نشریه فرهنگ و ادبیات عامه
پیاپی 52 (مهر و آبان 1402)

The literature of popular culture, based on beliefs, thoughts, and desires, has featured many adaptations and revisions of mythical epic narratives. It has been used as a model to create new stories that afford insight into the general perception and perspectives on these tales. This study aims to undertake a comparative analysis of the characters, actions, and mythical epic motifs of the story “Kor-e Asb-e Siah” in Bakhtiari culture and the story of "Siavash" in Shahnameh using document analysis. The comparative investigation encompasses an examination of their social backgrounds, physical attributes, and actions of stepmom characters, horse characteristics, and seeking asylum in another land. The results demonstrated significant similarities between these two stories; the main protagonists are princes with indeterminate maternal lineage, possessing corporeal beauty and horses that share similar qualities such as color, intelligence, and the ability to jump high. Additionally, their stepmothers are seeking for a sexual desire, both ultimately taking refuge in another land, getting married, and building a city and palace for themselves. Nevertheless, there are divergences between these stories; the story of Siavash features more politically motivated character behavior, whereas “Kor-e Asb-e Siah” emphasizes on familial matters. Hence, it could be concluded that “Kor-e Asb-e Siah” in Bakhtiari culture is a creative retelling or adaptation of the story of Siavash.

persian proverbs are one of the oldest literary examples that have influenced the speech and behavior of the iranian people since ancient times. due to the fact that proverbs are derived from the taste, knowledge and experience of different classes of society, their acceptance and popularity among the people has also been high. research in the proverbs of society helps to better understand different aspects of society's life and culture, and in this way, neglected aspects of public culture will be studied and investigated more precisely. some negative teachings and bad habits spread in a language through proverbs. this article has examined these aspects in persian proverbs and while emphasizing the existence of good teachings in most persian proverbs, it has also discussed the bad teachings of some of them. ridiculous jokes about the lands and the inhabitants of each land or its people, humiliation of those who have different religious beliefs, humiliation of some physical characteristics, ridicule of some family roles and especially women's roles, completely passive fatalism, justification of unpleasant behaviors such as intellectual tyranny and mocking jokes with some special names and similar negative teachings can be seen in persian proverbs.

In the process of modernizing societies, numerous cultural elements, roles, and social structures undergo changes and transformations. These transformations are influenced by the form and structure of societies, the type and function of elements, and the way social roles are understood and confronted within the context of modernity. The Bakhtiari society, characterized by its traditional structure within Iranian society, has witnessed rapid changes and transformations in recent decades. These changes impact various tribal and familial structures, relationships between social roles, customs, and traditions. By conducting field studies and research, as well as examining literature and art as manifestations of the broader culture of the society under investigation, valuable insights can be gained through sociological investigations of these transformations. This research undertakes an analysis and examination of two screenplays, The Skier (Ski-Baz) and The Twelfth Team-mate, (Yar-e-Davazdahom) directed by Fereydoun Najafi, from a sociological perspective through Anthony Giddens' theory. Giddens delineates four essential components of traditions, which serve as a framework for the analysis. The research findings illustrate that both screenplays, The Skier and The Twelfth Team-mate embody the four components of tradition from Giddens' perspective. In Bakhtiari society, traditions have not vanished but instead endured as they are cherished and safeguarded by individuals. According to Giddens, these traditions are deeply embedded in the group's identity (Bakhtiari tribe) and are constantly reasserted across various domains.

Lullabies are one of the most important songs in public literature of any nation, which have been handed down from past to the present day. In Balochi, these types of songs are called "Lilo" or "Loli". This article examines Lilo in the Balochi language and introduces these popular poetries before analyzing them from two perspectives of structure and content. The author collected the most popular lullabies while introducing such songs, investigating the meter and form, rhyme and rhythm. Then, the most important themes and functions and their connection with social life, religious concepts, life situation and their beliefs have been investigated. The format of all Lilos is "Traditional Balochi" and in terms of meter, they are often prosodic and close to poetical meter. Some of the themes observed in such songs are: Expressing the wishes of a mother for her child, praying, serenity, reducing anxiety, inspiring the happiness and cuddling of the child, fighting against enemy, assimilating child to national heroes, expressing the brand of baby food, a bridegroom with a heavy dowry, hospitality and praying for childless mothers to have children. The method of investigation in this article is field studies and descriptive-analytical method based on sixty lullabies.

The idea of predestination and free will and the role or lack of fate in life events have always existed in the minds of thinkers and have been reflected in different ways and works. The common people have been involved with these two dimensions, and its manifestations have entered the folklore and native literature of a land and region. The purpose of this article was to examine the deterministic view in the folktales of Hormozghan province, from perspectives such as the roots and reasons for the spread of this idea, those quarreling fate, the degree of fit between fate and an individual's competence, the issues supported by fate, among others. Reasons such as the inability of the populace to make changes and achieve their desired goals, religious and historical roots and the remnants of some Zurvanism beliefs are among the factors that lead to this idea. Emphasizing the role of fate is one of the weak points of plot in these stories and the weakening of rational actions. There is no logical connection in many cases in terms of the proportionality of the power of fate and a person's ability. In these stories, fate is present as an active and powerful fictional character or as a judge who regulates their actions and results so that, in the end, the supported character is defeated against powerful quarrelers such as the king. From the thematic point of view, the most frequent topic supported by fate is the marriage of two characters.

This article examines the cultural and native characteristics of marriage rituals in Fars province's southern regions, focusing on Alamarvdasht. Through ethnographic research, data was collected in the field and through interviews with locals. The study analyzes the ritual, emphasizing its unique elements and connections to "rites of passage." By showcasing the diverse customs and beauties of the region, this research contributes to understanding and appreciating Fars province's cultural heritage.