فصلنامه پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
پیاپی 53 (تابستان 1402)

Isfahan in terms of geography, industry, history has a strategic position in the world. The city has experienced many power, ethnic and demographic changes throughout history, and this has led to the complexity of urban issues and the diversity of stakeholders, which has added to its uncertainties. The creative city of UNESCO handicrafts (Isfahan) needs a forward-looking look to be able to figure out a growing trend, but the uncertainties have led to the ambiguity of its long-term future. It can be seen in the strategic plans of Isfahan that despite 24 years of experience in planning, it still suffers from many problems such as: drought, reduced economic prosperity due to Covid-19, traffic, pollution and so on. The purpose of this study is to determine the components of strategic foresight as a capacity-building approach for the city of Isfahan in order to strengthen the strategic plan. This approach, by examining strategic issues, while preparing the capacities, can prepare the city to enter the field of competition. In the general model, 6 steps: input, analysis, interpretation, visioning, output, and strategy are defined for this approach. In this study, components in each step of the general model were extracted using the library study method and the meta-synthetzing method. After that, the validity of the model was assessed using the opinions of 26 experts and using the Lasse coefficient, and finally, using the opinions of 86 experts in Isfahan, and using the confirmatory factor analysis method, the final components were obtained with the help of PLS software. Finally, the role of each of these components was evaluated using the MICMAC matrix. Identifying key issues, uncertainties and drivers, strategic directions and scenario logic are key components in determining the pillars of the plan. The final confirmatory factor analysis model showed that the components of strategic foresight can be very effective in making Isfahan city plans efficient.

Green city is one the new approaches evoked by the concepts of sustainable urban development, which can be used to improve the quality of the environment and sustainable urban development. Meanwhile, following the outbreak of Covid 19 virus, the reduction or cessation of some activities has positive effects on the environment. On this basis, proper management and maintaining a favorable environmental situation resulting from this pandemic can pave the way to achieving sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this study is evaluate the stability of Ardabil city during the pavilion of Covid 19 with approach of realizing the green city. The leading research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature and method and its statistical population is citizens of the three regions of Ardabil. The method of determining the sample size was using Cochran's formula, in which 382 samples were determined. It should be noted that sampling method of this research is stratified random. Excle and SPSS software were used to analyze the data. Then, using the stability barometer model, the target areas were leveled. Findings show that score of stability of social dimension (0.522) economic (0.489), environmental (0.434) and total sustainability (0.476) and shows the average level of sustainability, welfare score Ecosystem is equal to (0.434) and human welfare is equal to (0.495). Among these, the towns of Azadi, Rezvan, Azadegan and Hafez due to having favorable conditions in all three dimensions of stability studied have the most positive impact and in contrast to Molabashi and Molayosef neighborhoods because they are informal settlements in all three dimensions of causal stability. Especially in environmental dimension, they have the most negative impact on the studied criteria. Therefore, the necessary planning in accordance with the strengths, weaknesses and priorities of each neighborhood is necessary..

Urban tourism is the interaction of tourist-host and the production of tourism space in relation to traveling to urban areas with different motivations and visiting attractions and using facilities and services related to tourism, which have different effects on the urban space and economy. Beautifying urban green spaces is also very important in urban life. An issue that is entirely related to the beautification and general health aspects of green space is the cultural background of the communities that use these spaces. Different cultures have different communications and value systems in relation to nature. As a result, the role of urban green spaces in promoting local quality of life, identity and personality may vary between different cultural groups within a particular city and even among individuals. Understanding how different cultural groups and subcultures use urban green spaces is crucial in developing optimal management systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is an analysis of urban green spaces in order to sustainable development of urban tourism with emphasis on the environmental dimension of Noor. In terms of applied and developmental purpose, the present research is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection method and in the form of a survey or field in which a researcher has made a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study is citizens, travelers and those referring to urban green spaces, which will be selected based on stratified random sampling method and using Cochran's formula. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was distributed among the selected sample. To analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire, sample t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. The findings show that in order to evaluate and study the effects of green spaces and urban parks on tourism development and boost the tourism industry in Noor, it indicates that green spaces located in the city can greatly Prosper the tourism industry in Noor to be effective.

In the present age, the main cause of crises in human societies is rooted in social inequalities and lack of social justice. In this regard, the purpose of this study is the future of social justice research in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis. This research is applied in terms of purpose and according to the components under study, the prevailing approach is descriptive-analytical method and in terms of method is a combination of library and survey methods. The scope of research of Tabriz metropolis and the statistical population of 50 experts in the field of urban issues, including experts of Tabriz metropolitan municipality, consulting engineers and some university professors specializing in the field of study. In order to analyze the data, environmental and Delphi scanning techniques were used to extract the primary factors and Micmac software was used to identify the key factors. Based on the findings of the Delphi method and environmental scanning, 30 factors in the economic, physical, social, cultural and political fields were identified as the primary effective factors in achieving spatial justice in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis. After analysis by Mick Mac software, finally 11 factors including equal access to sustainable housing, equal access to educational opportunities, equitable distribution and equal access to cultural facilities and services, equal access to positions and economic opportunities Equitable distribution of infrastructure, facilities and equipment, equal access to health and medical facilities, welfare, recreation, equitable distribution of wealth and income, good urban governance, access to equal opportunities in the use of facilities and resources, and fair access to security for all people in the region In contrast, physical, mental and psychological threats were identified as key factors in achieving social justice in the spatial structure of Tabriz metropolis.

In the face of various urban crises and their proper management, it is necessary to adopt coherent planning and forecasting in advance. This type of exposure and planning is rooted in the concept of resilience. Resilience can provide stability and coherent management for urban areas and reduce their vulnerability in times of crisis. In this context, one of the important issues is the correct understanding of the current situation of cities in terms of resilience. In this research, the goal is to evaluate urban resilience based on eco-oriented sustainability in Faiz Abad neighborhood of Kermanshah as an old and central context. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data. The data collection tool was a questionnaire that was collected at the level of the statistical population (4830 people) in Faiz Abad neighborhood. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 356 people. The structural and content validity of the verification tool as well as the reliability were confirmed with Cronbach's alpha above 0.70. The results showed that the social, economic, environmental, physical-spatial and institutional resilience in Faiz Abad neighborhood was significant at a level of less than 0.05, which also indicates that the resilience of the neighborhood is considered inadequate; The best situation among the 18 resilience indicators is related to the environmental and spatial threats index with an average of (3.201). Other indicators of resilience, including place belonging (2.130); social participation (1.422); economic vulnerability (1/369); economic support (1.100); environmental health (2/254); urban infrastructures (1.941); housing quality (2/831); preparedness to deal with accidents (1.569); The capacity of spontaneous and popular institutions (1.337) have been unfavorable. Also, the result of the Kruskal-Wallis test confirmed that there is a significant difference of less than 0.05 between the different areas of Faizabad neighborhood (Sabze Maidan, Abshouran, Jalokhan, Jalili and Nobti) in terms of resilience.

The new approach to knowledge-based urban development focuses on four key economic, environmental, organizational and socio-cultural aspects, so that the emergence of knowledge-based economy is considered as the main factor in the development of global and local economies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the role of the desired urban structure in the realization and development of the city of knowledge in Bandar Abbas by descriptive-analytical method and quantitative measurement (questionnaire) and using the pairwise comparison test, T and Friedman. The statistical population of the study is knowledge staff in 55 growth and technology centers of Bandar Abbas, which is a total of 258 people in the whole community. The results show that by comparing the current situation of Bandar Abbas and the city of knowledge with the spider diagram, it was found that Bandar Abbas has differences with the ideal in terms of indicators of the city of knowledge and the biggest difference is related to the structure index. It is urban and the results of the T test show that among the principles of the city of knowledge, the average importance of the urban structure index with 2.95 has the highest value, urban infrastructure with 2.90 and knowledge sharing with 2.71 and the importance of technology and information with 1.90 have a higher average value, respectively. Also, the comparison of the average rankings shows that the highest average rank is allocated to the urban structure with a value of 3.88, which means that the most important effective indicator in attracting knowledge staff in Bandar Abbas in terms of creative class is the desirable urban structure. Therefore, in order to retain knowledge workers in Bandar Abbas and due to the low average rank of knowledge-based environment, knowledge-based security and knowledge-based government, these three items should be on the agenda of city officials, elites and people.

In order to establish order and balance in the hierarchy of the urban space system, as well as following the macro and regional policies for the development of human settlements, every year in our country, villages become cities. The policy of turning the village into a city leads to many changes and developments in the field of new urban space and sometimes brings with it many problems and issues. The inhabitants of these residential spaces are the most indigenous and local strata who are aware of the effects of this policy. Therefore, examining the effects of the policy of turning the village into a city from their point of view is an important step in criticizing and examining this macro policy in our country. The purpose of the present quantitative and applied study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, is to study and analyze the effects of the policy of converting rural areas to cities from the perspective of Shahoo Rurban residents (located in Ravansar Township and Kermanshah province). The statistical population of the study consists of 1049 heads of households, of which 150 are considered as a statistical sample. The main tool for collecting field data is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity (formality) and reliability have been reviewed and confirmed. The results show that the level of residents' satisfaction with the policy of converting the village to the city with an average of 3.33 is above average. However, the results of the study of the effects of rural-urban transformation policy based on the main dimensions of sustainable urban development using the Wilcoxon test show the average rank calculated for the dimensions of social, cultural, economic and environmental-physical development in the pre-urbanization stage. 59.29, 48.82 and 13, respectively, which were changed to 55.38, 42.83 and 55.18, respectively. In fact, the results indicate the success of the policy of transforming the village into a city in the environmental-physical dimension and its failure in social, cultural and economic dimensions.

Worn tissues are highly prone to crime due to their social, economic, cultural and physical-environmental characteristics. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is Influential components prioritization on inhabitants security of urban worn textures in Central area of Tehran. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The statistical population includes the worn tissues residents in the 11th and 12th districts of Tehran.The sample size is estimated at 400 based on the Cochran's formula. Various methods have been used for analysis for the safety assesment of residents such as confirmatory factor analysis, Bartlett, Kalmogorov-Smirnov test, correlation coefficient matrix and path analysis. LISREL8.8 software is used for data analysis. The results of Kiser / Meyer / Alkin (KMO) sampling adequacy tests are equal to 0.66. As a result, the adequacy of the number of samples is confirmed. Based on Bartlett significance test (P <0.001; df = 105; X2 = 040/740), is rejected the hypothesis of no correlation between variablesThe research findings has indicate that based on the results of Kalmogorov-Smirnov test, the distribution of all relationships is normal in the components and variables of the research. The amount of T-statistics for research variables including feeling of security, lighting, passages, pattern of activities and uses, quality of residential areas, form of space, citizen identity, population density, social monitoring, employment and housing are equal to 10.52, 8/29 , 5/18, 9/62, 8/79, 9/88, 10/29, 7/11, 4/56, 9/61 and 8/69 respectively. These variables have a significant effect on the security of worn textures residents in the central area of Tehran, considering the value of T-statistics and their appropriate level of significance (0.001). According to the route analysis model, the component of feeling safe had the most effect with a coefficient of 0.20. Then, components have had the greatest impact such as Lighting(with a coefficient of 0.15), passages(0.14), pattern of activities and uses(0.10), quality of residential areas(0.09), form of space(0.07), identity of citizens(0.06), population density(0.05), social monitoring(0.03) and finally employment(0.04).

Today, the development of metro lines as one of the urban transportation systems is one of the major issues in metropolitan areas. Wasting time and energy, increasing the cost of living, and increasing environmental pollution in urban life are some of the consequences of ignoring the role of rail transportation. The development of lines and the commissioning of new lines in the Tehran metro network are among the requirements of this metropolis. In the present study, using a spatial panel data model and a new approach in the use of spatial weight matrix, during 1397: 12-1393: 1 factors affecting the increase in the number of passengers and the effects of overflow of intersection stations on Tehran metro lines with the aim of investigating the extent of Tehran metro network in the use of public transport are needed. After performing various tests, the spatial lag model with random effects was confirmed. The results of estimating the SAR model show that the correlation between the number of passengers through the interchange stations channel is about 19% and if the number of interchange stations per line increases, the number of passengers on other lines will increase significantly. The direct and indirect effect of the number of stations on each line shows that increasing the number of stations has a 2.6% effect on the number of passengers on the lines, and this effect is also significant if crossing the interchange stations channel. Due to the low price of energy in the country, the price of oil has not had a significant effect on reducing or increasing the number of passengers, but the direct and indirect effect of ticket prices, which is considered as a possible rate ceiling in each period, is negative and significant. . The results of the present study show the need to pay attention to the effects of overflow of interchange stations and the number of stations in the development of Tehran metro lines.

Supplying the security of citizens is one of the concerns of designers, planners and city officials. Due to its many complexities, knowing cities requires the use of new methods and techniques that can facilitate decision making. The focus of this article is the analysis of the road network in the deteriorated urban tissue.In this article, design solutions at first and then evaluation of these solution have been presented by the “Space Syntax” technique. The research process has been compiled based on the hypothesis of a significant relationship between “Space Configuration" of deteriorated urban tissue with environmental security. Therefore, this article examines, analyzes, presents the plan and re-evaluates the plan in Qalsmatan neighborhood of Karaj with the aim of increasing the security of citizens. In order to test the hypothesis, the "spatial configuration" of Qalamestan neighborhood was extracted based on the axial map in DepthMap software and its relationship was analyzed through the correlation test with the security of passages by Spss23 software. The results show a significant direct relationship between “Integration" and a significant inverse relationship between "depth" and "environmental security" of roads. In the final stage, the proposed projects were evaluated through the above method. The results of the evaluation indicate the improvement of environmental security of the roads in the proposed plan; thus, the level of interconnection increased from 0.536 to 0.646 and the depth of passages decreased from 13.309 to 10.954.Also, the variable average of “Connectivity” of commercial passages has decreased and in residential passages this amount has increased slightly. Based on results, in Qalamestan neighborhood, the security in the passages can be increased if the amount of "interconnection" increases and the amount of "depth" decreases.

Worn-out textures could not respond to the citizen’s needs due to such challenges in socio-cultural, physical-ecological and economical-managerial aspects. According to the development of the proven worn-out textures, the government are not able to take over and rehabilitate such structures separately. In case of following the past procedures, worn-out texture with massive destructive effects could impact on different aspects of cities immediately. As a remedy, effective tools like citizen participation should be taken into account for organizing these unplanned areas in cities. The study aim is to investigate the factors affecting the level of citizen participation and to provide remedies for increase of public participation in the process of urban worn-out textures rehabilitation consequently. The research objective is an applied study and it established mensuration method with focus on analytical-descriptive and co-relation analysis. Also, it carried out library study and field survey for data collection. Using Cochran's formula, 291 people were selected as the sample size. The outcomes from the Sign test were -10.95, which indicated the lack of effective participation of the residents. The results of T-test indicated physical, socio-cultural, economical and managerial dimensions with an average of 4.12, 4.60, 3.81 and 4.22, respectively, were effective factors on citizen participation. Furthermore, the results of Kendall's tau-b test showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between all four dimensions and the level of participations. Finally, the results of the Ordinal logistic regression test approved that all four dimensions of the independent variable were able to predict the level of citizen participation whereas the socio-cultural dimension had the greatest impact with 54.85%.

Looking at the historical context, it is obvious that their formation and life are based on special principles related to the city's climate and Iranian culture, and its body has become harmonious and coherent in historical, cultural, social and environmental continuity. Ro has a special personality and identity. Cultural identity as a guiding factor has led to the emergence of unique methods in the traditional architecture of cities such as Shushtar and Dezful. Among these, we can mention the architecture of markets as the center of social and cultural activities in Iranian cities. The present study aims to investigate the indicators of spatial identity in the traditional markets of Dezful and Shushtar in order to identify these indicators and use them in traditional Iranian markets in order to maintain identity in today's urban space. The research method is descriptive-historical with a qualitative approach that has studied the nature of identity in the traditional markets of Dezful and Shushtar by analyzing the information obtained from field observations, interviews, using documentary sources and maps.According to the research findings, the continuity and combination of three main components, including formal, semantic and social dimensions, which are set and presented in the form of 19 indicators, is the identifying factor to the texture space of traditional historical markets of Dezful and Shushtar. In such a way that these characteristics have led to the creation of spaces with identity that can instill a sense of belonging to the human being in the environment and ultimately cause the unity of human beings with their surroundings. In fact, one of the ways to preserve and revive identity in the city and urban elements is to maintain cultural continuity between today, yesterday and tomorrow, and this cultural continuity by recognizing the concepts and principles of identifying urban spaces in Iran's historic cities and using it. It is possible to design new urban spaces.