فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 50، بهار 1402)

The rapid growth of urbanization in Third World countries is causing regional balances to collapse; in the meantime, the adoption of some economic policies attracts facilities into several limited areas and the backwardness of other One of the issues facing planners in different regions of the country is the risk of developing major cities in the face of the underdevelopment of small towns and rural areas. This article aims to study and compare the cities of Ilam province in terms of developmental indicators and their developmental extent by using TOPSIS and AHP method with emphasis on system attitude. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant imbalance between Ilam and other counties of the province, and the city of Ilam is the only city with other provinces in the province. Thus, it can be said that the total number of Counties in the province of Ilam is only 14.3% and 85.7% of them are deprived.

Due to the effectiveness of some of the problems of metropolises, it seems necessary to adopt management solutions and design and implement appropriate traffic systems in cities through the urban management complex. The present study aims to evaluate traffic control management solutions in Kianpars and Zeitoun Karmandi neighborhoods. This theoretical-applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method. Also, library and field research techniques were used to collect data. In field research, experts' opinions were collected via a questionnaire after the final approval of the solutions. The research results showed that in Kianpars neighborhood, spatial-physical divisions with a Beta coefficient of 0.532 and supervisory-management divisions with a Beta coefficient of 0.324 have the highest effects on urban transport. Integrated management and public transport, with a Beta coefficient of 0.309, and construction infrastructures, plans, and projects, with a Beta coefficient of 0.254, are in the third and fourth ranks of effectiveness. For Zeitoun Karmandi neighborhood, the highest effect belongs to integrated management and public transport with a Beta coefficient of 0.563, and construction infrastructures, plans, and projects with a Beta coefficient of 0.304. Supervisory management with a Beta coefficient of 0.278, is put in the next rank. The low average of an indicator causes the sum of the indicators to be lower than the baseline.

The present study tries to evaluate the effectiveness of the trainings provided using the virtual reality technique. The present research is an applied type that has been done by descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, Microsoft visual studio software has been used for programming and unity game engine has been used to make the game (simulated environment). The statistical population of the study includes 80 citizens of region 4 of Kerman city. By placing individuals in a simulated position through virtual reality glasses, their behavior was collected based on the four levels of the Kirkpatrick model. Also, a questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed according to Cronbach's alpha model of 0.936. Descriptive statistics and one-sample t-test were also used to analyze the data. The research findings show that citizens have had a favorable reaction to the training provided at the level of reaction, learning, behavior and results, and the training provided by the virtual reality technique has had a positive effect on their learning; their skills have increased and can have good results for individuals and society. The results show that the average effectiveness of the trainings conducted by the virtual reality technique to improve the performance of citizens was equal to 3.18. The value of t is significant at the level of 0.05, so there is a significant difference between the theoretical mean and the experimental mean. Therefore, it can be concluded that the training provided by the virtual reality technique has been statistically effective.

Today, very important cities such as Yazd, which have cultural richness and distinct traditional architecture, have seen severe damage due to instability in their newly built structures. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the aspects that will accelerate the revival of traditional identity and its sustainable development. The results of this study, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, show that the city of Yazd, despite the damage it has seen from the implementation of modern architecture in its new context, fortunately, due to the richness of urban planning and green architecture, is suitable for its hot and dry climate. , still maintains its efficiency and vitality, and the principles and characteristics related to the urban fabric, neighborhoods and buildings of Yazd city are in line with the general principles of sustainable and traditional architectural criteria in sustainable urban development in three environmental, economic and social fields. Therefore, the architectural style, which has been implemented with a green orientation and continuity of sustainability and without pressure on nature and more energy consumption, has played a very important role in creating socio-cultural and economic interactions and ultimately the sustainable development of this city. Of course, the adverse consequences of the spread and prevalence of buildings incompatible with the region's climate should not be neglected, and it is necessary to return to traditional architecture and combine it with modern architecture, take more appropriate steps in the direction of urban development and solve many problems. He came and helped.

Empowerment is a concept that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Empowerment in today's growing and unpredictable world is becoming a fundamental issue that grants a certain degree of independence and responsibility to human resources. This study aims to provide a model of human resource empowerment in In order to respond to environmental crises, it was done at Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz. In this research, which is fundamental-applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of method, first by reviewing previous researches in the field of human resources empowerment, with the help of the multi-combination approach of three categories of individual, organizational and environmental factors affecting the empowerment of human resources in line with accountability to environmental crises in Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz and its components were extracted. Further, by conducting interviews with experts, the conceptual model of the research was presented. The experts included 20 university employees familiar with empowerment. Using the researcher-made questionnaire, the conceptual model was tested. The reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach's alpha and content and construct validity based on the opinions of professors and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population is 10,000 people, according to Morgan's table, a sample size of 373 people was selected randomly. After appropriate fitting of measurement models, structural and general models, the results indicated that all three factors are effective on human resource empowerment, among which individual factors have the most and environmental factors have the least influence.

In recent decades, the Middle East region has been involved in terrorism and terrorist movements, especially the spread of extremist religious movements, for several reasons. In such a way that the majority of terrorist incidents in the world occur in countries such as Afghanistan, Syria, Iraq, Yemen, etc., and for this reason, the Middle East has become the subject of many bilateral or multilateral international discussions regarding facing the crises arising from these terrorist currents. and the Islamic Republic of Iran, for various geopolitical reasons, under the influence of the spread of terrorism, has played its role in confronting these currents. In this research, which is analyzed in an analytical-descriptive method, the results of the research in response to the main question that "Iran's geopolitical logic in dealing with terrorism in the regional environment (2001-2020) was influenced by what factors" It shows that the logic of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to countering terrorism in some regions such as Afghanistan and Syria has been influenced by geooptical approaches (defensive realism) and in some regions such as Iraq and Yemen, it has been influenced by geocultural approaches. In this research, the causes and reasons for such propositions in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the fight against terrorism in the Middle East region have been discussed in detail.

The purpose of the current research was to analyze the dimensions and components of the human resources management model in order to empower the employees of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare in 1401. The current research method was qualitative based on grounded theory. The statistical population in the qualitative section is all former and current human resources managers and experts, as well as experts and agents of the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, which was conducted through interviews with several of them in the form of targeted sampling. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part was the managers and human resources experts of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare, the sampling of this research was non-probability targeted and judgmental sampling. The analysis was in the qualitative part of coding, which was done with the help of MAXQDA software and especially the consensus of the research team in the format and multiple back and forth from the level of codes to concepts and categories and back, during different meetings. The results showed that in the qualitative part of causal conditions; Including the category of fighting corruption and reforming the cultural structure, the central category is also the supervision of the correct implementation of laws and knowledge, the governing context of guiding empowerment in the right direction and the development of human resources, the interfering conditions of performance evaluation, monitoring the good performance of affairs and the organizational environment. Strategies, action/interaction

Economic and political changes are often influenced by external and internal factors. Roads and transit routes were important factors in human life that caused economic and political accidents and perhaps severe conflicts. Therefore, in this research, the economic and political effects of land routes in the Safavid era are explained and analyzed. This research is based on historical researches which is done in descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies. The findings of the study showed that the terrestrial roads have great influences Economic and political changes are often influenced by external and internal factors. Roads and transit routes were important factors in human life that caused economic and political accidents and perhaps severe conflicts. Therefore, in this research, the economic and political effects of land routes in the Safavid era are explained and analyzed. This research is based on historical researches which is done in descriptive-analytical manner and based on library studies. The findings of the study showed that the terrestrial roads have great influences

In Iran, the beginning of feminist movements happened during the Qajar period. On the margins of the constitutional revolution, the women's feminist movement became active. Arab neighboring countries also started a movement by female poets who felt inferior and tried to make their peers aware of the minimum citizenship rights through their writings. Affinities can be observed between the social themes of the poems of Alam Taj Qaim Maqami and Ghada Al-Saman with themes such as defending women's rights, revitalizing women's identity in Islamic society, seeking social justice. This article tries to answer the question whether the feminist movement in Persian and Arabic literature took place at the same time or not? The author's hypothesis is based on the fact that the poems of these two poets are a clear expression of the sufferings and oppression of women in Persian and Arabic literature. The author's hypothesis is based on the fact that the poems of these two poets are a clear expression of the sufferings and oppression of women in Persian and Arabic literature. It is Arabic.

Since the formation of the constitutional revolution until today, many efforts have been made by the governments and the ruling apparatus to achieve the transition to democracy. Therefore, the main question of the article is how was the transition to democracy in the Islamic Republic of Iran? The hypothesis is that due to the prominent role of ideology and the lack of coherent parties, the Islamic Republic of Iran has not been able to transition to democracy. The findings indicate that in Iran, the status of the disorganized elites has happened one after another. But the deadlock of conflicts has not occurred. Rather, a group or faction of elites could impose its power on other political factions, and because of this, the possibility of compromise among elites has disappeared. In different periods in Iran, the legitimacy of democracy has not been at a high level. The type of research method was descriptive-analytical and based on library studies.

In recent decades, the populist wave has been spreading in western democracies and has put challenges in front of them. On the other hand, the phenomenon of globalization in the last decades of the 20th century showed its presence and spread its deep influence on various fields of economy, politics and culture, and as a threat to the sovereignty and single-handedness of nation-states, it caused crises. identity and cultural, economic, political and security. The purpose of this article is to investigate the role of globalization in the growth of populism in Western countries. Therefore, the main research question is, what role has globalization played in the strengthening and growth of nationalist populism in the West? The claim of the present article is that the consequences of globalization, including (the growth of xenophobia in the form of anti-immigration policies, identity crisis, migration crisis, political-economic and social crisis, the failure and non-implementation of the goals of the globalization phenomenon and the obvious lack of political and economic options, culture in western countries to deal with or contain these conditions at the national level, which has fueled the rise of citizens' dissatisfaction, has caused the growth of populism and an opportunity for the rise of nationalist populism currents in the west. Qualitative research method, of the type of causal explanation and data collection method, Library as well as the use of resources, while rereading the theoretical concepts of globalization and populism,.

The purpose of the present research is to investigate the position of Shiism and Shiite imams in the travelogues of the Safavid era. The research method in this research is descriptive and analytical. The findings show that the researched travelogues are the first sources about the Shia religion. Most of these travelogues wrote these travelogues about Shiism with prejudice or intent. But the common feature of all this travelogue is that, according to these Orientalists, the Shiite religion has a very high place for Iranians. They have paid special attention to the Shiite opinion about Imamate and the way of choosing Imam Ali (AS), as well as the issue of backsliding and Mahdism. And they have explained how to appoint Imam, Mujtahid and Wali Faqih and some religious elites during the absence. As they themselves have directly visited Shiite pilgrimage sites such as Mashhad, Iraq, or Qom, they have described these religious places and believe that the construction of these places is very important for Shiites. They also discuss the importance of holding Shia religious ceremonies such as festivals and celebrations, Ashura ceremonies, Ramadan and Iranian worship, and ceremonies such as breast-shaking, slapping, chak-chako, and stoning rituals, and charity and excuses for Shias, and the presence of women. In this ceremony, they remember with a special cover.

The countless advantages of doing electronic transactions compared to doing the same transactions in non-electronic ways, which include saving time, resources, as well as speed and access to many stores at the same time, gave the choice of this platform a significant boost for people's dealings. Along with these countless advantages of doing business in this way, like all new phenomena, there are certainly disadvantages and challenges in this field. Among these defects is the abuse of some sellers and service providers to consumers of their superior power in imposing unfair conditions on consumers who are forced or choose to do their transactions in this space. In Article 46 of the Electronic Commerce Law of 1382, our legislator declared the inclusion of such terms ineffective. But what is the definition of unfair conditions to the detriment of the consumer, or what are the criteria for such conditions, the legislator has not specified. This research aims to analyze and present the legal approach in this field by referring to international documents, including the legal regime of the European Union and the laws of some leading countries in this field.

Today, the consequences of climate change inevitably affect various aspects of human life and other living things, and their effects are increasing day by day. Such consequences, which of course have a "physical" nature in their early stages (such as temperature increase, floods, severe climate changes, soil erosion and desertification) towards social and economic dimensions and in the form of migration, loss of resources, change of location, cultural displacement, confusion, social unrest and other cases occur. Basically, policy-making in criminal prosecution should be done with regard to the characteristics of climate change, and on the other hand, this response should be focused on behaviors and crimes that have a significant effect on climate change and intensifying the climate situation or speeding up its process. The criminal response to climate change should be done with a specific mechanism and it cannot be limited to a specific country. This is why global legal responses through relevant conventions and strengthening the functioning of social institutions and the establishment of specialized climate police will achieve better results. It seems that the state of response of criminal law to climate change in Iran is not future-oriented and the type of response is based on looking at the past and not reviving the climate situation or strengthening preventive response regarding such criminal behaviors. In addition, in Iran, in some cases, such as ecocide, fraud in carbon emissions, etc., there are no regulations for punishing and prosecuting them.

An innovation ecosystem is a network of communication and interactions between actors that improve their ability around an innovation by cooperating and sharing knowledge, technology, skills and resources. Policymakers and managers have a fundamental role not only in the formation and creation, but also in the continuation and continuation of this trend, especially in a situation where, in addition to the rapid changes in the environment, the actors are also quantitatively and qualitatively diverse. From this point of view, the aim of this research is to design the conceptual model of the innovation ecosystem. In the first step, conducting an exploratory study using library sources and documents, internet sites and scientific interviews with experts and experts were used. The method of data collection is interviews with 30 experts in the insurance industry. The sampling method in this research was snowball and interpretive structural modeling software was used for data analysis. It is descriptive-survey in terms of purpose and practical in terms of orientation. It is also a qualitative-quantitative method. This means that first, in the qualitative section, a meta-composite study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the innovation ecosystem and develop an interpretive structural model through theoretical foundations and review of scientific documents. 17 main and key effective variables in the innovation ecosystem, including the category of creating an entrepreneurial and innovative university centered on the insurance industry, creating a knowledge-based industrial park, creating a science and industry park centered on insurance, developing the capacity for innovation.

The main goal of the current research is a qualitative study in the field of geopolitical dimensions of Islamic management based on the views of Javadi Amoli, Misbah Yazdi and Mahdavi Keni, and the strategy used in this research in the qualitative part is thematic analysis method. The data collection tool in this research is interview. The statistical population included ten experts from the scientific community and university specialists who were selected purposefully. The results of the theme analysis show that this research includes 6 comprehensive themes and 12 constructive themes, which include the application of the Islamic worldview in order to understand human beings (the principles of Islamic worldview, anthropology), the realization of management tasks based on the principles of Islamic management. (principles of infrastructure of management, organizational duties of managers), suitability of value principles with individual characteristics of managers (value principles of managers, individual characteristics of managers), improvement of economic and social performance (economic efficiency, realization of social goals), guidance and coordination of human beings in For growth and development to achieve Islamic goals (mankind's guidance and coordination towards Islamic goals, human growth and development towards goals), achieving Islamic civilization with an emphasis on the underlying foundations (achieving Islamic civilization, underlying foundations for the realization of civilization Islamic), is

Social networks and modern media challenge the traditional media by constantly generating identity policies and distributing a form of active autonomy, and force its level of influence and believers to reconsider. Meanwhile, the pulpit, as one of the most traditional and political communication networks in Iran, has also challenged by the growing dominance of social media. Due to the importance of this issue, the present study has conducted a comparative survey of young people and officials about the structures of unconvincing pulpits in Iran. Accordingly, by compiling a researcher-made questionnaire, the opinions of 420 young people in Tehran and 30 active pulpits in the mosques of this city about the impact of the five structural issues of market economy, politics, ethics, religious autonomy and society. Modernity has studied on the unconvincingness of the pulpits. The results show that the most important structure in the formation of the pulpit's dissatisfaction from point of view is the inappropriate performance of officials and from the pulpit's point of view, the most important structure for the formation of the pulpit's satiety is the problems of the modern world. Hence, it seems that the phenomenon of pulpit persuasion in Iran is one of the examples that has disrupted the dynamic and two-way relationship between public culture and official culture.

Climatic changes, especially in developing countries, during the past few decades, have caused large populations of people to migrate from arid areas to semi-arid and temperate areas, and this issue provides grounds for committing all kinds of crimes and violating human rights. has constructed . This is despite the fact that in various reports, including the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, policymakers and decision-makers at domestic levels were requested to somehow manage climate change so that the temperature rises to less than 1.5 degrees by 2030. slow The management of climate change and its effect on reducing the commission of crimes becomes more noticeable when it is known that the lack of management of climate change has negative economic, social and security effects. The main question that is considered in this research is what are the effects of climate change management on committing crimes at the level of the United Nations and the Islamic Republic of Iran? The conclusion obtained from this research is that climate change management at the United Nations level is trying to function by emphasizing restorative justice and sharing responsibilities in the field of prevention and combating crimes affected by climate change. While at the level of the Islamic Republic, there is no special and necessary management in this area.

In the law of the fourth development plan, the government approved the executive regulation for the development of small, quick-yielding economic enterprises and entrepreneurs in order to solve the problem of unemployment and create employment. The mentioned project started its activity in 2014 and now it has been almost a decade since this project has been active. Therefore, in order to examine how the implementation of the mentioned plan works, this research has tried to analyze the key factors in the success and failure of the government's employment creation policies in Khuzestan province (high-yielding enterprises) between 1384-1391; In this regard, the question arises that how are the government's employment policies in Khuzestan province (small enterprises), the key factors of its success and failure, ranked and diagnosed? In fact, the lack of systematic planning and policy-making in accordance with the needs of the province, the weakness and inefficiency of the monitoring system in the executive field has caused that, in a macro view, executive-organizational factors, executive-environmental factors, executive-operational factors and executive-psychological factors affect the success and failure of early-yielding enterprise projects in the executive field. Khuzestan province) to have a significant effect. But this significance should be interpreted as which is the priority; Therefore, for the purpose of social pathology and planning, the purpose and necessity of the research is more justified; Based on this, the research results show that all four factors with environmental, psychological, organizational and operational priorities have a significant effect. Also, the above results have been obtained

Undoubtedly, one of the problems of the current world is the phenomenon of terrorism, which threatens the lives of people, disrupts the security of governments, and is one of the serious and fundamental obstacles for mankind to achieve peace and security. The Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the countries where the phenomenon of terrorism is linked with its national security and has been affected by terrorism in a dual way. On the one hand, Iran is one of the main victims of terrorism in the history of its independence, and on the other hand, facing the charge of supporting terrorism, it pays the price of its independence. This research aims to examine the regional strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with terrorism and Its impact on Iran's national security (1979-2021) and answering this question, what is the strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with terrorism and its impact on Iran's national security, and this issue was investigated with a descriptive and analytical method and such results were obtained. Hashd: The Islamic Republic of Iran, with an innovative action, especially in the last decade, has taken a strategy to deal with terrorism, which, while dealing with the roots and intellectual and religious foundations of terrorism, and trying to dry up the roots and causes of terrorism at the same time Tactically and operationally, it has dealt with the manifestations of terrorism and prevented the spread of terrorist acts, and in this field,

In legal terminology, the review of the merits of a lawsuit adjudicated by the court issuing the judgment is called retrial. In fact, in order for the judgment of the courts to be error-free, retrial is foreseen. Resumption of proceedings in civil and criminal matters is of such serious importance that the correctness of the definitive verdict has been seriously doubted. Unlike other ways of complaining about votes, retrial is the only way that is completed in two stages of proceedings. Based on this, the current research under the title of the challenges of retrial in Iranian law examines the challenges in retrial in Iranian law. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results of the research show that: Articles (272 to 276) of the Law of Procedure of the Courts are dedicated to the regulation of resumption of proceedings. Retrial is one of the extraordinary ways to complain about judgments before the Supreme Court, by which the defendant presents reasons that were secret at the time of the judgment, or about the disproportion of the punishment to the crime due to the mistake of the judge, or due to a new law. is based on the reduction of the punishment, requests to undermine the certainty of the sentence and re-examine it in the court and correct it.

Political participation, as one of the basic principles in democratic systems, plays an important role in development and stability of societies. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, political participation is emphasized as an important principle in the constitution and for realizing the goals and values of the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, this research examines political participation in the Islamic Republic of Iran and its functions with a descriptive-analytical method. so, the five main functions, including strengthening the role of women and their participation in cultural and social scenes, strengthening cultural identity, strengthening the activity of political parties and currents, creating a cultural platform for people's participation in the country's affairs, and finally strengthening social and political demands are evaluated. the hypothesis was raised that political participation is the basis for the expansion of the aforementioned functions. In this regard, the concept of political participation and its importance, and its functions, were investigated, and its impact on the development of democracy, political system, civil society, and social and political rights of the people was evaluated. The results showed that, political participation in the form of participation in elections and other participatory activities has included the functions considered in this research, and this is a proof of the existence of political legitimacy in the system. Therefore, the results can provide a deeper understanding of the role and importance of this partnership and its impact on the country's political, social and economic development and progress for policymakers in this area.

The dissatisfaction of the people of Khuzestan with the presence of the Arab conquerors, dissatisfaction with the actions of the Umayyads, the chaotic environment and social and political insecurity, heavy taxes, famine and drought, the climate compatible with the Arabian Peninsula, suitable communication roads between Saudi Arabia and Khuzestan, and the proximity This province provided the birthplace of the Khawarij and especially the violence of the Umayyads against this sect, the grounds and factors for accelerating the migration, acceptance and stabilization of the Khawarij in Khuzestan. In this way, the Khawarij, who emerged as a political, social and religious group in Khuzestan, were able to attract the attention of the people of this province with their idea of equality and seeking equality and avoiding racial superiority, and with their financial support, the Lashkarians and provide followers and engage in activities and fight against the central government in this region. So that in the seventies of the Hijri, a sect of them called Azarqa scattered in different parts of Iran. By attracting many supporters and enjoying the financial and military support of the people of Khuzestan, the Khawarij of Azarqa fought against the central government for nearly two decades, from 65 to 79 AH in this province. In this way, the large presence of Khawarij in Khuzestan during the Umayyad period made this region the main center of their conflict with the governors of the Umayyad government and added to the political and social insecurity and dissatisfaction of the people

Brand resilience is a type of ability that enables the brand to resist the risks that have turned into a crisis and recover from the crisis if it is effective and even grow in a crisis situation. The current research was conducted with the aim of explaining and designing the model of brand resilience in the conditions of sanctions in the handwoven carpet industry of Iran using the foundation data method. The data of this research was derived from in-depth and semi-structured interviews with twelve experts and experts in brand management in the field of hand-woven carpets in Iran, which was based on purposeful sampling dependent on the selection criteria and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. Found. The validity of the research data was checked and confirmed by going back to the participants and external auditors. Data analysis was done based on the Strauss and Corbin model in the form of open, axial, and selective coding in the Atlas TI8 software. The results showed that the model of brand resilience in the conditions of sanctions in Iran's handwoven carpet industry includes causal factors (competition in the business ecosystem, development of knowledge and technology, internal politics), intervention factors (brand consumption challenges, handwoven carpet brand capabilities), platforms. environmental sustainability, brand nature, sanctions pressure), strategies (active development, internal resistance, creative support, production under sanctions) and consequences (commercial interests, brand capabilities, strengthening brand value and identity).

One of the most important duties of the government in order to achieve distributive justice is to eliminate poverty and deprivation in the society, which can be identified in the Iranian constitution and the international covenant. The rights of the international covenant are also included in the constitutions of most of the countries of the world, including the country of Iran, and the governments are committed to these rights, despite the limitation of their sovereignty; But the problem is that, despite the many efforts of the government and the duties that are under the responsibility of the government based on the laws, but until now, distributive justice has not been achieved in the desired way. The present research, with the descriptive and analytical method, while explaining and analyzing the legal aspects of the important and fundamental concepts of the subject, with the aim of identifying the obligations of the government related to distributive justice in the constitution and the international covenant, and with legal analysis and interpretation, it will investigate how the subject is from different perspectives. became. and the international covenant and with legal analysis and interpretation, it will be investigated how the issue is from different perspectives.

The aim of the current research was to design a factor-based model to evaluate the impact of internal and external organizational decisions on the cost of industrial production based on the theory of constraints. The research method is practical in terms of the goal and in terms of the research process, it is in the field of quantitative and field research of an exploratory type. The statistical population of the current research is all experts and informants on the issue of the cost of industrial products, who were selected through the snowball sampling method. In this research, 25 people were selected as a sample of experts, and data related to industrial products and their pricing were used to collect data from the companies' databases to check the research objectives. Next, three methods of theme analysis, Delphi technique and factor-based model were used to analyze the data. AnyLogic software was used to run the simulation in order to validate the model. Finally, the findings showed that in this research, two types of improvement policies have been investigated: 1. The effect of product production policies on demand and product pricing in order to make the finished price competitive 2. The effect of capacity planning policies. It should be remembered that this problem was designed with the approach of the foundation agent model and the behavior analysis of the research model shows that with the application of product production policies, the cost price of products increases, which is in line with the competitive

The purpose of this article is to design an organizational learning model in the Social Security Organization of Mashhad. The research method of this study is using content analysis strategy. For this purpose, library studies were first conducted and the theoretical foundations and various theories about the subject were examined. Then, through interviews, the views of the statistical community were collected and analyzed. In the next step, the data obtained from the qualitative evaluation method and the components identified in the qualitative method were confirmed by means of a native questionnaire. The statistical population of this research was the employees of the social security organization of Mashhad who had more than 15 years of experience. In the qualitative part, interviews continued until theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative part, a statistical sample was selected based on Cochran's formula. Based on the results of this research, the dimensions of organizational learning include 7 dimensions: social learning, environmental learning, collaborative learning, practical learning, knowledge learning, feedback learning, and cultural learning.

With the formation of human societies and governments, a series of behaviors under the influence of factors such as customs, religion, economic and social interactions with other societies, etc. were taken into consideration as dos and don'ts. These cases are classified at different levels according to the degree of importance in such a way that some of them will face punishment if they are found guilty. Regarding the principles governing the criminalization of behavior, some cases have been stated, among which are: 1) the principle of harm: The most important principle and basis that countries rely on to justify the criminalization of behavior is the principle of harm. This case has been supported by scholars such as John Stuart Mill, Hart and Parker. These people believe that due to the great importance of human freedom, restrictions and criminalization should be applied in a place where there is a specific harm or danger to the individual or the society. be, he has no responsibility towards society, the only thing that can allow the use of force against people against his will in a civilized society is that he wants to prevent harm to others. Guardianship or legal patriarchy: father Monarchy means acting for the good of others without their consent, as a father does for his children. That is, like a father, he supervises the actions of his children and avoids anything he deems harmful to them, even by force.

Nowadays, a tourism approach to implement the knowledge-based cities model can play a key role in contributing to the socio-economic growth. Therefore, the current study attempts to evaluate the capabilities and functions of Maragheh’s tourism and develop these functions by linking the idea of knowledge-based city with the tourism approach to the city. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. A questionnaire was used to collect information. the indicators that were evaluated were as follows: Information technology networks, Knowledge sharing culture, urban infrastructure. The statistical population of this research consisted of 30 experts in the related field. One-sample T-test, Kolmogrov-smirnov and regression fits were used for data analysis. Maragheh is not in a good position in terms of information technology networks, information sharing culture, urban knowledge infrastructure. Also, according to the results of the regression fitting model among the research components and with respect to the obtained significance, all the components have a direct relationship with knowledge-based tourism. Components of information technology networks with beta coefficient of 0.783, urban infrastructure with beta coefficient of 0.90, information sharing culture with beta coefficient of 0.207 have the most impact on you promoting urban development of knowledge-based tourism in Maragheh; hence, the development of the knowledge-based tourism requires understanding the necessity of public will and authority of officials and citizens, infrastructural requirements especially in the field of transport and communications, to maintain community-wide trust and the knowledge mobility among the community.Keywords: Urban development, knowledge-based city, tourism, Maragheh.

The Republic of Armenia is one of the countries in the South Caucasus Basin and shares a common border with Iran. Despite the lack of access to open waters and economic blockade by two neighboring countries (Azerbaijan and Turkey), this country has a special geopolitical position in the region and has friendly relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran. has it. In this research, with the aim of explaining the role of Armenia in the geopolitical development of Iran in the region and analyzing the divergent and convergent factors in the relations between the two countries, it has been argued that the development of diplomatic, commercial, security and… activities between the Islamic Republic Iran and the Republic of Armenia have caused the stability, security and geopolitical development of Iran in the region, and on the other hand, based on such reasoning, the development of relations between the two countries will reduce interference and create tension by regional powers.