نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 49 (پاییز 1401)

This research is trying to review the anthology named Koorsorkhi written by Alieh Ataei based on sociological criticism and genetic structuralism method. Lucien Goldman ,the theorist in this field, founded the method of genetic structuralism based on George Lukac’s views in sociology of literature.In this critical approach, the structure and content of the literary work is studied in relation to the structures of the society that story developed in. Alieh Ataei is an Iranian- Afghan writer who published Koorsorkhi. This book is driven from her life which can be the representative of Afghan immigrants’ life.The method in this research is descriptive- analytical and the results show that the auther , more than anything else, has discussed the identity crisis of Afghan immigrants She blamesas eastern and western powers and the passivity of Afghan men for the endless problems of Afghanestan.

Linguistic aspects of translation Jacobsen (1896-1982), is one of the influential linguists and writers in the field of literary criticism and theories. One of his influential articles, which was written in line with the analysis of "poetic character" and poetic language of poetry, and examines the general rules of transforming linguistic signs into poetry; Linguistic aspects of translation (1959).In this article, while distinguishing three types of translation according to the philosophy of linguistics, he also emphasizes the presence of implicit meanings and semantic transformations in the language of poetry. The main design of his article tries to distinguish between two practical and linguistic functions; Poetic language is linguistic, and language that focuses on the ultimate meaning of the message will be practical. Our review shows that interpretation, re-creation and semantic transformations are two important components that have pushed the poetic language of al-Tayir to the direction of "intra-lingual" and "inter-lingual" translations.

Vahshibafighi is one of poets of the Safavid era, who is especially important because of his special style of rhetoric and realism. In this essay, with the aim of social criticism of Bafaghi's poems, descriptive, analytical and testimonial methods are discussed in his poetry. Although the savage is full of love and romance in his poems, at the same time, he talks about various topics such as: "pain and suffering caused by the disordered state of society, social poverty, the situation of different classes, the effects of the environment and climate on him, the state of social phenomena , is clearly visible. By examining the poems of Bahweh, one can get to know the attitude of Safavid rulers towards different classes, the view of Bahweh and society towards these rulers, the prevalence of honesty or hypocrisy in the society, the atmosphere and political atmosphere that prevailed in that period.

The fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing the processes, the level of participation of the characters in the story is determined. The point of view in some stories is the third person of the reflector, in some the third person of the narrator, and in the story of "Intention to make the Kaaba of Rabia" the third person is the reflector-narrator. Descriptive suspense and delay are visible, for example in expressing the hardships of the Hajj journey and Rabia's fear of worldly possessions and self-deception.sometimes a mystic who teaches others and sometimes a seeker who learns by himself. The relations between actors or participants of the discourse are formed as an unequal, formal, public and equal relationship

 One of the parts of the stories of One Thousand and One Nights is the story of the "Jewish tailor and the hunchback". In this section, a Jewish person is worried that he accidentally caused the death of a hunchback and is afraid that if the Muslims find out about his work, they will "remove the Jewish generation from the earth". "Violence" can be observed in this passage. In a comparative approach, in order to find the root of this phrase, this article has gone through many versions and translations of the stories of the Thousand and One Nights and came to the conclusion that the sentence in question did not exist in its Persian root before it was translated into Arabic, and when it was translated again from Arabic to Farsi has been added to it.

Rhetoric in Persian literature has always been dependent on the three skills of expression, originality and meaning. It is obvious to everyone that it is the use of these literary Arts that transforms language into literature. However, we cannot ignore this fact that all literary works mentioned in ancient rhetorical texts do not have the same quality. Many of these works are far from literary value, and they cannot be considered literary based on the same attitude of ancient rhetoricians. This research aims to determine which literary Arts can have literary value in terms of quality and which ones lack value. The method of this research is analytical and descriptive, and its statistical collection is generally three books: Turman al-Balagha, Hadaiq al-Sahr fi Daqayq al-Shaar, Al-Mu'ajm fi Ma'ayir al-Ajm poems. Based on this research, literary elements are divided into four categories: first grade, second grade, intermediate elements and inactive Arts.