نشریه روانشناسی معاصر
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating cognitive-behavioral game therapy on alexithymia and reducing aggression in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The current study was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with hyperactive/inattentive disorder in Kermanshah city, from which a sample of 30 people was selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools of this research included cognitive behavioral game therapy protocol, Eysenck's Aggression Questionnaire (1975) and Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1994). The treatment program was implemented for eight sessions of 30-45 minutes duration twice a week. The findings of covariance analysis showed that the cognitive-behavioral game therapy program significantly reduced emotional problems, alexithymia and aggression in children with hyperactivity/inattention disorder. Finally, the results showed that play therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce children's emotional and behavioral problems.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating cognitive-behavioral game therapy on alexithymia and reducing aggression in students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The current study was experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all students with hyperactive/inattentive disorder in Kermanshah city, from which a sample of 30 people was selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The tools of this research included cognitive behavioral game therapy protocol, Eysenck's Aggression Questionnaire (1975) and Toronto Alexithymia Questionnaire (1994). The treatment program was implemented for eight sessions of 30-45 minutes duration twice a week. The findings of covariance analysis showed that the cognitive-behavioral game therapy program significantly reduced emotional problems, alexithymia and aggression in children with hyperactivity/inattention disorder. Finally, the results showed that play therapy can be used as a suitable method to reduce children's emotional and behavioral problems.

For parents, one of the most crucial tasks is to provide a proper upbringing for their children. Religion-oriented education is essentially based on nature and moving towards virtue. The aim of this research was to design an educational package for emotional upbringing with an emphasis on colloquial speech. To provide this package, the relevant resources were investigated. Then, a qualitative analysis method was applied to extract the major components of education, emphasizing colloquial speech. An educational package was designed to operationalize the given objective. Finally, the designed educational package contained eight objectives 1. The importance of an effective relationship with a child, 2. Tone, 3. The importance of attention, 4. The hierarchical order of accepting induction and tone, 5. The development of the senses, 6. Teaching orientation and condition, 7. Teaching restraint, and 8. Showing the importance of actions. Ten experts in related fields were provided with the protocol to determine the content validity. CVR and CVI indexes were above 0.8 in all the sessions, showing the high content validity of the package. This emotional upbringing package based on colloquial speech can be a beneficial and practical tool for mothers in child education.

The present study investigated the characteristics of personality, anger control and ethnic prejudice of native and non-native people of Yasuj city in 2021. Also, this research was a type of comparative causal research, and 300 people (native and non-native groups) were included in the research through a simple cluster sampling method. Spielberger's Anger Scale (STAXI-2) (1998), Prejudice Questionnaire (Behrman, 2013), Personality and Personality Questionnaire (Koninger, 1987) were used to collect research data. The research findings were analyzed using SPSS-24 statistical software and multivariate and univariate analysis of variance. The results of the ANOVA analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the amount of "newness" between non-natives and natives among the temperament components and no significant difference was found in the other temperament components. On the other hand, the results showed that there was a significant difference between the average scores of prejudice (racial, gender, religious, ethnocentrism and ethnic) in the groups of native and non-native people. Also,  results showed that there was no significant difference between the average component of the state of anger, and the trait of anger and anger control in the groups of non-native and native people. This research showed that there was no difference in the amount of anger control between the group members, but the ethnic prejudice of the natives were more prominant, and also the amount of aggressive behavior of the non-natives was higher. No other significant difference was found in other variables.

The aim of this study was to compare Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on improving the attentional bias to negative stimuli in individuals with depression symptoms. For this purpose, 42 volunteers were selected and were randomly divided into three groups of 14 people. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (DBI) and the Computational Emotional Stroop Test as pretest. Then the first group received CFT according to Gilbert ten-session protocol, the second group received five sessions of anodal tDCS over F3 area with current of 2 mA and 20 minutes duration, along with CFT, and the third group only underwent tDCS. The results of statistical analysis with non-parametric tests showed that there was a significant effect on cognitive bias and no effect on depression symptoms and the effectiveness in the combined group on attention bias was higher than the third group. Therefore, combined intervention and then electrical stimulation intervention are recommended to improve attention bias

Resilience is an ability and skill that enables a person to adapt to problems and challenges. This factor contributes to the positive development process of adolescence. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between basic psychological needs with resilience through the mediating role of self-efficacy in life skills in adolescence. This research was carried out using a descriptive and correlational research method in the form of a structural equation model. The statistical population included six grade male and female students in Bushehr high schools 503 students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The following questionnaires were used: Morris Self-Efficacy Scales (SEQ-C), DeCaroli John and Sagon Resilience Questionnaire (2014), Basic Psychological Needs Questionnaire (BSNQ); Guardia, Deci and Ryan, (2000). Structural equation model was used to analyze the data. Results of data analysis showed that the paths of basic psychological needs to self-efficacy in life skills and self-efficacy to resilience were significant in adolescence. Also, the path of basic psychological needs was significant indirectly through self-efficacy in life skills with resilience. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that as we approach late adolescence, the effect of basic psychological needs increases and self-efficacy performs its mediating role well during all three periods.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between personality traits and sleep quality with nomophobia, considering the mediating role of anxious thoughts. The descriptive research method was of the correlational type and the statistical population of this research was made up of all undergraduate students of Kharazmi University of Tehran in 2018-2019, of which there were 303 people (133 girls, 170 boys) using stratified sampling method according to the size of the selection. The research tools were nomophobia questionnaire (NMP-Q), NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-FFI), anxiety thoughts (ANTI) and Pittsburgh sleep quality (PSQI). At the level of inferential findings, the relationship between the variables was tested with the Pearson correlation test and the research model was tested with the path analysis technique. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 and AMOS 24 statistical software. In this research, the direct relationship between the three personality traits of neuroticism, extroversion and openness to experience with anxious thoughts was significant. Also, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, sleep quality and anxious thoughts are directly related to nomophobia. The indirect relationship between neuroticism, openness to experience and sleep quality was significant, but the indirect effect of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness on nomophobia was not significant. The results showed that personality traits and sleep quality as independent variables and anxiety thoughts as mediating variables are an important factor in predicting nomophobia, therefore, according to these variables, programs can be planned for the prevention, intervention and control of nomophobia.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of birth order in the relationship between mothers' emotional maturity and perfectionism and children's anxiety in first period of elementary school. This research was a descriptive study of causal-correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of all mothers whose children were studying in the first period of elementary school in Ardakan city. Among these, 327 people were selected based on availability of participants. To collect information, Spence Child Anxiety Scale-Parent version (SCAS-P) (1999), Emotional Maturity Scale (EMS) (1990) and Ahvaz Perfectionism Scale (1999) were used. Finally, statistical data was analyzed using Spss-26 and Amos-24 software. The research findings indicate the existence of a direct and significant relationship between mothers' negative perfectionism and children's anxiety, as well as a direct and significant relationship between mothers' emotional immaturity and children's anxiety. The moderating role of birth order in the relationship between perfectionism and children's anxiety was not significant. The moderating role of birth order was significant in the relationship between emotional immaturity and children's anxiety. Based on the findings of the present study, the order of children's birth has a moderating role in the relationship between mothers' emotional maturity and children's anxiety, and in general, it can be said that the effect of mothers' emotional immaturity on the level of anxiety in first children is more severe than in middle and last children.

The present correlational study examined the mediating effect of mental toughness on the relationship between strength-based parenting and psychological resilience among male and female university students. The statistical population of this research included undergraduate students of Mazandaran University in the 2021 - 22 academic year. The statistical sample also included 313 students who were selected by available sampling method and responded to the Strength-based Parenting Scale (Jach, Sun, Loton, Chin & Waters, 2018), the Mental Toughness Questionnaire-Revised (McGeown, St Clair-Thompson & Clough, 2016). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the proposed model among male and female students. Results indicated that for students, the partially mediated model of mental toughness on the relationship between strength-based parenting and psychological resilience showed a good fit. Furthermore, all of the regression weights in the hypothesized model were statistically significant and model' predictors accounted for 21% of the variance for psychological resilience. In sum, consistent with the bio-ecological human development model, the explanative role and power of the strength-based parenting context in increasing adolescents’ psychological capital is reiterated in the present research.