نشریه مدیریت ارتقای سلامت
سال دوازدهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 63، مهر و آبان 1402)

In competitive sports, athletes may experience impaired mental and physical function due to experiencing a series of negative emotions. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of "Progressive Muscle Relaxation" on Competitive State Anxiety and salivary cortisol of elite male taekwondo practitioners. 

The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of this study was 30 elite male taekwondo practitioners in Tehran province who were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two groups of control (16 people) and intervention (13 people). Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Competitive State Anxiety Inventory" and 96 test kits of the German company ZellBio with a sensitivity of 1 ng / ml for saliva sampling and cortisol measurement. The validity of the mentioned list was evaluated using concurrent validity method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the pre-test phase (first race), 25 minutes before the start of the competition, all 30 people of saliva samples were first taken to measure cortisol, and all of them completed the "Competitive Anxiety Inventory". The intervention group then performed 10 sessions of "Progressive Muscle Relaxation” with taekwondo physical training, while the control group performed only taekwondo movements and physical exercises. After completing 10 sessions of post-test training, in the second competition, the athletes completed the "Competitive Anxiety Inventory” for the second time 25 minutes before the competition, and saliva samples were taken from all of them to measure cortisol. Data analysis was used in SPSS. 22.

Cognitive anxiety (F=81.35, P<0.001) and physical anxiety (F=41.52, P<0.001) decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Also, the amount of salivary cortisol (F=29.92, P<0.001) in the intervention group was significantly reduced compared to the control group in the post-test.

"Progressive Muscle Relaxation” reduced cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety, and salivary cortisol. It is suggested that sedation be used to reduce Competitive State Anxiety and salivary cortisol.

Aggression and violence in the sports field is manifested verbally and physically and is carried out by people present and participating in sports events against other players, spectators, coaches, sports officials, people and property. The aim of the current study was to identify factors affecting aggression (interpersonal violence) in the Iranian sports industry in 2022.

The current qualitative research was conducted using the grounded theory method. The research community included all university lecturers in the field of sports management, general managers of sports and youth of the country, and championship and professional athletes of the country in 2022. The number of samples using the principle of theoretical saturation was 13 people, which were selected using the snowball method. Data collection was done by semi-structured interview. To measure the validity of the findings, 4 criteria were used, including credibility, generalizability, reliability, and verification to measure the reliability of the interviews, the test-retest method and the intra-subject agreement method were used. Data analysis was done by coding method and using Max QDA .12.

 Causal conditions include (individual and personality factors, individual and organizational unethical behaviors), context (Social problems and dissatisfactions, policies and structural factors), phenomena (behavioral instability and interpersonal violence), intervening conditions, (internal and external environmental factors), strategies (cultivation and education, social skills, effective and efficient management, monitoring and enforcement of laws) and consequences (individual consequences such as, psychological and physical injuries and  organizational consequences such as, insecurity and social disorder).

The results of the research revealed the presence of 6 selective codes of the components of causal conditions, context, phenomena, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences, and 13 core codes and 47 open codes. Therefore, sports practitioners and planners are suggested to use the results of this research to reduce violence and aggression in sports gatherings.

Medical students, as future physicians, have an important role in the country's health system; Therefore, it is necessary to address the subjective vitality, motivational dimensions and achievement goal in them. The present study was conducted with the aim of predicting subjective vitality based on motivational dimensions and achievement goal in medical students of Qom Branch Islamic Azad University

The present study was conducted by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population included all medical students of the Faculty of Basic Sciences of Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch in the academic year 2020-2021. Samples were selected by simple random sampling by lottery method and 256 tons were selected using Morgan table. The instruments used were demographic questionnaire, "Subjective Vitality Scale", "Motivational Dimensions Questionnaire", "Achievement Goal Questionnaire". Previous research was sufficient for the validity of the instruments. Reliability was calculated by internal consistency method by calculating the Alpha-Cronbach coefficient for the mentioned instruments. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 25. 

Subjective vitality was predictable in medical students based on the components of motivational dimensions and achievement goal. Motivational dimensions are predicted to be 0.34 in total and the goal is to achieve 22% of the variance of students' subjective vitality (P<0.05).

Mental vitality can be predicted based on the components of motivational dimensions and achievement goal in medical students. Therefore, it is suggested that the results of the present study be used to increase the motivational dimensions of medical students' development goal to increase their mental vitality.

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world. The aim of this study was to compare anxiety sensitivity, defense styles and ego strength in patients with stroke of Educational and Treatment of Valiasr in Zanjan city and healthy people in Zanjan.

The current research is descriptive-comparative. The statistical population of this research included stroke patients hospitalized in the Stroke Care Unit and Neurological Department of Educational and Treatment of Valiasr and healthy people in Zanjan city in 2019. In the present study, 280 people (140 people with stroke and 140 healthy people) were included in the study by non-random and convenience sampling method, with homogenization of age, gender and marital status. Data collection instruments included demographic questionnaire", "Anxiety Sensitivity Index", "Defense Style Questionnaire" and "Ego Strength Scale". The validity of "Anxiety Sensitivity Index" and "Defense Style Questionnaire" were sufficient for previous studies. For "Ego Capability Scale", the content validity index was evaluated by Waltz & Bausell method. The reliability of "Anxiety Sensitivity Index" and "Defense Style Questionnaire" were calculated by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and "Ego Empowerment Scale" was calculated by Kuder-Richardson method. Data analysis was performed in SPSS.24.

The two groups (patient and healthy) differ in terms of the components of "anxiety sensitivity index" with a significant level of value (P<0.01) and stroke patients have a higher mean. In the "Defense Style Questionnaire", stroke patients with a significant level of level (P<0.01) had a higher mean than healthy individuals in all three styles of development: immature, immature and neurotic. Also, the mean ego power in patients with stroke and healthy individuals did not differ significantly and both groups were moderate.

Anxiety sensitivity, defense styles were significantly different between the two groups of stroke patients and healthy individuals, and stroke patients had a higher mean, but in terms of ego strength, both groups were moderate. It is suggested that psychological interventions be used to prevent the consequences of this disease.

Evaluation of medical equipment management should provide the possibility of timely identification of shortcomings and gaps in this process. The current research was conducted to develop and psychometrically measure the "Medical Equipment Management Scale" in Tehran hospitals.

The current research is of a methodological type. At first, a wide review of the texts related to the research topic, including library documents and scientific articles from 2018 to 2022, was conducted and by analyzing them in the form of a “Data Extraction Form”, "Medical Equipment Management Scale" was developed. Then in the quantitative section, the content validity ratio and the content validity index of the scale were measured by asking the opinion of 24 experts in the field of health and treatment management with the purposeful sampling method using the snowball method. Construct validity was measured by exploratory factor analysis, convergent validity, and divergent validity by distributing the developed scale among 78 experts in the field of health and medical services management by convenience sampling method. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability were calculated by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data were analyzed in SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.

In the qualitative section, "Medical Equipment Management Scale" was developed with 13 items. In the quantitative part, content validity ratio and content validity index were measured and 1 item was removed and 12 items remained. Construct validity results showed 4 subscales. Convergent validity was 0.50 and divergent validity was >0.90. Composite reliability and internal consistency reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the whole scale was reported as 0.89.

"Medical Equipment Management Scale" with 12 items and 4 subscales is valid and reliable. It is suggested to use the developed scale in research related to healthcare services.

Personality traits and loneliness are among the factors affecting marital satisfaction. The present study aimed to determine the structural relationships between personality traits and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness in women and men referring to counseling centers in Ilam City. 

The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population of this study included all women and men who referred to family counseling centers in Ilam City in 2019 with complaints of marital problems, 320 of whom were selected by non-random and convenience sampling method form among them. To collect data "The demographic Questionnaire, "NEO Five-Factor Inventory", "ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale" and "The University of California Loneliness Scale" was used. The validity of the instruments was measured using content validity by a qualitative method and reliability using the internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS .24 and Amos. 24.

There is a negative and significant correlation between neuroticism (P=0.001, β=0.116) and loneliness (P=0.001, β=0.258) with marital satisfaction and there is a positive and significant correlation between agreeableness (P=0.001, β=0.327) and conscientiousness (P=0.008, β=0.185) with marital satisfaction. There is a negative and significant correlation between neuroticism and marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness (P=0.016, β=-0.079) and there is a positive and significant correlation between agreeableness (P=0.017, β=0.074) and conscientiousness (P=0.038, β=0.059) with marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness.

There are structural direct and indirect relationships between the personality traits of neuroticism, agreeableness and conscientiousness with marital satisfaction with the mediation of loneliness. Therefore, it is suggested that couples and family therapists, in counseling and couple therapy, to increase marital satisfaction, should also pay attention to people's personality manifestations and feelings of loneliness caused by it.

Today, psychologists and researchers pay attention to the early maladaptive schemas, lack of psychological capital, basic needs that are not properly satisfied, and the feeling of social and emotional loneliness as factors for the occurrence of suicidal thoughts and attempts. Therefore, the aim of this research is the correlation of early maladaptive schemas, psychological capital, basic needs and social and emotional loneliness in people attempting suicide in Zanjan city.

The study was descriptive-correlation. The statistical population of the research was made up of all the suicide attempters who visited Educational and Treatment of Valiasr in Zanjan city during the 4 months (May to August 2022) when the research was conducted. A statistical sample of 132 people was selected based on Morgan's table and among the available statistical population through non-random sampling. Data collection was implemented with demographic questionnaire, "Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form", "Psychological Capital Questionnaire", "Basic Needs Questionnaire" and " Social and Emotional Loneliness Questionnaire for Adults-Short Version). Content validity was measured qualitatively and reliability was measured by internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the instruments. Data analysis was done using SPSS .24.

There is a significant negative correlation between early maladaptive schemas and psychological capital (P≤0.01) and a significant positive correlation with social and emotional loneliness (P≤0.01). Also, early maladaptive schemas have a significant negative correlation with basic needs (P≤0.05).

The early maladaptive schemas and the feeling of social and emotional loneliness were higher than the average level in people attempting suicide. Also, a strong and significant negative correlation was observed between the early maladaptive schemas with basic needs and psychological capitals. It is suggested that trainings to recognize schemas and psychological capitals using schema therapy protocols, which is a step towards reducing the early maladaptive schemas and strengthening psychological capitals, should be considered by mental health professionals.

The dynamic school plan increases the amount of sports activities of students. The purpose of the current research was to psychometrics “Related Factors on the Implementation of Dynamic School Plan Scale".

The current research is of methodological type. The content and face validity of the developed items in the qualitative part were measured by the qualitative method, with the opinions of 15 lecturers of the Faculty of Sports Management, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch. Construct validity was investigated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 384 people using a simple random lottery method including experts, school principals and physical education teachers of the whole country. Also, convergent validity and divergent validity were calculated in a sample of 384. Finally, the reliability of the scale was calculated using 2 methods of internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability in the above sample. Data analysis was done in PLS. 3.

The findings of the obtained KMO value is 0.769. Also, the results of Bartlett's test (Sig=0.001, χ=252.7701) show that there is a high correlation between the terms. From the exploratory factor analysis, 8 extraction factors with 48 items were identified.

"Related Factors on the Implementation of Dynamic School Plan Scale” was approved with 48 items and 8 subscales include; infrastructure, planning, education, inter-departmental cooperation, budget, culture, evaluation and monitoring, and creativity and innovation. It is suggested to use the developed scale to measure the factors related to the implementation of the dynamic school plan.