فصلنامه علوم زیستی ورزشی
پیاپی 58 (پاییز 1402)

Aerobic exercises expand the capillary network in the heart and skeletal muscle, but its shape and type remain unknown; thereforeThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of discontinuous aerobic exercise on serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin (ES) in male rats with coronary artery disease. The experimental subjects were 30 healthy male Wistar rats that 2-month olds who were divided into 3 groups included discontinuous aerobic exercise group with coronary artery disease, control group with coronary artery disease and healthy control group. After rupturing 20 of the rats by isoproterenol, 10 rats in the experimental group performed 8 weeks of discontinuous aerobic exercise on treadmill, and both the control group with coronary artery disease (n = 10) and healthy control group (n = 10) did noting.72 hours after the last training session, serum VEGF and ES indices were measured and one-way ANOVA with scheffe posthoc tests was used to compare the mean of variables among the studied groups. The results showed that discontinuous aerobic exercise could increase the blood VEGF in rats with coronary artery disease (p=0.01), while there was no difference in the level of endostatin in experimental group compared with control groups (p>0.05).

Being overweight and obese during adolescence is associated with a wide range of complications and an increased risk of sudden occurrence of physical problems, mental disorders, and some cancers. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 10 weeks of spinning training on body composition, vo2max and ghrelin hormone levels in adolescents with overweight.

In this quasi-experimental study, with a design pre-test-post-test and a control group, 30 overweight teenagers with BMI=26.8 kg/m2 were selected purposefully and using a systematic random method were divided into 2 groups of 15 people (Exercise and Control). The spinning training protocol was implemented for 10 weeks, three times a week, and lasted about 50 minutes with an intensity of 65% of the maximum heart rate daily incrementally. Blood sampling and the measurement of height, weight, BMI, and Vo2max were done in two stages, pre-test, and post-test. In addition, in order to analyze the data, Covariance tests was used using SPSS26 software at a significant level (P=0.05).

The results of the study showed a significant decrease in weight (P=0.001), fat percentage (P=0.001) and BMI index (P=0.001) and a significant increase in Vo2max (P=0.001) and ghrelin hormone levels after 10 weeks of spinning training (P=0.001).

These findings indicate the beneficial effects of the effect of spinning exercise on body composition, VO2max and ghrelin hormone in overweight teenagers. Therefore, the use of spinning exercises is recommended as a suitable prevention and treatment method for overweight and obese teenagers.

Positive regulation of senescence-related markers leads to adipose tissue disorders. Exercise seems to improve aging in adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of endurance and resistance training on the expression of senescence-related genes. In this experimental study, Twenty-four obese rats were divided into three groups: (1) Endurance Training, (2) Resistance Training, and (3) Control groups. Training groups trained for 8 weeks and 5 days a week. The Endurance group exercise program consists of Running on a treadmill and the Resistance group exercise program is included Climbing a resistance ladder. While, the control group had no training. The expression of P53, P16, and IL-6 genes in visceral tissue of obese rats were measured by Real-time PCR analysis. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test and statistical differences were considered significant at P<0.05. The results of this study showed the expression levels of P53, P16, and IL-6 genes in the Endurance Training group (P=0.001, P=0.006, P=0.001) and Resistance Training group (P=0.001, P=0.038, P=0.001) had a significant decrease compared to the control group. There was also no significant difference in the expression of P53, P16, and IL-6 genes between the endurance and resistance groups (P=0.439, P=0.584, P=0.300). According to the results of the present study, it seems that endurance and resistance training plays a role in reducing the expression of senescence-related genes, which This effect was no different in endurance and resistance training.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of four weeks of rhythmic aerobic exercise with and without curcumin supplementation on some indicators of lipid profile and oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and blood cholesterol in inactive and obese women. For this purpose, 30 inactive and overweight and obese women in Tabriz with an average age of (27.6 + 31) years, weight (158 + 1.27) kg and body mass index (32 + 3.12) kg Square meters were selected. Subjects were divided into two equal groups of 15 (non-supplemental exercise group, supplemental exercise group) based on weight and fat percentage. Rhythmic aerobic exercise protocol lasted for four weeks, four sessions per week and each session lasted 106-60 minutes. Each session included 15 minutes of warm-up with stretching exercises and soft rhythmic sports music, 36-81 minutes of continuous aerobic rhythmic training, and finally 10 minutes of cooling down with relaxation exercises with slow rhythm music. The exercise was performed in three sets with a rest interval of 3 minutes between each set. The intensity of the main program at four weeks was 80-50% HRmax. The supplement training group took 1000 mg of curcumin tablets (twice daily and 500 mg each time) for four weeks. Enzymatic colorimetric analysis, total antioxidant capacity by strain method were used for analysis of blood samples in lipid profile variables and ELISA method was used for MDA evaluation.

The statistical sample of the present study includes 22 healthy inactive male volunteers living in Bukan city of West Azerbaijan province and its suburbs with an age range of 21/09 ± 0/88, height of 174/1 ±1/68 and weight of 73/25 ± 1/03 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. After determining the groups in a double-blind design, the subjects participating in the placebo and supplement groups for one month; 27 days before and 3 days after the contusion training program, they received an omega-3 capsule of 1000 mg The results of repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test to examine the differences in the mean of PGE2 hormone during different stages of measurement showed a significant difference in the variable within the groups after extroverted and introverted activity. In the supplement group, it was observed that the mean of cortisol decreased from 48 and 72 hours later compared to 24 hours and returned to the mean before the onset of delayed muscle contusion, but in the control group, the mean of cortisol in the next 48 hours compared to baseline. Has increased. The results of repeated measures analysis of variance test to examine the differences in the mean perception of muscle pain using the VAS scale during different stages of measurement indicate a significant difference in the variable within the groups after extroverted activity and He was introverted. In summary, omega-3 supplementation can reduce the apparent functional and biochemical symptoms of delayed muscle soreness.

Effect of complex voluntary wheel running on necroptosis and inflammation related hippocampal genes’ expression level and spatial memory function in rat model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully elucidated.

60 male Wistar rats (age: 4-6 weeks) were randomized into three groups of control-healthy (H-C), control-Alzheimer (C-ALZ), and complex wheel running-Alzheimer (CWheel-ALZ). AD induction was verified using shuttle box test two weeks following brain ventricle STZ injection and CWheel-ALZ animals experienced 12 weeks of complex voluntary wheel running in the following. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer thickness and neuronal density (histochemical analysis) and necroptosis related hippocampal genes’ expression level were measured by PCER method following euthanasia. Data were compared using ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test.

CA1 cell layer thickness and neuronal density were lower, while duration of spatial memory task, time to exhaustion and expression level of necroptosis related genes were higher in C-ALZ compared to H-C (P<0.05). In spite of restoration of all of variables in CWheel-ALZ animals (significant differences was observed compared to C-ALZ group), remarkable differences with H-C were still present after intervention (P<0.05).

AD elevates likelihood of hippocampal inflammation and necroptosis along with both physical and mental performances. Complex wheel running fails to fully assuage the adverse effects from AD, in spite of some appreciable amendments could be provided. However; more research still warranted to be because of study limitations and lack of similar evidence done in this area.