نشریه پژوهش های برنامه و توسعه
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1402)

Due to economic and managerial disorders, metropolitan peri-urban areas have lost their quality and habitability. Aspects and problems diversity on the one hand, and territorial and functional dispersion on the other hand, have made spatial planning problematic. SDI establishment can improve spatial data management and decrease parallel works, through the creation of metadata, standardization, and development of data-sharing policies in Tehran. However, many internal and external factors have made the implementation of SDI difficult. For this reason, the current research has presented strategies to fulfill the requirements of SDI establishment with a pathological approach and using the SWOT method and the analytical network process method (ANP); consequently, the most important strategies are extrapolated as follows: (1) Research for increasing the efficiency in SDI implementation, (2) Geoportal establishment to improve data management due to peri-urban thematic data diversity and (3) Human resource and new technologies development to reduce the dissipation of financial resources in creating parallel and low-efficient systems.

During recent decades, technological progress has led to the considerable growth and development of fintech in Iran. Since fintech affects the financial system, examining the impact of fintech on financial development is of particular importance. Accordingly, the current research aims to investigate the effect of fintech on financial development in Iran. To analyze the relationship between variables the thresholds regression approach and seasonal data for the period 2013-2022 were used. The results show that fintech leaves a positive and significant impact on financial development before and after the threshold level. However, after crossing the threshold level, such an impact will surge. Fintech causes a reduction in transaction costs through the use of technologies such as artificial intelligence, information transparency rising, and efficient access to financial services. Diminishing the financial cost and raising the information transparency increases financial sector efficiency by growing participation in the financial markets. Also, more rise in fintech, through increasing competition in financial markets, promotes innovation in providing financial products and services, the efficient allocation of resources, and the rise of the financial sector efficiency, which in turn leads to more expansion of financial development.

The first step of the development process is planning, which in turn requires the knowledge of facilities and capabilities of the environment and the sector. In other words, in national development planning, knowing the structure and condition of regions is one of the most important factors. Correspondingly, allocating budget resources to priority areas will increase the efficiency of these expenses. The recognized relative advantages of the regions in terms of employment, added value, and exports, along with effective incentives for investors to enjoy high returns, result in the achievement of macroeconomic goals such as reduced unemployment and increased foreign exchange earnings; that in turn will reduce inflation with minimal resources. The purpose of this study is to prioritize the sub-sectors of the industry of East Azarbaijan Province to achieve the goals of sustainable development by using Vikor, Topsys, Electre, and SAV methods. Accordingly, added value, foreign exchange, employment, productivity, and intensity of consumption of fossil fuels are considered sustainable development criteria. The results show that the first five options of investment opportunities in the province are the repair of machines, production of other machines with special applications, manufacturing of radiation equipment, electromedicine, and electrotherapy. Production of mining and construction machinery and furniture production are considered as preferred industries of the province, and as a result, it is suggested to invest by giving special privileges such as granting facilities, tax exemptions, economic incentives, etc. be directed to these industries.

Selecting a suitable approach to achieve sustainable economic growth, particularly in developing nations, has always been a central theme in economic research. Economists continually seek a universal factor driving this phenomenon. The theory of economic catch-up, rooted in the Schumpeterian school and informed by the developmental experiences of East Asia (South Korea, China, and Taiwan) offers a framework for understanding this growth and development. Since different sectors offer different potentials for developmental entry, selecting industries becomes a crucial question in transitioning from poverty to prosperity. Through an exploration of theoretical foundations and existing research, we've distilled four key indicators: technology life cycle, modularity of technology, explicit knowledge levels, and the extent of embodied technology transfer. These indicators serve as a framework for prioritizing and selecting industries in alignment with the catch-up approach. To determine priorities, we've assigned weights to these indicators using the hierarchical analysis method. Employing the PROMETHEE method to rank stock market industries in Iran, three industries emerged in the following order: computer and electronics, medical, optical, and measuring instruments, and automobile and spare parts. These findings provide a framework for identifying key industries in Iran's seventh development plan and industrial policy document, facilitating informed decision-making.

The educational system in some less developed and developing countries, including Iran, are expensive, inefficient, and weak, which in turn weakens the accomplishment of their educational system. In this view, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the costs of secondary education and school attendance in the provinces of Iran for the period 2006-2019. Long-term estimations using the panel pooled group mean test (Panel PMG) show that public expenditure on secondary education, household income, urbanization, public expenditure on health, and student-teacher ratio are statistically significant in explaining changes in school attendance. The coefficient of the main variable of the research, i.e. public education expenses, has a positive, significant, and trivial sign, which will reduce the quality of educational services provided in schools and, as a result, decrease the educational results. This result is not unexpected in Iran; because it is expected that more and higher public resources are needed to improve education measures. In general, the results showed that the state of the Ministry of Education's share of the government's general budget and GDP is not satisfactory, and with this state, it will not be possible to achieve educational justice. In order to fill the gap in providing quality education in Iran, there is a need for extensive interventions. Targeting secondary education by allocating more education budgets is important if the country is to expand access to secondary education, reduce dropouts and grade repetition, and increase enrollment rates. In addition, school officials must develop financial and administrative skills so that they receive, distribute, and use funds in more optimal ways.

The present study attempts to investigate the institutional factors affecting bilateral or multilateral investment treaties with regard to foreign direct investment. This is an applied research based on descriptive and correlational approach. In order to test the postulated hypotheses, given the availability of data, 42 countries were considered for the period 2006-2021, and the PPML technique was applied using Eviews 13 within the framework of the gravity model. The results showed that investment treaties have a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment, although this effect will be greater in the case of developing countries. Factors such as common language, market capacity, and distance also have a significant impact, whereas population and geographic proximity are not significant determinants for the flow of foreign direct investment except for the paired developing countries. In general, the empirical investigation demonstrated that a bilateral investment treaty acts as a signaling device, indicating that the host country is serious about protecting the investment.