Journal of Clinical Physiotherapy Research
Volume:7 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

 High-fat diets and physical exercise are associated with increased expression of genes involved in the metabolism and browning of adipose tissue; however, their molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) over a period of a ketogenic diet on serum levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total cholesterol (TC) in overweight and obese girls were investigated.

 In this quasi-experimental study with pre- and post-test design, 16 overweight and obese girls (aged 18-24 years) were randomly divided into two groups of eight individuals (ketogenic diet + HIIT or ketogenic diet alone) and participated in a six-week experimental period (ketogenic diet: 70% fat, 20% protein and 10% carbohydrate; HIIT: 4×4 min running with an intensity of 85-95% of maximal heart rate, three 45-min sessions per week). Blood samples were collected and analyzed 48 h before and after the experimental period.

 From pre-test to post-test, the ketogenic diet + HIIT was associated with a significant increase in UCP1 (p = 0.007) and HDL (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in LDL (p = 0.001) and TC (p = 0.009), whereas the ketogenic diet alone led to a significant increase in HDL (p < 0.001) and a significant decrease in LDL (p = 0.002). After controlling for pre-test levels, the levels of UCP1 (p = 0.006) and HDL (p < 0.001) in the ketogenic + HIIT group in the post-test were significantly higher than those in the ketogenic group, whereas differences in LDL (p = 0.486) and TC (p = 0.665) levels were not statistically significant.

 Combining high-intensity interval training with a ketogenic diet is more effective than a ketogenic diet alone in activating the browning pathways of adipose tissue and improving blood lipid profile, which can be used to manage overweight and prevent the cardiovascular consequences of obesity.

Based on many evidences, physical activity levels are one of the most important factors in maintaining personal and social health. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of physical activity (PA) on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life in women after breast cancer surgery.

The participants of the present study were 252 women with breast cancer who had undergone breast cancer surgery at least once in the Mo'tamed hospital in Tehran. Assessment tools were the international Physical Activity questionnaire (IPAQ), self-administrated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC-QLQ-C30), Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), and Coopersmith self-esteem (SEI) questionnaires. To analyze the data, the ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test were used respectively.

Results showed a significant difference between low and moderate, low and high, and moderate and high PA level on body image, self-esteem, and quality of life (P≤0.05). The moderate level of PA had more effect compared to the low and high levels of PA.

Our study suggested that physicians, Physical Therapists, Occupational Therapists, should be schedules more PA and sports plans for patients with breast cancer surgery and increase patients’ awareness of PA benefits.

The relationship between the use of braces and gait parameters in people with kyphosis has been not well understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two types of thoracolumbosacral braces on erector spinae, and gluteus medius muscles activities in individuals with kyphosis during walking.

Fifteen males with kyphosis volunteered to participate in the present study. All participants were right footed. Each participant performed three walking trials in each of the three brace conditions including without brace, with alarm brace, and with simple brace. Muscle activities were recorded during walking at constant walk speed. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measures ANOVA test at the significant level of 0.05. All analyses were performed using the SPSS version 22.

There is no significant difference in electromyography activities of the lower limb muscles at the loading response and mid-stance phases (P>0.05). Also, results showed a significant difference during push-off phase for gastrocnemius medialis muscle (P<0.05).

The use of thoracolumbosacral braces reduced the electrical activity of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle during the push-off phase. These changes may lead to gait efficiency while using thoracolumbosacral braces.

Understanding the biomechanical performance of the lower limb joint during running is of the utmost importance for enhancing our current understanding of high human performance, as well as for identifying potential factors that may be associated with injuries. Given that the mechanical work of the lower limb joints conveys crucial information about joint function, the objective of the present study was to examine the impact of increasing running speed on the mechanical work of elite male runners.

The current study is an observational cross-sectional study.28 healthy male elite runners aged 22 - 51 years ran on a treadmill with a force plate in the middle of the walk-way, at three different speeds, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 m/s respectively, and the data related to the mechanical work of the lower limbs were recorded and extracted. Also, in order to compare the averages of the Hip, Knee and Ankle mechanical work variables, ANOVA repeated measurements method with Bonferroni post hoc test was used.

It was found that increasing the speed leads to a significant difference in the mechanical work of the joints of the lower limbs including hip and ankle in both absorption and production phases(P<0.05) except in the knee joint at a speed of 3.5 to 4.5 in positive mechanical work (P=0.121).

Considering the biomechanics of running is very important as a basic skill that every person performs during his life. The mechanical work aspects of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during increased running speed may potentially provide a biomechanical explanation for these clinical observations.

 Music performance Anxiety has been the focus of psychological research in recent years. The aim of this study was to develop a causal model for predicting music performance anxiety based on coping strategies and emotional self-regulation mediated by mindfulness.

 In terms of implementation, this research is based on a communication model and is part of descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of this study included all musicians, music teachers and music students in Kermanshah. A sample of 300 music students and musicians was available by sampling and selected online. In this study, to collect information related to answering research questions from 4 standard questionnaires of music performance anxiety (2004); Andler and Parker Coping Styles (1990); Garnfsky & Kreich (2002) emotional self-regulation and the pentagonal mindset of Bayer et al. (2000) were used. For inferential analysis of the data, the effects have been investigated using structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software.

 The results showed that emotion-oriented coping style had a positive and significant effect on music performance anxiety, problem-oriented coping style had a positive and significant effect on music performance anxiety, and avoidance-oriented coping style had a positive and significant effect on music performance anxiety. Also, positive emotional cognitive self-regulation had a negative and significant effect on music performance anxiety and negative emotional cognitive self-regulation had a positive and significant effect on music performance anxiety and a negative and significant effect between mindfulness and music performance anxiety.

 It is important to pay attention to educating and informing musicians about coping strategies, emotional self-regulation and mindfulness.