نشریه مطالعات جغرافیایی نواحی ساحلی
سال چهارم شماره 4 (پیاپی 15، زمستان 1402)

Today, villages, with their unique settlement patterns and human livelihoods, require organization and development considering their roles in countries' economic and social aspects. For the preparation and implementation of the Guide (Hādi) plan as the most comprehensive and local rural development plan in Iran, huge costs are spent, and this plan has had significant effects on the physical, social, and economic structure of rural settlements. The multi-dimensional effect of the preparation and implementation of this plan on the area of rural settlements and the communities settled in them doubles the necessity of the pathology of guide's plan. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to investigate the pathology of rural development plans with an emphasis on the rural guide plan and also the factors affecting the advancement of the rural guide plans, which was conducted as a case study in Māzandarān province. The current research was descriptive-analytical; documentary research and a researcher-made questionnaire were used for data collection. The statistical population of the research was experts and specialists in the field of rural guide plan. The questionnaires were distributed among 30 of them. They were selected using snowball sampling. The pathological criteria of the studied rural development plans included (economic-social-environmental-psychological and content) in the form of 33 questions. Results showed that the criteria of eradicating poverty (3.26), lack of people's participation in the plan (2.93), not considering international laws (3.10), neglecting functions and activities (3.96), the role of private sector (3.46), common understanding of the issues (3.33), investment in the agricultural sector (3.23), identification of geological factors (3.36), are among the damages from viewpoint of experts of guide plan in Māzandarān province. Furthermore, according to experts, the results of exploratory factor analysis indicated that the influential factors in advancing rural development projects in Māzandarān province included three dimensions (economic, social, and content-related) within a framework of nine variables. Ultimately, solutions are proposed to address existing challenges and improve the effectiveness of the rural guide plans in enhancing the quality of life for residents in the region.

The coasts of Jāsk and its eastern regions are of great importance in developing the country's southern areas due to their strategic location, such as the establishment of military centers and the pipeline project to transfer Goreh oil to Jāsk. Monitoring and evaluating the changes in coastlines, mainly due to natural events such as floods in these areas where coastal structures are located, can provide valuable information to the environmental planners for the optimal implementation of construction projects. This research aimed to evaluate the changes in the geomorphology of the coastline due to the occurrence of floods in 6 years and 4 major floods in the years 2014, 2017, 2019, and 2020 at the base of the Sedij Delta. Landsat satellite data and the NDWI index were used to extract geomorphological units and coastlines. Coastline changes were also calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension in the two geomorphological units of the sandy beach and the estuary of the Sedij Delta. The results showed that during the occurrence of these floods, according to the NSM index, the changes in coastlines in the mouths of the estuaries have a trend with sedimentation. The maximum progression of the coastline after these floods was 503 meters, and sandy beaches have an erosion process. The maximum rate of retreat of the coastline is 256.16 meters. The study of changes in the area of coastal barriers during the flood period showed that these floods have led to severe erosion of the coastal barriers, and about 171.79 hectares have lost their area at the base of the Sedij Delta. This research showed that in addition to the river processes, the intensification of marine processes, such as the height of waves, especially on sandy beaches, can significantly affect the erosion of coastlines in the studied area.

Creative cities are considered a new model in urban planning to help the development of cities. In the meantime, one of the urban development opportunities raised by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network to use the potential in cities is gastronomy, which plays a role in the daily life of citizens as a cultural and creative activity. This research sought to analyze the performance of Rasht as the creative city of gastronomy with the aim of urban development and explaining a model for it. The research method was qualitative using grounded theory. The statistical sample size was obtained using the snowball sampling method and continued through interviews until data saturation and no new concept was obtained. Accordingly, 25 individuals participated in a semi-structured interview. 13 of them included city managers of Rasht, officials of the Creative City of Gastronomy project, urban area experts, tourism development specialists, university faculty members, restaurateurs and cooks, and 12 people included citizens of Rasht. From the collected information, the final model of the research was formed during the three steps of coding the Grounded theory (open, axial, and selective) and the conditions of the categories (causal, contextual, central phenomenon, intervention, inhibitory, strategies, consequence). Results showed that the category of "importance of planning and branding" is a causal condition, the category of "cultural and food values" is a contextual condition, the category of "actions in the field of creative city" is an intervention condition, and the category of "disorganization and indecisiveness of urban management in the direction of development" "Creative City of Gastronomy" is one of the conditions that hinder the Creative City of Gastronomy in Rasht and affect its performance. In general, the performance of the creative city of Rasht could be better. To improve the performance of this city, three strategies, "Education and participation of society and trades," "Realization of creative projects," and "Information and communication exchange management," were presented. By applying these strategies, the result of "Strengthening and all-round development of the creative gastronomy city" will be It happens that it consists of three basic categories: "increasing managers and creative and participatory citizens," "tourism development in the field of gastronomy" and "productivity of the local and urban economy." The results of the research help to understand the key components in the performance of the creative gastronomy city of Rasht by planners, officials, city managers, and citizens.

Planning in the form of development and construction plans in Iran is the most basic tool for shaping urban settlements based on pre-planned systems. In this article, two issues have been followed to evaluate the feasibility of the goals of comprehensive regional plans on the spatial distribution system of the population in the urban settlements of Hormozgān province. First, has the residential system in the urban areas of Hormozgān province been realized based on the regional plans and goals or not? Second, how is the spatial distribution of the population, especially in terms of concentration and balance, in the minimum prime urban settlements of Hormozgān province? It was an applied-developmental research based on quantitative-analytical investigation. Considering the major goals of all four district plans in Hormozgān province based on proportionate and balanced distribution of population and settlement points, the first urban situation, balance, and concentration of population and distribution pattern of urban settlements in Hormozgān has been discussed province according to different indicators and models. The results indicated that while regional plans in Hormozgān Province have reasonably succeeded in predicting and suggesting urban settlement points at the provincial level, population predictions seem lower than the current situation. Nevertheless, in recent decades, the intensity of population concentration has decreased, and the population distribution in the provincial urban system has moved toward relative balance.

changes in the texture and physical system, changes in the functional system and changes in the communication system). Similarly, in the architectural developments of rural houses, and among the coastal villages of Bagh Amirbekandeh with a value of 3.78, Talesh Mahalle with a value of 3.22, Ali Ziba Kanaar with a value of 3.25, in the third floor (high impact), the highest impact rate is from are allocated to tourism, and other villages were included in the second class group (moderate impact) with emphasis on tourism In the changes in the texture and physical system, among the villages of Ali Ziba Kanaar, with a value of 3.11, they have the highest level of impact from tourism, and other villages in the second class group (moderate impact) with an emphasis on tourism. Were included in the transformations of changing the functional and communication system, all villages were included in the second class group (medium impact) with emphasis on tourism. The results of the spatial analysis of developments in rural settlements showed that there is a correlation between the mentioned developments, in this regard, the correlation test was used for more assurance, which the results of the test showed, the correlation between the developments showed that tourism as an industry and the basic activity is in the rural settlements, whose impact in each of the mentioned physical-spatial developments depends on other developments.

The concept of resilience is rooted in the discourse of sustainable management, especially in the coastal areas. Resilience is regarded as a desirable attribute, and policy and practice in coastal area management are increasingly aimed toward promoting it. Considering the effects of climate change, achieving social, economic, and physical resilience in coastal environments is very costly in the long run. This study aimed to examine the resiliency of the coastal settlements in the province of Guilān. Twenty-one indices have been used in different social, economic, and physical dimensions to measure the resilience of the coastal settlements of Guilān province. The research method was descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of the research is the coastal settlements of Guilān province (the Settlements of Āstārā, Tālesh, Bandar-e Anzali, Rasht, Rezvānshahr, Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Lāhijān, Langrud and Māsāl). BWM and PROMETHEE models were used for data analysis. According to the study's findings, Rezvānshahr, Āstārā, Rasht, Lāhijān, and Bandar-e Anzali have sufficient resilience levels, while Āstāneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Rudsar, Tālesh, Māsāl, and Langrud have inadequate resilience levels.