مجله توسعه علوم انسانی
پیاپی 7 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

In recent years, the title of “global philosophy” has drawn a lot of attention and is applied to new meanings and connotations. In such orientations, on the one hand, attention is paid to the global conditions, which require more convergence and participation than ever before, and on the other hand, to the capacity of cultures for contribution and dialogue to encounter with the issues of the contemporary world. For this reason, if the purpose is to reach a global thought/philosophy, it is necessary to reread the talent of philosophical traditions, so that the possibility of the formation of a global thought/philosophy can be scrutinized. Among contemporary philosophical traditions, “intercultural philosophy” has dealt with this issue more than other philosophical trends. In intercultural thinking, the elements and foundation of “dialogue” based on mutual understanding have been examined and the barriers to dialogue and participation are discussed. Since this orientation contains teachings and appropriate recommendations for the dialogue and participation of cultures, in Iran too, it can be taken into deliberate consideration as a call arising from contemporary temporal conditions. In the course of this research, it is possible to query the relation of sciences and especially humanities with global/intercultural philosophical orientation and examine the state of sciences in Iran in such an atmosphere.

There are some observations indicate examples of misconduct in academic environments, such as credentialism, academic plagiarism, and parasitic behaviors in joint activities. Academics cannot actualize academic ethics as they should, carrying out social responsibilities has become controversial and the social impacts of academics in reducing human bitterness, human hardships and sufferings have been doubted. These have been the result of the distortion of academic autonomy and freedom and ultimately academic ethics. The university has been a colonial territory of the government. To investigate this issue, three ethical logics are the main basis of the present study; a. ethics of result and benefit, b. ethics of duty and responsibility; and c. virtue ethics. Academic ethics has been compared based on the three mentioned logics. Then, the author has discussed referring to two academic philosophies, that is, the philosophy of Immanuel Kant and the philosophy of Max Weber. The finding of the study was that in the absence of academic autonomy and freedom, the whole academic ethics goes to waste. If there is no academic autonomy and freedom, not only the academic ethics, but also the existential philosophy of science, scientific teaching and learning and science operation are distorted, the nature of science, the structural and functional requirements of science are damaged, and science basically loses its objectivity. In this study, five categories of academics were observed and typologized: 1. academic emigrates, 2. academic cryptographers, 3. academic pragmatists, 4. academic staff and 5. academic intellectuals. The best situation of academic ethics is possible in the fifth type, which is an optimal combination of ethics of results, ethics of responsibility and ethics of virtue.

Territorial sovereignty of the three Iranian Islands (Abu Musa, Greater Tunb and Lesser Tunb), has been a matter of concern through UAE’s propaganda, particularly in recent years. The UAE’s legally weak claim, with no compelling evidence and changing straight base line via the artificial islands by this country, has caused severe breaches of certain conventional and customary rules of international law especially since 2022. This article has focused on just one of the multi aspects of UAE’s legal claims with regard to tribal, linguistic, kinship, and religious ties, between Qawasim in Lengeh and Qawasim in Trucial coast. Our findings indicate that Qawasim in Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah, before 1 :1971) have not had territorial capacity, beyond “shaykhdom” in the lower Persian Gulf region. 2) the presence of Qawasim’s branches in Bandar Lengeh and kangan, is not proving any “territorial ties” with the three Iranian islands (as dependencies of Lengeh). Accordingly, the main question of the article is: whether trucial shaykhs, before establishment of the UAE and transforming to independent State in 1971, had legal capacity for territorial claim on these Islands? In other words, which types of international subjects/entities, under which circumstances have the territorial capacity? – According to jurisprudence of ICJ and other international tribunals, the main argument of the article is: neither general rules of international law nor some criteria which have been made specifically for countries in lower Persian Gulf, support UAE’s claim in respect of the three Iranian islands. In this context, absence of any common institution or establishment, clearly explain complete separation between Qawasim in two sides of the coast. Also, Britain’s role and “special treaty relation”, – particularly 1892 Protection Treaty- entered into force between Britain and shaykhs, has key importance in this case, which has been examined in the article.

The importance of industrial development in discussions of economic growth is emphasized due to the fact that productive activities are the main drivers of economic growth and national development. Industrial development refers to the structural transformation of the economy, accompanied by increased levels of production and technological advancements. However, countries pursue different paths to achieve industrial development, and analyzing this phenomenon is not solely limited to economic considerations; it requires a political economy perspective. Analyzing the underdevelopment of industry in Iran from a political economy perspective can reveal various dimensions and, to some extent, help identify the sequence of events through political analysis, contributing to the transformation of the country’s industrial structure. This article aims to examine the influential factors contributing to the underdevelopment of industry from a political economy standpoint. Despite the emphasis on development plans for industrialization, an examination of the industrial sector over the past decade suggests an inherent incompatibility in the country’s industrial structure. The availability of cheap resources concentrated on resource extraction and the limited capacity of the industry to withstand external shocks due to its dependence on these resources, limited competitiveness and low diversity of the export basket, inappropriate investment environment (high risk), and reduced capital formation in this sector all indicate the inefficiency of the country’s industrial structure. Over the past decade, the country’s industry has not only failed to utilize existing capacities effectively but has also suffered from the incapacity to enhance its potential in this sector. This trend will continue to weaken the industry and mining sector and reduce production capacity. From a political economy perspective, this underdevelopment can be analyzed through inappropriate institutional structures, the influence of political and social powers in shaping industrial policies, low technological capacity of supported enterprises, low capacity of economic organizations (competitiveness), mismanagement of rent distribution, political influence in lobbying and rent-seeking, and the expansion of state and quasi-state ownership.

According to the new theory of metaphor, metaphors contribute a crucial role in understanding phenomena by structuring and classifying concepts and the semantic system of the human mind. Based on this, by diagnosing the metaphors governing people’s minds, it is possible to understand their way of looking at the world to some extent and predict their actions towards their surrounding environment. On the other hand, the purpose of social sciences, including management, is to understand, predict and control human actions. A simple comparison between the stated function of identifying people’s mind metaphors and the purpose of social sciences can well explain the status of metaphor research (with the aim of describing people’s mind metaphors) in social sciences. However, despite the stated importance, no coherent and systematic method for metaphor research has been presented so far, and often the results of these researches, i.e., metaphors, have been given attention. The authors intend to present a revised method for metaphor research in organization and management studies in the form of five main steps: statement of the problem and research rationale, research question, data collection method, data interpretation method, and how to write the conclusion in metaphorical research.

Seyyed Jamaluddin Asadabadi is an important and influential personality who, almost 120 years after his death, is still in the focus of researchers and analysts. Based on this, the current article is organized with the genealogical approach of research studies in order to introduce various spectrums of researches around Seyyed Jamal. In fact, this article is responsible for highlighting and introducing various angles from which Seyyed Jamal’s character has been studied and analyzed. It should be said that in two steps, this article introduces various aspects of Seyyed Jamal’s scientific-social-political life from the perspective of previous studies. The first step is dedicated to the introduction of lasting works left by Seyyed Jamal’s pen and expression, and the second step, to the introduction and genealogy of the studies that have been written around the analysis of the aspects of Seyyed Jamal’s personality, biography, thought and the foundations of his religious, scientific, social and political activities. In general, there are two major approaches, positive and negative, about Seyyed Jamal’s vision, character, and individual, social, and political actions, and at least, the result of genealogical research on Seyyed Jamal is awareness and knowledge of the scope and extent of the background of studies and researches around him, which is from this way, the way to access the sources of knowledge and obtain more information will be provided for their better understanding.

Today’s organizations are increasingly facing environments with uncertainty, complexity and dynamism. These environmental needs require organizations to make decisions faster than these unpredictable, rapid, and uncontrollable changes. Based on this, the traditional management method in organizations where employees obey the organizational structures and processes without question is no longer suitable for this situation and instead, conditions should be provided in which people can make decisions, create ideas, and new methods to participate in organizational activities in order to create innovation and initiative. Recent research by the McKinsey Global Institute indicates that in order to thrive in the future of work, employees need to acquire “self-leadership” skills such as driving change and innovation, ownership and decisiveness, and coping with uncertainty (Dondi et al., 2021). The purpose of this article is to know the concept of projection and to consider the fields of development of career path based on projection, which has been focused on the study and review of scientific articles related to this field by using metacombination method in order to provide a framework for the concept of proactivity of career path in today’s organizations.

Empirically, the term “governance” is the institutions, methods, and practices that emerged during the last quarter of a century to overcome the institutional fragmentation caused by market-oriented changes. The purpose of different governance models is to achieve guidance, coordination, and control of people and organizations to achieve the expected results. In this path, it uses the capacity of institutions and actors and various sources beyond the government, power dependence in relationships between institutions, self-organizing networks of governing, and new leadership methods instead of command and hierarchy. However, there are issues and challenges on this path. Hence, in the present paper, which is the result of research conducted using the thematic analysis method, authoritative books and articles were collected and governance issues and challenges were divided and were explored into three categories: challenges related to structure, challenges related to the process, and challenges related to the efficiency and the results of governance.