order models (R2>0.99) and Freundlich isotherm models.showed high adsorption capacity towards Cd2+ (212.31 mg/g), which was significantly higher than Fe3O4/L-Met (201.23 mg/g). Finally, adsorption kinetics, isotherm studies were investigated. Absorption data showed excellent fit with quasi-second order models (R2> 0.99) and Freundlich isotherm models.

In the presented method, modified magnetic nickel oxide was synthesized and identified for pre-concentration and determination of gemfibrozil in human serum samples, pharmaceutical wastewater and drug. Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to identify magnetic nickel oxide nanoparticles. Some parameters affecting the extraction, including pH effect, amount and type of elution solvent, extraction time, etc., were optimized and investigated. The concentration factor was 120, the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.16 µg.L-1, and the linear range of the calibration curve was 0.05 to 10 µg.L-1. The adsorption capacity was 52.69 mg.g-1. This method was successfully used to determination of gemfibrozile in human serum samples, pharmaceutical wastewater and drug using UV-Vis spectrometer with recovery in the range of 0.98-0.104%. Then, the samples determined by the proposed method with the results of the standard high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method were compared. The results were checked with T-test and showed that there is no significant difference between the two methods.