نشریه جامعه شناسی اقتصادی و توسعه
سال دوازدهم شماره 1 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

More than 70% of Iran's population are in working age and the country is currently placed in the demographic window period. Due to the fact that Iran is in the demographic window period, the high rate of labor force participation will be a platform for economic growth and development of the country. Due to the effect of the rate on economic growth, its prediction can provide a deeper and more comprehensive view of the supply of labor for future policy making and planning. Surely, the knowledge of the feedbacks of a decision will lead to the presentation of a more comprehensive and purposeful plan with the desired economic growth and development outputs. In this paper, relying on neural network-based simulations, we seek to predict the rate of labor force participation of women, men and the total population for the period 2018-2028. The simulations are carried out in MATLAB software using the data from International Labor Organization. These data are related to 27 consecutive years from 1990 to 2017. The results show a declining trend in the participation rate men, women and the total population until 2028. Based on the results, the rate of participation of men, women and the total population aged 15 to 64 years during 2018 to 2028 will change from 74.5 to 73.5, 0.16 to 0.14 and from 46.5 to 44.5 respectively. The results of this article are a wake-up call for planners and policy makers, at the macro level, to pay special attention to targeted planning in the field of employment and investment, programs that can make the best use of the opportunity of the demographic window of the country.

In a university setting that includes the elite of society, sense of social security is considered one of the most fundamental principles of development. because, if they do not sense of security on university setting, the human capital of the country would be unable to fulfill its primary mission. So, in this context, this paper attempts to estimate the sense amount of social security and impact of social capital, economic capital, cultural capital and Religious investigated on sense of social security. the research was conducted through a survey. The statistical population of this study is undergraduate students of Tabriz University that number is a 13,000 people. Of these, 384 were selected randomly based on stratified sampling(Multi-stage). Of these, 384 were selected randomly based on stratified sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. reliability and validity of the questionnaire variables are indicating high and acceptable reliability and validity. findings show that rate of social security sense has a above to moderate levels. also,the findings showed that the amount of social security in terms of gender and ethnicity of students are the same and the difference was not significant. overall, the results from the structural equation model show that variables of social capital, religious and economic capital explained to 12 percent of the variable variance of sense of social security among students.

Increasing population and changing consumption patterns have led to increased consumption it has led to various issues such as waste production in large cities, including Tehran. The issue of municipal wastes and wastes has become so widespread that their territory no longer ends with technical issues and has a deep social and cultural nature. Therefore, the study of waste management culture among the citizens of Tehran has been considered as the main issue of the research. The present study is qualitative and the data were collected using semi-structured in-depth interview technique with the elites of the Waste Management Organization and the Waste and Recycling Department of the 22 districts of Tehran Municipality in the period of April and May 1400 and to analyze the data from Thematic analysis was used. The findings of the present study are 7 main categories including policy-making vacuum, lack of empirical / theoretical knowledge, skill / cognitive training vacuum, poor operationalization and implementation, consumer thinking towards nature, social devaluation and Rental coalitions include cohesive and sub-categories. The results show that the extracted categories and themes emphasize two categories of deficiencies that have hindered culturalization in this area: the first category refers to the components related to citizens and the second category There are categories that have led to the lack of institutionalization of waste management culture from the outside.

The representation of women in various Islamic discourses in contemporary Iran is manifested in different ways and leads to a change in the objective situation of women and girls. While studying the representation of women in Islamic discourses, the present research analyzes how traditional and political Islamic discourses constituted in contradiction with modern, religious modernist and reformist discourses. How the representation of women based on more control over the female body with an emphasis on early marriage, the role of motherhood and childbearing emerges in competition with the representation of women based on relative freedom and less control over the female body, gender equality, social participation and increasing the age of marriage. The question is, how are the Islamic discourses in representing the concept of women and confronting the problem of early marriage or child marriage formulated? What were the contexts and reasons for the discourse transformation and the causes and factors involved in it? The hypothesis is that the dominant discourse in contrast with modern discourses and new religious thinking, has been transformed in different periods and the curve of this transformation shows the tendency of this discourse to interfere as much as possible in establishing its semantic structure in the traditional definition of women and planning to increase marriage and childbearing at a minimum age. The discourse analysis theory of Lacla and Moff has been our chosen method in investigating one of the main problems of women in contemporary Iran, that is, child marriage.

The main topic of political economy is discussion about the type of relationship between the public and private spheres. The public spheres refers to the field of politic that it’s main institute is the nation-state. The private spheres refers to the field of economic that it’s main institute is initially the national market And in the next stages, is the regional, international and global market. Based on this, the possibility of entering the discussion of Iran's political economy, there is, when first, two institutions of the national government and the market have been formed, So that we can talk about the type of their relationship. In this regard, this current research seeks to examine this fundamental issue that how and when were the institutions of the market and the national government formed in Iran? And it is based on this hypothesis that the institution of the market in Iran is not a natural thing and has not internal roots, rather, it was established in the second half of the 19th century under the influence of foreign factors. Also, in relation to the state, it is based on this hypothesis that the external factor of international wars was the cause of built the state in Iran.

The current research has addressed the role of social capital in the formation of the dual space of store services (physical-digital) using related research sources, with the aim of how consumers create social capital in their interactions with other customers and sellers. The theory of the present research is derived from the type of store services and social capital theory. This research is based on the concept that social interactions among customers and store employees shape customers' experiences in the field of service for subsequent purchases. The present study is one of the first studies that deals with the results of social capital in the digital-physical store service environment. In this regard, the theory of social capital was used to value interactions, which shows that social relationships and social networks have symbolic values that can be converted into economic values. In this study, from the data obtained from focus group discussions , was used by participants in Ahvaz city. It was also shown how customers are interested in both store service environments and tend to shape their social interactions. The research findings showed that the store service environment facilitates access to social resources. Also, it was found that interpersonal relationships in the store service environment promote trust, because customer relationships are caused by the type of belonging in the store service environment. Therefore, digital and physical stores facilitate interpersonal relationships, create a network of social exchanges and provide reassurance as components of "social capital".

In today's societies, the continuation of the development and advancement of societies depends on the capacities of entrepreneurship in the human resources of each country. Therefore, paying attention to effective and influential factors on the expansion and strengthening of the entrepreneurial process is very important.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of cultural capital in developing entrepreneurial capacities.

The present study was conducted using a questionnaire with a sample size of 405 students among Tabriz University students at all levels in the academic year of 1994-94. A random stratified sampling method was used for analyzing the data SPSS software is also used.

The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between cultural capital and entrepreneurship capacity development. That is, by increasing each of the variables of cultural capital, it is possible to increase the level of students' entrepreneurship. Also, the results indicate a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of cultural capital and the dimensions of entrepreneurship. The average score of the students' score for the entrepreneurial potential, average to high, and for the average cultural capital variables. The pragmatism has the highest average for the potential of entrepreneurship and the cultural and social tendencies of the most average among the dimensions of cultural capital. Also, the results of multivariate regression showed that the level of entrepreneurship most affected by the variable of cultural and social interactions.

Through a qualitative method and semi-structured, in-depth interviews, this research seeks to understand why women refuse to partake in economic growth in the country. Thus, eleven experts, pundits, activists, and officials from organizations devoted to the field of women were interviewed. The results revealed that reasons behind the refusal of women to participate in economic growth fall into three main categories: “individual and familial deterrents,” which comprises two sub-categories: “lack of self-confidence in women” and “familial obstacles and instilling gender division of labor.” The second main category is “sociocultural obstacles,” which comprises “the dominance of traditional and patriarchal views” and “rejection of women as breadwinners.” “Structural obstacles and non-liquet” is the last main category of reasons behind the refusal of women to participate in economic growth to be studied in this research, which comprises three sub-categories: “lack of a holistic and systemic look at the economic participation of women,” “the masculine domain of decision-makers and policy-makers,” and “lack of problematization of the participation of women in policy-making.” Due to the qualitative nature of the research, the researchers have no generalized claims.

 Developmental idealism provides a strong framework for conceptualizing the psychosocial effects of developmental theory in everyday life. Developmental idealism implies that several aspects of modern development originate from Western thought. This article has been carried out with the aim of investigating and sociologically explaining developmental idealism among young people. The research data was collected through a survey and using a questionnaire among 608 youths of Yasouj city who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the variables of economic class, materialism, use of virtual space and the Internet, religiosity, individualism, gender attitudes, attitudes towards marriage and developmental idealism, and the age variable has a significant relationship with developmental idealism. didn't have Based on the final model of the research, seven variables that were most related to developmental idealism were selected. These variables are, in order of importance (based on regression coefficients), religiosity (negatively), gender attitudes, use of virtual space, individualism, masculinity and attitude to marriage, which explained the developmental idealism variable. The model of developmental idealism showed that during social changes, social values and norms also change. And in order to prevent any problems from occurring, it is necessary to make decisions regarding any policies and planning in the society with regard to these changes. 

Increasing political development in the political system depends on complexity, independence, flexibility and unity; Otherwise, the system will face instability, chaos, authoritarianism and political decline. The methodology of this research is qualitative content analysis method of comparative type. The unit of analysis in the present study is the sentence. The statistical population is the five development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The sample under review is the sixth development plan. The sample size has been determined through theoretical saturation and the sampling method in the current research is purposeful. Among the ten components of political development, three components of political freedom, political participation and political cooperation have not been addressed. Considering the political conditions of Iran and not addressing the components of participation, competition and political freedom, the necessity of addressing the above components and other components that are not addressed in this article is felt more. Among the ten components of political development, three components of political freedom, political participation and political cooperation have not been addressed.

Social identity is the knowledge and belonging of a person to a specific social group that a person introduces himself in terms of belonging and dependence, and identity is formed in current relationships or people's perceptions of themselves and others, and social identity is affected by external factors and body image. . This research aims to investigate the state of body management and external factors affecting the social identity of women in Sanandaj city. The theoretical framework of this research is based on the theories of Anthony Giddens, Erving Goffman and Henry Tajfel, and the survey research method and the research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which is based on 450women aged 25 to 45 living in Sanandaj city, who are selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. have been selected, and after removing outlier data, we obtained 441 samples. According to Pearson's results, between social identity and body management (r=0.503) and appearance factors; There is a significant relationship between social acceptance (r=0.510), discrimination (r=0.250) and social status (r=0.189).In other words, appearance management and attention to the body is an identity factor for acceptance and differentiation and improvement and display of social status among women.and according to the regression test results; Social acceptance has the greatest impact on shaping women's social identity. In fact, appearance management and regulation, design and self-grooming are the construction and treatment of women's social identity, and they are constantly building their bodies to create a distinct and positive appearance in interaction with others, which they should use the opportunity of body management to design Iran's model and identity and cohesion. Social and empowerment of women benefited.

Water is one of the essential elements in the environment and the cornerstone of sustainable development. Looking at the tremendous growth of the world's population and the change in lifestyle and consumption patterns, the need for water has increased rapidly all over the world, especially in Iran. Since Iran is the country with a semi-arid climate, most of its cities direly need water, among which Urmia, as one of the big cities of Iran, needs more attention because of the drying up of Lake Urmia. The present study was conducted to investigate the amount of water consumption (ecological footprint) and its social determinants. The research statistical population consisted of the citizens of Urmia and its statistical sample is 516 citizens of Urmia who were investigated by using the survey method and via a cluster sampling technique. The obtained results show that the variables of materialism, consumerism, materialism and socio-economic base had a positive and significant effect on the amount of water consumption among the citizens of Urmia city. Also, the responsible and sustainable consumption variable has a decreasing effect on the amount of water consumptio