نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
سال چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 14، پاییز 1402)

In recent years, the global economy witnessed a remarkable growth in the tourism industry. However, this growth and dynamism were severely disrupted by the global spread of the COVID-19. With the imposition of international travel bans and the enforcement of widespread restrictions on public gatherings, along with hindrances to movement and mobility to various destinations, the tourism sector came to a halt. The pandemic's impact effectively pushed tourism towards a complete standstill. This study aimed to investigate the impact of perceived COVID-19 risk and social media on the intention for revisiting, with the mediating role of brand engagement in the tourism industry. The study had an applied objective and was conducted using descriptive survey with a cross-sectional approach in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the study were all customers of tourism offices in Māzandarān province, from which 384 individuals has been selected as the sample through the Cochran formula. A researcher-made questionnaire adapted from Rutter's study (2021) was used for data collection. The questionnaire comprised 7 dimensions and 29 questions, formulated on a five-point Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α=0.7). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using SmartPLS software was employed for hypothesis testing. The results demonstrated that social media and perceived COVID-19 risk have significant direct effects on brand engagement and intention for revisiting. Furthermore, the brand engagement has a significant direct impact on the intention for revisiting. Brand engagement was also found to mediate the relationship between social media and perceived risk with the intention for revisiting.

The sustainability of human constructions and activities is one of the things that should be considered at the top of urban plans. There are countless constructions and developments created by man, one of which is housing. Considering the importance of the role of housing in the lives of residents, achieving sustainable housing is considered important in order to increase and improve the quality of life of the current and future generations, because today, with the ever-increasing population growth, the need to build housing is increasing day by day. Therefore, to achieve sustainable urban development, paying attention to sustainable housing can play a constructive role. But unfortunately, in our country, buildings, especially residential buildings, are built without regard to sustainable urban development. The city of Bandar Anzali is not excluded from this category. This led to the analysis and investigation of the stability of the residential units of Bandar Anzali city according to the indicators of sustainable housing in this article. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and based on documentary sources and field investigations. The data obtained from the field and documentary surveys have been analyzed by SPSS software. In this way, the level of sustainability of residential units in Bandar Anzali city was determined in different dimensions. The findings of the research show that most of the houses in Bandar Anzali are stable. Although this stability has been different in the dimensions of housing stability. In this way, in the social dimension, the houses of Bandar Anzali are more stable, and from the environmental point of view, the houses of the city do not have favorable stability. Finally, solutions have been provided for the sustainability of the city's housing, especially in the environmental aspect.

The expansion of Urbanization and the rapid growth of metropolises, followed by modernist ideologies and fragmentation, have led cities to lose their liveliness and vitality. In the field of urban planning, creating a space that reinforces positive emotions and minimizes the expression of negative emotions is essential. Accordingly, one of the fundamental responsibilities of social and public institutions such as municipalities and city councils, and the urban management system as a whole, is to strive for the creation of a joyful space for citizens. This research aimed to articulate the criteria for a joyful city in urban planning within Salmānshahr. The data collection method was conducted through questionnaires, with a sample size of 400 respondents. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS software, employing both descriptive and inferential analyses. For prioritizing areas, the Topsis multi-criteria decision-making model was used, and for determining the weight of indices, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model, along with Expert Choice software, was utilized. According to the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test, the studied indices showed significant differences among the five districts of Salmānshahr. Based on the ranks obtained by the Topsis model, District 5 with a score of 0/8344 holds the highest rank compared to other city districts. Districts 1 and 4, with scores of 0/7426 and 0/6352, respectively, rank second and third, while District 3 with a score of 0/3021 holds the fourth rank. Finally, District 2 with a score of 0/0771 is ranked fifth.

Coastal tourism has the potential to provide economic and employment opportunities in destination countries. This research aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the development of coastal tourism in Iran using a multi-criteria decision-making methods. Therefore, the influential factors in the development of coastal tourism in Iran were identified using literature review, expert opinions, and the fuzzy Delphi method. This research was exploratory in terms of purpose, applied in nature, and employed a survey method for data collection. The research population consisted of experts in the field of coastal tourism in Iran. A judgmental sampling method was used to select the sample. After collecting the data, the importance and weight of each factor were identified by Shannon’s entropy method. Then, using the additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method, factors were evaluated and prioritized. According to the entropy method, the factor "marketing and advertising about tourist attractions in coastal areas" was the most important in the development of coastal tourism in Iran. The results of the ARAS method showed that among the factors affecting the development of coastal tourism in Iran, "security of coastal areas", "creation of employment opportunities and attention to local products and businesses in coastal areas" and "recreational facilities in coastal areas" had the highest priority.

Considering the extensive changes in land use and the necessity of providing awareness to managers and planners about the nature of these transformations for policy-making and problem-solving, the detection of land use changes through land cover analysis has become essential. Therefore, land use mapping is a requirement for any national and regional development planning. It empowers managers, planners, and experts to design and implement necessary actions by identifying current conditions, comparing capabilities and potentials, and addressing current and future needs and issues. Due to the high costs associated with traditional manual methods of land use mapping, remote sensing can offer engineers a faster and more accurate means for land use mapping and subsequent assessment of changes in an area. The present research aimed to investigate the land use changes in the city of Rasht from 1990 to 2020 using Landsat satellite images. Data analysis was conducted using Google Earth Engine, and the results were further analyzed and visualized using ArcGIS software. The findings indicated that over the 30-year study period, the percentage of forest and agricultural land decreased, while built-up areas, croplands, and pastures increased. The highest increase was observed in residential (urban and rural) land use, encompassing 8,080 hectares, followed by a 12,690-hectare expansion in pastureland.

Urban worn-out textures require preservation, respect, and revitalization due to their historical and cultural values. Nowadays, the restoration of these textures places a significant focus on meeting residents' needs in establishing a connection with the physical environment and concepts such as a sense of place belonging, which is of great interest to many designers. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical condition (access to urban services) and the sense of place belonging in the worn-out textures of six neighborhoods (Āmeri, Yousefi, Ākhar-e Āsfālt, Zargān, Hasirābād, and Lashkarābād). This applied study employed a descriptive-analytical research method. The Kruskal-Wallis test, simple t-test, Pearson correlation in SPSS software, and FAHP were employed to achieve the research objective. The results of the investigations indicated that the Ākhar-e Āsfālt, Yousefi, and Āmeri neighborhoods have a favorable status in terms of access to urban facilities and services, while Hasirābād neighborhood, is in a highly unfavorable condition. Furthermore, examining the relationship between urban services and the sense of place belonging to the worn-out texture with a coefficient of 0.371, signifying a direct correlation between the two mentioned variables. This implies that by enhancing urban facilities and services, as well as reinforcing public spaces and physical structures, the worn-out textures can foster an increased sense of place belonging in these areas.