نشریه اندیشه معماری
پیاپی 13 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Research Problem:

The componentist approach in the definitions of architecture has shown that with the smallest change in the components of architectural science, the definition of architecture can be different (definitions such as architecture is functional, Architecture is the art of transforming meaning into a form, architecture is a timeless way of building, architecture is the habitation of humans, etc.) Based on this, because the language of describing architecture is broken at any time, it is not possible to describe the changes between before and after of architecture, and If the change is not described, the guidance of the change is also irrelevant; Therefore, in order to describe and then criticize architecture, one must have a single language to guide a phenomenon throughout the time of the story and ultimately guide it. Meanwhile, different philosophical systems have different approaches in describing and analyzing phenomena; For example, the Aristotelian formal approach pays attention to stability and ignores changes, and the systemic approach pays attention to changes and does not consider stability, Criticism in architecture finds its place when a phenomenon changes over time and changes can be observed between the previous, present and future state of the phenomenon, and observing changes over time requires common attributes in architecture. When an architectural work finds a new and separate description at any point in time, the possibility of identifying changes in the relationships between architectural works over time will be ambiguous, and guidance to the desired state (desirable in the current research is the natural and divine state) will not be relevant. It seems that most criticisms in architecture today are based on these separate descriptions.

Research question: 

Two questions are important in order to criticize an architectural work: How can an architectural work be criticized by relying on the changes of the work over time? Is it possible to create an equation to control architectural changes in order to lead to the desired description?

It seems that the Islamic philosophizing approach, which has been discussed by some experts for nearly several decades, can be a suitable framework for criticizing a whole variable. The aim of this philosophy is to know the whole variable and guide its changes towards a transcendent goal or the divine goal. As a result, the present research tries to establish an equation to control architectural changes by relying on Islamic philosophizing by identifying the common characteristics of architecture over time.

The present study seeks to adjust the equation of change in architecture with a descriptive-analytical method and a systematic-evolutionary approach.

On this basis, an equation has been formulated that introduces "the orientation of architectural attributes towards nature and religion" as an indicator of the divine standard in the form of a descriptive model, which consists of three structures. External, internal and functional of the architectural work are obtained, and this descriptive model provides the context for the proximity and change of mental and objective models of the existing state of the work towards the desired divine state.

Research Problem:

 Design research is the field of dealing with content and procedural areas. Architectural design is the result of assemblage between diverse actors. The advent of technology-driven procedures has broadened the range of actors in the design process. This has led the balance of the share of designers and technical objects in the final result of the design disturbed. With the advent of technology-based procedures, machines are playing substantial roles in design and hence, changed the way designers face architectural challenges. Accordingly, it seems that the current design process has shifted from a reciprocal relationship to a spiral movement in which the role of each actor can be analyzed as an actor in the multidimensional network of design. Consequently, the design procedure would be analyzed as a network of actants. The actor-network theory, as a result, provides an approach to analyze events in the design process and is profoundly applied as a methodological tool. Every detail in the design process is like an actor who changes the course of the design. Therefore, the main problem this research is going to undertake is to explain how the actor network theory works in clarifying the role of actors and their impact on the collective design process.

Research Question: 

The main objective of this research is to enlighten the essence of actor-network theory as a research methodology and tries to find the answer to the subsequent questions: How to analyze the architectural design process with actor-network theory and how does this theory influence designers’ interactions?

 The current research is applying design research methodology in a qualitative approach and tries to explain actor-network theory as a research method in architectural design. A practical experiment is demonstrated due to actor-network theory and socio-technical diagrams were qualitatively described.

 The networked nature of the design process has enabled research studies to investigate the design process by actor-network theory. The analysis of the experiment (architectural competition) revealed that connections of nodes in the network were not hierarchically observable and they had a hybrid characteristic. In this sense, non-human existence in the design process was inevitable. The results of the analysis also revealed that collective design can be network-oriented if, in addition to being valuable among human actors, it accepts non-humans in an influential position. Such a design has a very mixed atmosphere and any (unforeseen) event in it can change the design process like an action. Human and non-human actors must actively participate in the design process to stay in the network. Finally, not only the contribution of the actor-network theory in the identification of the design network was revealed, but also it facilitated the analysis of nodes’ connections. Thus, in answer to the research questions, it should be acknowledged that by using actor-network theory in the analysis of the design process, the black box of design could be opened and with a new composition, design actors could be expressed in a socio-technical way so that designers, users and technical objects have an equal and interconnected role. This provides a new reflection of the links in design process and makes a unique narrative of design to each project. In addition, the role of the actor-network theory is to track actors, highlight links, and provide unseen details in the design network. Moreover, it also changes the way designers deal with design issues; as designers with a socio-technical approach would advance the design process in the context of networks and use any event as an opportunity to intervene in the design process.

Research Problem: 

Contemporary Iranian architecture and its respect to the analysis of the contemporary thoughts is a subject that has been studied less accurately and its empty position in the knowledge of Iranian architecture is well visible. Considering the modern architecture of Iran, studying and analyzing the works of this period, it seems that they can be classified according to their architectural features in the particular era of Iranian architecture and independent of the approaches to western architecture. Although one of the first tendencies to study in the field of architecture in the period 1941-1978. It has been more than a few decades in Iran, but in fact there is still no written history based on scientific-historiographical methods about this period so that it can be used as a valid document and reference for contemporary architecture in Considered. Due to this lack, the present article pays attention to the contemporary architecture of Iran, especially between the years1941-1978, and specifically public buildings that can represent other buildings of this period.

Research Question: 

This research attempts to make a comprehensive look at the public buildings of contemporary architecture of Iran during the period of 1941- 1978. And finds the appropriate model as the architectural characteristic of this era, so it can deal with the recognition of architectural ideas, analytic types, and processing, in order to ultimately be able to provide a classification of these works. To answer what is the nature of this architecture? Architecture of Iranian public buildings What characteristics and architectural patterns should have for classification? What tendencies and styles, the main architecture of the years between 1941 and 1978 is included?

The present article seeks to investigate a very important period of Iranian architecture, between the years 1941 and 1978. Obviously, this issue will be analyzed by examining the architectural foundations of this period and the impact of the introduction of new technology on the changes made in the works of public buildings. This research has tried to take a comprehensive look at the public buildings of contemporary Iranian architecture in the period 1941-1978. In addition to finding patterns and architectural features of this period, to recognize and process the ideas of their architects; Finally, it can take a step towards presenting an innovative method of classifying these works.

The method is based on analyses, but in some cases uses descriptions to achieve better results. The field and library research has been dedicated to presenting and organizing information in descriptive and visual form so that through interviewing modern scholars and architects - who in this paper will refer to them as experts, uses method of analyzing the quality and the question of this research is about general public buildings in architecture of Iran between 1941 and 1978.

The results of this research with the adaptation of all the opinions of the experts, are presented in the form of tables and chronological graphs, that are placed together with the expression of the image to show the status of certain architectural styles and the names of the architects of the period 1978-1993 with their specific ideas, so can achieve more detailed information about the architecture in this era.

Research Problem: 

Following the ever-increasing growth of media influence in different aspects of society, architecture is also one of the areas where the media's entry has caused fundamental changes. Many experts consider architecture as an important medium that has revealed the spirit of its time, and some others consider architecture to be derived from the media, which directly or indirectly affects architecture. Studying and understanding the influence of contemporary Iranian architectural body from the media space can lead to understanding the media space in the direction of the excellence of architecture as much as possible.

Research Question:

 Research questions "What are the representative indicators of media according to the studies conducted on the issue of media in interaction with the body of architecture?" and "How can the causal relationships between the extracted indicators be explained from the point of view of influence and effectiveness?

In this study, in addition to a comprehensive review of the findings of experts in the field of architecture and media, the critical principles for analyzing the relationship between the three critical factors of the audience, architecture and media have been examined. In this regard, the findings of the literature, including the dimensions and indicators related to the media have been evaluated and categorized. To carry out this step by studying library resources, the components are extracted and prioritized based on the amount of repetition in the conducted research compared to other identified components. Then, using the Delphi technique, the results have been approved by experts, including ten university professors and activists in the fields of architecture and media. In the continuation of the research process, case studies, including written media such as specialized architectural publications published from 1325 to 1398 have been investigated to answer the question of how the media affects the body of contemporary architecture in Iran and the obtained results have been analyzed. In the end, the influence and effectiveness of the media indicators under evaluation were analyzed using the DEMATEL multi-criteria decision-making technique in Excel software. Thus the causal relationships between the factors were determined.

Obtained results indicate that there is a significant interaction between the evolution of architecture in different aspects and the media space. The media acts as an effective mediator between the architectural work and the audience. This interaction between architecture and media is affected by the audience's desire. Therefore Architecture can operate freely, regardless of any predetermined policy, or can be created according to the defined goals and in a specific clause and framework. Using all the aforementioned available tools and capacities, the media can change the body of contemporary architectural buildings. The results show that the status and ownership of the media have the most significant impact on other characteristics. The role and function of the media are most influenced by others. In terms of interaction, the media audience and its role have the highest priority. The highest power of causal influence in characteristics belongs to the status and ownership of the media.

Research Problem:

 At present, the treasure of our traditional arts is being forgotten. Unfortunately, Iranian traditional architecture, as a repository of immortal and influential memories on our Cultural structure, social innate values and beliefs, is no exception. In such circumstances, it is necessary to address the issue of psyche and mental function and explore its role in the permanence of art. It is obvious that the manifestation of the psyche in art and other original human creations happens through symbols. Among the versified symbols, in the human sciences and art, archetypal allegories are attributed to the modern critical literature and Swiss psychologist- and the founder of psychoanalytical method- Carl Gustav Jung. Jung believed that some parts of architecture are the result of projecting the inner state of the architect. However, the expression of Jung archetypes is limitless, a number of them, such as Persona and Shadows, play a key and crucial role in regulating the human psychological personality. Since Carl Gustav Jung and many other phenomenologists -such as Gaston Bachelard- have emphasized the correlation between psyche and architecture, and its followed by "house", the present study seeks to discovers and interprets the essence of these archetypes in the context of architecture of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran, during the Qajar era, by explaining and descripting the concepts of Persona and Shadow archetypes.This article aims to inspect the relationship between the traditional house of the central plateau of  Iran, during the Qajar era, and the archetypes of Persona and Shadow in the discourse between architecture and psychoanalysis.

Research Questions:

 which archetypal themes of Persona and shadow are found in the architectural components of the traditional houses of the central plateau of Iran during the Qajar era?

The current research is a mixed research method with a predominance of qualitative paradigm and phenomenological attitude. The qualitative content analysis is applied in combination with inductive and deductive approach. In order to confirm the research findings, quantitative method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and one-sample T-test are used.

The results show that there are common implications in recognizing Persona and exterior elements (including walls, materials, Badgir, entrance) and Shadow and internal elements (including the central courtyard and its belonging components as surrounding walls, corridor, the cellar and the basement) in the traditional houses in the central plateau of Iran, during the Qajar era. In addition, a number of common grounds such as communication with society, pseud individuality, protection, secrecy, impenetrability, homogeneity with the outside, the outer side ,and immutability have been found between Persona and architectural components of the aforementioned traditional houses. In the same way, the concepts such being inward, concealment, being two-sided (positive and negative coexistence), and contradiction to the outer side correspond to the Shadow.

Research problem: 

Architecture Design Course 2, as one of the workshop courses for undergraduate students of architecture engineering, plays a very important role in learning to advance a residential project from beginning to end; Therefore, the pathology of its education is very important. During corona pandemic in the world, the teaching of university architecture courses, like other trainings, was done virtually. This issue led to the comparative comparison of face-to-face and virtual education of architecture design course to students in the forthcoming research. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating face-to-face and virtual education of architectural design course for undergraduate students majoring in architectural engineering.

Research Question: 

1- How was the students' satisfaction with the achievement of the goals of architectural design course 2 in the form of face-to-face and virtual education? 2- If the possibility of face-to-face and virtual education is available, how do male and female students prefer the teaching of architectural design course 2? 3- What was the average progress of students in architectural design course 2 in face-to-face and virtual education?

The research method used in the present study is descriptive-analytical which has been done by data collection method in the form of library and survey studies. The data collection tools included articles and books in the field of study and also a researcher-made questionnaire. This questionnaire were distributed among 145 undergraduate students in shiraz who passed the course Architectural design 2 in Islamic Azad University, Apadana and Hafez Higher Education Institute both in face-to-face and virtually.

There have been indications that the expectations of male and female students from interactions in the course of architectural design in the form of virtual education are different from face-to-face education, and women are less satisfied than men, and the average student achievement in passing this Lessons in the form of face-to-face training have been more than virtual training. In addition the results showed that there was a significant difference between the opinions of male and female students who passed the second architectural design course virtually in the following indicators: 1- Male and female students 'expectations from the virtual architecture design course and their satisfication of the face-to-face and virtual educational space of architecture design course 2. In addition, due to the many differences between face-to-face and virtual education of the second architectural design course, increasing the number of corrections per week, the possibility of criticizing projects by other students and helping to increase the educational space and of course the productivity of class time. Increasing the efficiency of the class and students' involvement with other projects, the efforts of the professors of this course in virtual education are necessary. According to the results of the present study, it is clear that measures should be taken to improve the situation of virtual education to bring student satisfaction and positive evaluation of this type of education. Therefore, it is suggested that planners and staff provide a suitable platform for educating students to access the Internet throughout the country, solve infrastructure and technical problems and, most importantly, increase the possibility of interaction between professors and students and students with each other in cyberspace. Includes; Because according to the findings of the present study, the most important level of difference between face-to-face and virtual education of the second architectural design course was related to students' expectations of interactions and corrections and satisfaction with the teaching environment of the second architectural design course.

Research Problem:

 Living in the context of nature has led vernacular peoples to invent spaces in line with it. Therefore, their creativity and rich mind created elements that are compatible and responsive to the climate. A central courtyard, with a combination of water and plants, created a microclimate that influenced culture and climate; they created a semi-open space like a porch to take advantage of the optimal ambient temperature.Research Question: Based on the main problem of this research, key questions have been raised, such as; what effect do the physical proportions of porches and courtyards have on the thermal comfort index in semi-open and open spaces? Which of the physical parameters had the closest correlation with the thermal comfort index in the porches? What has been the role of the porch-yard variable on Indicators affecting environmental com-fort in open and semi-open spaces?

Aims of Research: 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of physical proportions of open and semi-open spaces on the thermal performance of microclimates in traditional houses of Shiraz historical texture with the approach of thermal comfort in those spaces.

The research method of this work is a quantitative-comparative approach. Field measure-ment method (experimental; which includes measurements used by portable instruments in the targeted build-ings), climate data was collected with the help of instruments such as thermo-Hygrometers and Thermo-pyrometers. Then, the climatic data were retrieved and analyzed using simulation software, Envi-met (Climate Analysis Software), and the thermal comfort index PET (Physiologically Equivalent Temperature, an indicator for determining the temperature of comfort in open and semi-open spaces) was measured using Bio-met. Final-ly, the correlation (linear Pearson between 1 and -1) of SPSS23 software with climatic variables along with the physical characteristics of the porch and the central courtyard were validated. It should be noted that in this study, in two parts of descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, data analysis was performed, and an at-tempt was made to evaluate the differences between several statistical societies. Due to the dispersion of the whole data, analysis of variance between different groups is possible. In this way, the equality of the mean be-tween different groups can be tested.

The findings of the study indicate that the average amount of PET in the yard is higher than the porch. And the porch-yard component has increased the impact of climate data on this index. Among the climatic data, humidity has no effect on the PET index. The lowest mean radiant tem-perature recorded was in the north porch of Saadat House which was 2.38 degrees Celsius different from the west porch and 2.92 degrees Celsius different than the Manteghi nejad House. The north porch of the Saadat House showed the most optimal comfort index. Among the physical factors of the houses, it was seen that the height of the porch from the yard, the width and the area of the spatial opening of the porch in the facade had the closest correlation with the thermal comfort index. However, the north porch of Saadat house, with all the introduced coordinates, had a lower temperature. According to the results, it was observed that with increasing the width and area of the spatial opening of the porch in the facade and increasing the height of the yard on one hand and the amount of shading, on the other hand, we will see a decrease in radiant temperature and im-proved thermal comfort index.

Research Problem:

 Today, in architecture, medical centers are not considered places with just a given function but also are seen as spaces with healing architecture. In addition to having a therapeutic function for patients, these spaces can positively influence staff working in them, especially female nurses as a sensitive group who are constantly present in such therapeutic environments. On the other hand, since the environment influences behavior, the physical components of healthcare environments seem to affect nurses' job stress and quality of work life, which is aimed to be analyzed in the present study.

Research Question: 

According to the abovementioned, the present study seeks to answer the following questions, how are female nurses' quality of work life and job stress in the hospitals of Urmia city? What is the relationship between female nurses' satisfaction with the physical environment of the hospital and their quality of work life and job stress in the studied population? Does female nurses' quality of work life influence their job stress in the studied population?

According to the abovementioned, the present study aims to investigate how the female nurses' quality of work life and job stress, how female nurses' satisfaction with the physical environment of the hospital influences their quality of work life and job stress, and how female nurses' quality of work life influence their job stress in the studied population.To achieve the abovementioned objectives, the main research hypotheses are as follows:1. There is a positive and significant relationship between each factor of the conceptual research model and its indicators.2. Female nurses' satisfaction with the physical environment of the hospital has a positive and significant effect on their quality of work life in these environments.3. Female nurses' satisfaction with the physical environment of the hospital has a positive and significant effect on their job stress in these environments.4. Female nurses' quality of work life has a positive and significant effect on their job stress in medical environments.

The present study is descriptive-correlational survey research in which the data were quantitatively analyzed to extract required information carried out using SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software. The data were collected using library, documentary, and field studies. The statistical population included female nurses who worked in the healthcare centers of Urmia in 2017. In the present research, a researcher-made questionnaire was developed and its reliability and validity were examined and confirmed. Then, it was distributed among 220 female nurses who were selected from the studied population using the random sampling technique.

The results confirm the presented conceptual model. Also, the results indicate that satisfaction with the physical environment of medical centers is positively and significantly correlated with the quality of work life (path coefficient=0.76) and job stress (path coefficient=0.63) in the studied population, implying the effective role of architecture in reducing female nurses' job stress in the therapeutic environment and as a result, increasing their quality of work life.

Today, residential buildings account for a wide range of urban landscape in a way that most people are exposed to it. Façade is the first and most influential part of the residential environment that establishes a close visual link with users and passers-by, on arrival or the time of passage. In addition to evoking pleasant feelings, it can affect the users’ health and vitality. The constituent elements of building facades affect behavioral and psychological methods and patterns of the environment users. Advances in technology and the emergence of tools to capture and record brain signals made neurology help designing and building in the area of architecture and urbanism and also understanding other sciences.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the geometry and the percentage of windows in the facades of residential houses on the human brain when dealing with buildings; this purpose uses laboratory methods to record the brain signals using an electroencephalogram device when displaying the designed facades, so that we can design a facade compatible with the human brain and nervous system. In this study, to understand the brain activities of subjects when dealing with different windows and their effect on the activity of their brain signals, in the laboratory, using electroencephalogram device, brain activities of 10 male and female were recorded when displaying various windows; and finally, analyzing them with MATLAB and EEGLAB software, it was observed that the various windows have different effects on brain signals so that brain activity of windows with curved and orthorhombic lines show a significant difference with windows having steep angles such as triangular and sternum windows. For this purpose, the brain signals of 11 men (18 to 37 years old) and women (20 to 32 years old) were recorded by electroencephalography (64 channel electrodes) while showing the windows on the screen located in front of subjects (50 cm). It should be mentioned that the facades appeared on the screen were modeled with sketch up software. So, 24 facades were created and each facade was displayed 5 times to users The EEG signals were used in different frequency bands: delta (0.5-3 Hz), theta (3-7.5 Hz), alpha (7.5-13 Hz), beta (13-31 Hz), and gamma (31 -100 Hz) frequencies. Hence, The collected scores were used to analyze the electroencephalographic (EEG) signals for each behavioral dimension in the tetha, alpha by means of time-frequency analysis and topographic statistical maps have been produced. We also used a notch filter to remove eye-blinking artifacts and the 50 Hz noise, respectively. Finally, by analyzing the signals using the software, it was observed that different windows have different effects on brain signals so that activity of brain for windows having curved lines and rectangular shape shows a significant difference with brain activity while looking at windows that have sharp angles and zigzag like triangular windows. For example, in facades with combined openings, the combination of windows with square geometry with a 45% windows level is more unpleasant compared to the combination of square and arch windows.

Research Problem:

 The natural structures within the city improve the quality of them, from ecological and aesthetic aspects to social values and additionally, they are very important for the sustainability of the city. Therefore, the riverside of Babolrood in Babolsar due to the creation of a suitable space despite the greenery, river, recreational and commercial centers and the presence of vendors, takes the attention of residents, students, pedestrians, and even travelers are drawn to perform various leisure activities. One of the most important issues in this area is the inflexibility of the space, which disrupts activities and, as a result, leads to different, overlapping, and sometimes contradictory behaviors that are happened by users. Despite the high potential, this area is more in the form of a passage where most of its users are just moving aimlessly in various forms, and if there is a stop, it is just a short sitting to relieve fatigue.

The main questions of the current study are:1- How can we utilize the behavioral patterns in environmental design?2- Which characteristic of architectural design should be considered in the riverside of Babolrood so that the existing space meets the user’s behavioral patterns?

The research method of the current study is divided into three stages. In the first stage, the exploratory observation was used to obtain preliminary information; then, in the second stage, the behavioral study was performed in the are for 48 days (4 days in each month for one year) on Saturdays, Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays. In the third stage, simultaneously with the observations using interviews, to reach a direct relationship with the audience. Notwithstanding the data collection, process was performed without intermediaries; the information was analyzed through qualitative content analysis.In order to achieve to this stage, firstly the behavior's frequency that is less than the one percent of the total cases, which means 400 observation cases, was not considered. In another word, the behaviors with the minimum numbers of 400 considered as repetitive behavior, and behaviors with less repetition than 400 are neglected. The next step belonged to behavioral plans. Due to reach clear behavioral plans, all behaviors for both genders (except children) were marked on happening location. The schematic behavioral patterns extracted which demonstrate the most compressed area in which repetitive behaviors happened.

The results of this study show that the available spaces are not used as predicted, behaviors do not occur in the predicted spaces, small activities, and dens of them at one point play a major and decisive role in deviation. Pedestrians deviate and will not use the routes if they do not have sufficient security and social monitoring. Finally, the information extracted from the data, including component, item, purpose, characteristics of behaviors, and spatial requirements, represented as a conclusion.

Research Problem: 

Optimum use of daylight, as one of the main effective factors in improving the quality of office spaces, plays an important role in reducing electric energy consumption and improving the performance and health of employees. In high-rise buildings, usable space with the potential to benefit from sufficient daylight is often placed between the outer wall and the core of the building, which we call "useful space" here. The floor height, the floor area, the geometric shape of the plan, and the orientation of the building are the most important physical components affecting the ratio between the useful space and the entire floor space. By simple decision in the initial stages of design, while increasing the ratio of useful space to the entire floor space, future conflicts between different design components can be avoided to optimize the natural lighting of the building. The importance of this issue in the design of tall office buildings is more visible due to the importance of using natural lighting, scale, and correlation of design components

Research Question:

 how is the correlation between floor height, plan shape, and the orientation of the building with the spatial daylight autonomy (SDA), as an index to measure the amount of useful floor space with the potential of using natural lighting in the interior space?

This paper applies spatial daylight autonomy (SDA) to assess the impact of geometrical parameters on daylight performance by dynamic simulation in typical plan shapes of tall open office buildings in Tehran’s climatic conditions. The research involves three steps: First, 100 high-rise office buildings built before 2022 are investigated to find tall office buildings' most common geometrical aspects. Each geometry is parametrically modeled in the Grasshopper plugin in the second stage. For this step, initial data such as floor area core to floor area are entered as inputs of daylight simulation. The Honeybee parametric plugin inputs include data such as material reflection, glass Visual Transmission (VT), geographic location, activity period, and office layout. In the last part, simulation results for each case are compared and optimized.

The results indicate that among the evaluated geometrical factors, the orientation of the building is less important than the plan shape and ceiling height on the SDA. Among the studied plan shapes, the triangle shape had the best daylight performance concerning the SDA index, followed by the rectangle and ellipse plan shapes. Results show that a slight change in the geometry can improve SDA by more than 10%. A comparison of the results of the orientation study on the amount of natural light in the indoor environment based on the SDA index in each of the studied geometric shapes shows that the change of orientation of the building relative to the south improves to about 4.5% in the geometry of the triangle. This effect is up to 3% in rectangular geometry, about 2% in the ellipse, and about 1% in the square. Results can be used as a simplified method for architects in the early design stages to assess the impact of the geometrical characteristics on the daylight performance of tall office buildings in Tehran city.

Research Problem: 

From the past, acoustic quality in the architectural form of collective spaces has been considered by architects. So far, the curve fitting equation and the form of acute and obtuse arcs have not been studied acoustically in large-scale lecture space. Researchers have studied the sound quality of curved roof shapes according to the type of arch, materials, height and their history. By analyzing the equation of curve fitting and form in acute and obtuse arcs in acoustics, it is possible to understand the form and computational structure of the arc based on acoustic quality, Which is directly affected by volume, surface, height to the opening and the curve fitting equation. Impaired speech and language communication is a factor in not paying attention to the acoustic quality of the environment. However, indoor acoustic environments are not limited to professional performance spaces. In recent years, architectural acoustics have used music in non-professional spaces, such as spaces such as offices, libraries, multipurpose spaces, lecture halls, etc. When a speech signal is transmitted in a space, the speech transmission index, the bending time and the speech resolution of this frequency in the transmission path are affected by the architectural form and change and affect the sound quality of the environment.

Research Question: 

What is The effect of architectural parameters and curve fitting equation of acute and obtuse arcs on the components of acoustic quality? What is the relationship between architectural parameters and acoustic quality components?

 Data collection is based on library data and simulated arcs. Using the combined method (simulation, descriptive analysis) is placed in the category of applied articles. After drawing the samples by the algorithm method in Grasshopper software, then the fitting curve by the matrix method was calculated with SPSS 22 software. After that, acoustic simulation was performed using odeon software. Descriptive analysis of arches with violin diagram was performed by RStudio software. Acute and ambiguous arc correlation analysis between architectural and acoustic variables was performed by Spearman method with SPSS software. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between non-parametric acoustic and architectural variables.

 Improving the acoustic quality in the lecture space is one of the most important goals of the architectural design of this space.The roof of the building is one of the most important factors that play an effective role in acoustic quality.Curved ceilings, despite their use and superior thermal quality, are good examples for reviewing and improving the acoustic quality of the lecture space.The analyzes revealed that the acute arcs at the reverberation time (RT) and speech transmission index (STI) had a higher median and at the clarity (C80) had a lower median than the obtuse arc. Decreasing the size of the forms increases the value of the speech transmission index (STI) and decreases the reverberation time (RT) and the clarity (C80). In the present study, the acoustic quality among the two groups of acute and obtuse forms of Iranian arcs is widely used. is