فهرست مطالب
مجله دستاورد های روانشناختی
سال سیام شماره 1 (پیاپی 29، Spring-Summer 2023)
- تاریخ انتشار: 1402/05/01
- تعداد عناوین: 7
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Pages 1-10Aim
The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of cognitive load on reaction to the other's trust, with the moderating role of personality traits.
Methods:
Using available sampling method 85 at Persian Gulf University were selected and were asked to complete the HEXACO personality inventory. Then, using random assignment method, they were divided into four groups (four levels of cognitive load from no cognitive load to high cognitive load. Finally, participants were asked to complete a scenario that examined reaction to other's trust, under a variety of degrees of cognitive loads, mentioned above. The data were analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis (utilizing Baron and Keaney's method for assessing moderating effect).
ResultsThe results indicated that cognitive load causes a decrease in reaction to other's trust (R=0.683) and that each personality trait could moderate the effect of cognitive load on reaction to other’s trust.
ConclusionConsidering the ever-increasing cognitive load caused by the explosion of information in the modern age, it is necessary to identify and strengthen the personality traits underlying trusting interpersonal relationships
Keywords: Cognitive load, personality traits, reaction to trust, students -
Pages 11-24Aim and Background
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is a condition in which children display a pattern of uncooperative, defiant, and angry behavior toward people in authority.
ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the predictors of ODD among male teenagers in the city of Urmia, Iran. Methods: For this descriptive-analytical study, 384 male students between the ages of 13-16 were selected through cluster sampling. The instruments used comprised Hill Burns’ (1964) Affective Family Climate, Garnefski's Emotion Self-Regulation (2006), Cloninger’s (1994) Temperament and Character Inventory, and Achenbach’s (1991) Youth Self-Report questionnaires. Data were analyzed in SPSS v.19 using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s comparison, and regression at a significance level of p≤0.05
ResultsThe results showed a direct and significant correlation between emotion regulation and symptoms of ODD (0.19, p<0.01). A direct and significant relationship was also found between temperament and ODD symptoms (-0.20, p<0.01). Pearson’s correlation analyses revealed a meaningful relation between the family's emotional atmosphere and symptoms of ODD (-0.53, p<0.01). Furthermore, multiple linear regression models indicated that 39.9% of the variance of ODD is predicted by emotion regulation, family emotional atmosphere, and temperament.
ConclusionBased on the results of this study, it seems likely that ODD is influenced by emotion regulation, temperament, and affective family climate; to prevent the formation of this disorder, it is recommended that these three variables be addressed.
Keywords: Oppositional defiant disorder, temperament, affective family climate, emotion regulation -
Pages 25-36Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of coping skills in the relationship between cognitive schemas activated in sexual context and marital satisfaction. The research method was descriptive-correlation and structural equation modeling.
Methods:
The statistical population included all the men and women of Bandar Abbas, of whom 350 were selected by available sampling method. The sample of this study included 125 men (35.7%) and 225 women (64.3%). To collect data, the Cognitive Schema Questionnaire Activated in Sexual Context (QCSASC), the Elzaros and Folkman Coping Skills questionnaire (CSQ) and the Marital Satisfaction Scale were used. SPSS23 and AMOS software were used for data analysis.
ResultsStructural equation modeling showed that coping skills and cognitive schemas activated in sexual context both directly and indirectly affected marital satisfaction in men and women. The evaluation of the hypothetical research model using fit indices showed that the hypothetical model fits the measurement model (CFI=0.97, NFI=0.99, RMSEA=0.044).
ConclusionConsistent with the dual control model, the results of this research showed that coping skills have an effect on the marital satisfaction of women and men, and these findings emphasize that along with the coping skills of each person in marital relationships, the cognitive schemas activated in the sexual context are also important.
Keywords: cognitive schema, coping skills, marital satisfaction, sexual context -
Pages 37-50Aim
Taking into account the importance of creativity and the effective role of creative self-efficacy (CSE) in it, several attempts have been performed to develop appropriate measures. One of the multi-dimensional tools to assess CSE is Abbott’s (2010) creative self-efficacy inventory. The current study is an attempt to investigate factor structure and psychometric properties of Abbott’s CSE Inventory (2010) in Persian sample. The other objectives were to examine the differences in CSE regarding age and gender.
Methods:
The participants of this study were students in the age range of 13-19 years and also were schooling in 7th</sup>-12th</sup> grades of West Azerbaijan high schools (N= 400). Abbott’s CSE Inventory (2010) and intellect/imagination subscale of five factors personality Mini-IPIP scale were used. CFA was executed using AMOS and the data was analysed by SPSS software.
ResultsReliability coefficients of raters for creative thinking self-efficacy (CTSE) and creative performance self-efficacy (CPSE) were 0.96 and 0.97 respectively (p<0.01). In addition, internal consistency of the whole scale, CPSE, and CTSE based on Cronbach’s alpha was 0.95, 0.88, and 0.93 respectively. The results showed that two factors were identified by the EFA, with eigenvalues greater than 1. These two factors were retained with 59.529 % of the total variance. The CFA supported construct validity of the CSE Inventory and its multi-factor structure. Also, there was no difference between the genders in terms of CSE, while CSE and age were directly related.
ConclusionThe current research revealed that the structure and psychometric properties of the CSE Inventory for the Iranian sample are adequate
Keywords: Adolescents, Age-based differences, Creative self-efficacy inventory, Gender-based differences, Validation -
Pages 51-64Aim
Non-pharmacological treatment models are offered to the diabetics to better manage their diabetes and blood sugar. This study compared two popular treatments which are evidenced to have an acceptable effect on diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and health-promoting lifestyle intervention or diabetes self-management program (DSMP) in the management of HbA1c.
Methods:
A total of 60 patients referred to Tehran Diabetes Treatment centers were selected by convenience sampling and were assigned to three 20-member groups. The first group received ACT intervention, the second group received DSMP intervention, and the third group did not receive any intervention. All the three groups received relevant medications during the study. They were examined for glycated hemoglobin in the three phases of before the intervention, after the intervention and follow-up using blood tests. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and mixed-design analysis of variance
ResultsThe results showed that both ACT and DSMP methods were effective in improving the Management of Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Type 2 Diabetes (F=5.835, P value<0.005). In addition, the effectiveness was sustained until the follow-up phase (F=26.274, P value<0.001). However, the comparison of the two treatments showed that ACT was more effective than DSMP in post-test and follow-up phases (F=10.902, P value<0.001).
ConclusionIt seems that along with pharmacological treatments, ACT could be significantly effective in the management of glycated hemoglobin levels. Glycated hemoglobin levels were better managed with the lifestyle modification by ACT than DSMP
Keywords: Acceptance, Commitment Therapy, Self-management, Type 2 diabetes, Glycated Hemoglobin -
Pages 65-74Aim
People with Misophonia disorder are prone to suffering from other psychological problems, such as anxiety and mood disorders, due to avoidance of various situations. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess an Experiential Avoidance model with Misophonia disorder through the mediating role of Cognitive Fusion and Emotion Dysregulation in university students.
MethodsThe method of the present research is a descriptive-correlation study. The population included whole students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in the academic year 2022-2023. 251 university students were selected using a random cluster sampling method. Data were collected with a demographic questionnaire, "Misophonia Questionnaire", "Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire", "Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire" and "Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale".
ResultsExperiential Avoidance is indirectly correlated with the symptoms of Misophonia disorder through Emotion Dysregulation.
ConclusionEmotion Dysregulation plays a mediating role in the relationship between Experiential Avoidance and symptoms of Misophonia disorder, unlike Cognitive Fusion. It is suggested that approaches based on emotion regulation, such as transdiagnostic, be used in the development of preventive interventions and treatment for people with symptoms of Misophonia disorder
Keywords: Misophonia, Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, Emotion Dysregulation -
Pages 75-88Aim
Due to the employment of female partners in the workforce, the number of couples who are both employed has increased recently. This problem has an impact on marital life and even job performance, even if it helps to improve family income. This study aimed to investigate the path analysis model of interpersonal trust, controlling behaviors, marital distress and job satisfaction in the dual-earner couples.
MethodsThe research is the correlational and structural equations type, and the statistical population of the research includes dual-earner couples working in the city of Isfahan in 1402, from which 120 people were selected by convenience sampling method. To measure the variables, the interpersonal trust scale (Johnson George and Swap, 1982), the controlling behavior scale (Graham Kwan and Archer, 2005), the marital distress questionnaire (Schneider, 1979) and the job satisfaction scale (Judge and Bono, 2000) were used. For data analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used using SPSS software version 25 and Smart-Pls software version 3. The mediation analysis was done by bootstrap test.
ResultsThe findings show that based on the value of 0.465 for the index G.O.F., the path analysis model of interpersonal trust, controlling behaviors, marital distress and job satisfaction is suitable, and the bootstrap test and confidence interval showed that controlling behaviors mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust and marital distress, and marital distress mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust and controlling behaviors with job satisfaction.
ConclusionIt is recommended that in order to lessen marital misery and enhance work satisfaction, couples should get training aimed at fostering trust and reducing controlling tendencies.
Keywords: Controlling Behaviors, Job Satisfaction, Interpersonal Trust, Marital Distress