مجله طب پیشگیری
سال دهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 30، تابستان 1402)

Telomere length is a biological marker of the aging process. It seems that longer telomeres are associated with healthy diets, including a low intake of processed meats and a high intake of fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products. The present study aims to investigate the effect of dietary patterns on telomere length. 

This is a systematic review study. Related articles were searched in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Selection methods for study: The quality assessment of articles was done using the Cochrane library guidelines by two researchers separately.  

Five studies were eligible for the review. They all had a cross-sectional design. Only one study reported a negative relationship between the intake of nuts and seeds and telomere length. 

Only a few studies have reported the significant relationship of dietary patterns with telomere length. Considering that scant research has been conducted in this field, more studies are recommended.

Like other martial arts sports, Jiu-Jitsu is associated with injuries due to its high intensity, competitiveness, and training methods. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, mechanism, type, time, and severity of injuries in Iranian male Jiu-Jitsu athletes.

This is a descriptive and retrospective study. The study population consists of all elite male Jiu-Jitsu athletes in Iran in 2021, of whom 168 athletes over 18 years were selected. A researcher-made injury report form was used to survey the injuries experienced during competitions or training in the past year. The chi-square test was used to examine the differences in the multilevel variables, and the proportion test was used to examine the differences in the two-level nominal variables.

The results showed a significant difference among the athletes in terms of the type of injury, mechanism of injury, severity of injury, incidence rate in anatomical areas, incidence rate in four general areas of the body, time of injury during training and competitions, and Jiu-Jitsu style (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Fighting, and Kata). The most common mechanism of injury was the maximum pressure on the joint; the most common type of injury was dislocation/partial dislocation, and the least common type was brain injury; the injuries were mostly mild or moderate; most of the injuries occurred in the knee and shoulder joints; the prevalence of injuries was higher during training than during competitions, and those in Brazilian jiu-jitsu style report more injuries.

Given the epidemiology of Injuries in Iranian male Jiu-Jitsu athletes, planning is needed to minimize injuries. Coaches and athletes should try to reduce the rate of injuries, by developing injury prevention programs.

Proper posture results from musculoskeletal balance, which is associated with a minimal amount of muscle tension. Due to some structural differences between men and women, their movement patterns are different. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders is higher in women than in men.  This study aims to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of TRX exercises on upper and lower extremity function in women with lower crossed syndrome (LCS).

This is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design. Participants were 30 women with LCS  aged 30-40 years in Marivan county, Iran. The upper extremity function was evaluated by the Y balance test and Davis test, and the lower extremity function was measured by the side hop test and the square hop test. Data analysis was done in SPSS software, version 21 using analysis of covariance. The significance level was set at 0.05.

TRX exercises had significant effects on the function of upper and lower extremities in Davis test, Y balance test (at medial, superolateral, and inferolateral directions), side hop test, and square hop test (P<0.001).

Six weeks of TRX exercises can improve the upper and lower extremity function of middle-aged women with LCS, probably by increasing the strength and efficiency of core muscles. Trainers and physiotherapists can use this training method to improve the function of lower and upper extremities in these women.

Public participation in different projects is one of the most important strategies for development. Community health assessment is a process by which community members gain an understanding of the health concerns and the health care system by identifying, collecting, and disseminating information on the community’s strengths, resources, and needs. This study aims to identify and prioritize the problems of Cholicheh county in Farsan city, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran.

This study was conducted in 8 stages based on the North Carolina Community Health Assessment Model in the winter of 2021; the first seven stages include identifying and prioritizing the problems, and the eighth stage includes developing an action plan to solve priority problems. After establishing the assessment team, primary and secondary data were collected.

A total of 42 problems were identified, which were classified into six different groups, including health, education and culture, economics and employment, social and civil rights, security, and urban services. Using the nominal group technique, the priority problems were drinking water pollution, economic problems and unemployment, and low knowledge of health issues

The problems in Cholicheh county are related to cultural, social, and economic areas, in addition to the health area. To solve these problems, cross-sectoral collaboration, support from managers and officials, and public participation are needed.

Preventive behaviors are needed to reduce the transmission of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One of these behaviors is the use of masks. This study aims to find the predictors of mask-wearing behavior of people in Shahrekord, Iran, based on the protection motivation theory (PMT).

In this cross-sectional study, participants were 388 citizens of Shahrekord city in 2021. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-report tool surveying mask-wearing behaviors, designed based on the PMT model and completed online. Data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 20 using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression analysis.

The mean score of mask-wearing behavior was 66.62±17.46. The perceived self-efficacy, perceived response efficiency, and perceived reward had a statistically significant relationship with mask-wearing behavior (P=0.001). Regression analysis showed that the constructs of perceived self-efficacy (P=0.018), perceived response efficiency (P=0.038), and perceived reward (P=0.041) could significantly predict mask-using behavior, where perceived self-efficacy was the strongest predictor. These factors together predicted 0.38% of mask-wearing behavior.

The PMT model can predict mask-wearing behaviors. Therefore, the interventions based on this model are recommended to promote mask-wearing behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Poor jump-landing mechanics and low movement quality are among the risk factors for injuries in cadets. This study aims to investigate the effect of the Stop-X program on jump-landing mechanics and movement quality in injury-prone male cadets.

This is a quasi-experimental study on 40 injury-prone male cadets, who were purposefully recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. The Tuck Jump test and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test were used to evaluate jump-landing mechanics and quality of movement, respectively. Then, the intervention group used the Stop-X program as a warm-up program for 8 weeks while the control group performed the routine warm-up during this period. Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used to examine the differences. The data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 24. 

There was a significant reduction in the Tuck jump test score (P=0.001) and a significant increase in the FMS score (P=0.001) in the intervention group compared to the control group in the post-test phase. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in the Tuck jump test score (P=0.001) and a significant increase in the FMS score (P=0.001) between the pre-test and post-test phases in the intervention group, but there were no significant differences in the control group (P>0.05).

The Stop-X program is effective in improving jump-landing mechanics and movement quality in male cadets, and can help reduce the risk factors of injuries in them.

College students are more likely to eat fast foods, since university is a critical period for them regarding unhealthy lifestyles. This study aims to investigate the predictors of fast-food consumption in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (RUMS) based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

 In this descriptive-analytical study, participants were 350 RUMS students selected by a stratified random sampling method from five faculties. After collecting the data and entering them into SPSS software, version 16, they were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and analytical tests, including Spearman’s correlation test, t-test, and linear regression analysis.

The mean age of the participants was 21.06±2.51 years (ranged 18-38 years). Fast-food consumption behavior had a positive significant correlation with the TPB constructs of positive behavioral intention, positive subjective norms, and positive attitude, and had a negative significant correlation with the knowledge level and the TPB domain of perceived behavioral control (P<0.05). These TPB constructs predicted 7% of the variance in fast-food consumption behavior and 12% of behavioral intention. The construct of positive subjective norms was the strongest predictor of fast-food consumption behavior (β=0.241) and behavioral intention (β=0.271).

The TPB construct of positive subjective norms is the strongest predictor of fast-food consumption behavior in RUMS students. It is recommended to develop educational interventions for reducing positive subjective norms of students regarding the consumption of fast foods to reduce their consumption rate.

The fertility rate in Iran is alarmingly low. Several factors influence the childbearing behaviors of women. This study aims to survey the attitudes of women aged 15-49 years towards childbearing in Hormozgan province, Iran to identify the factors affecting their childbearing behaviors

This is a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis method. Participants were 16 married women living in the west of Hormozgan province who were selected voluntarily and with maximum diversity. To ensure the acceptability of the data, the feedback of the participants was used. Data validity was determined by the opinions of a panel of experts.

Based on the results of the content analysis, two themes (concept of childbearing, barriers to childbearing), two sub-themes (internal, external), 7 main categories (positive mentality, negative mentality, identity, adequacy, economic, security/social, support), and 10 sub-categories (emotion-oriented mentality, benefit-oriented mentality, women, family, individual, professional, family-related, policy-making) were extracted.

The decline in women's values and beliefs towards childbearing and the inappropriate conditions of society in terms of security, well-being, and support policies are among the most important causes of low fertility in Hormozgan, which requires careful evaluation and the adoption of facilitating policies and strategies to improve their childbearing behaviors. The results of the interviews indicated the necessity of modeling women who are successful mothers in addition to their social activities. Solutions based on conditions and identity based solutions are proposed.