نشریه تاریخ شفاهی
سال چهاردهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 13، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

As elements of identity, urban neighborhoods play an important role in the fabric of cities. Old neighborhoods usually preserve the history and old traditions of a city and New neighborhoods bring a new structure to the cities that is in accordance with the needs of the day and the urban standard. Therefore, tradition and modernity are located together and thus the fabric of cities evolves. Sepahan Shahr, is one of the new neighborhoods  that built according to the new urban structure. This neighborhood is located next to the traditional neighborhoods of Isfahan and has attracted many of people. A population that has many differences from each other in terms of ethnicity, race and culture. Has Sepahanshahr region responded to the needs of its residents? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this neighborhood? These are the main questions of this research that have been tried to be answered based on oral history and library sources. It seems that Sepahanshahr is a suitable area for its residents with its new urban planning model and its proximity to the city limits. But this neighborhood has weaknesses, some of which have become a problem for its residents.

Historiotherapy is a practical research method that can lead the existing discursive conflicts of societies to discursive interaction through historical rational knowledge. Neshel village consists of eight clans and nine independent families. These clans are not different from each other in terms of language, race and religion. The only distinguishing feature of these clans is the attribution to an ancestor/ancestor. Throughout history, this issue has caused competition between tribes to hold local positions, benefit from production resources (pastures and agricultural lands), The main conflict/discussion competition has been the background and history of the presence of clan ancestors in the village. Most of the clans believe that they are the oldest clan living in the village without citing reliable sources. This article tries to analyze the history of the presence of the ancestors of these clans in the target village by examining the documents and oral narratives. this article is written in a descriptive and analytical way, relying on family documents and oral narratives. The main key word to create discourse interaction between tribes is the term Enzahi. The final result of examining the documents and evidences and exploring the meaning and meaning of the term Anzahi, according to the author, is that the clans of Aghajanpur, Jersari, Jursari, Suleimantabar and Abbastabar are from a common root and ancestor called Anzahi. . It seems that except Sadat and Georgians, who were pleasant and lived in Neshel during the summer, the permanent residents of Neshel were from two groups, Ramdan and Anzahi.

In this article, the importance of oral history in documenting the influence of local great men with a special approach to the life of Mirza Mahmoud Fadaei Mazandarani Talouki is discussed. First, there are discussions about local history, regional history and the interaction between the identities involved in them. And in the following, the relationship between these identity components with local, regional and national identity and the place of Talawki in it is explained. The importance of this research is due to the fact that less attention has been paid to the role of oral history in highlighting identity components and how they interact. The research method is library.The findings of the research show that by using the function of oral history in the genealogy of local nobles, it is possible to examine different aspects of their effectiveness. Talouki is one of the few people who has a multi-dimensional personality and his intellectual achievements and identity have been less noticed. By using oral history, it is possible to examine the spiritual effects of Taloaki poems in the local society of Mazandaran in different historical periods on the local customs and culture of Mazandaran and, if necessary, create local oral archives.

The study of war as a social phenomenon, encompassing actions, effects, and consequences, has long captivated scholars. Oral history serves as a valuable scientific method to explore the subject, especially in the context of the Iran-Iraq 8-Year War. Distinguished by its ideological aspect as the "Sacred Defense," this war presents a unique research opportunity for historians. Thus, this essay employs a descriptive and library-based approach to examine the "central theme and research problem" as a key foundation for investigating the oral history of the war. By adopting this approach, the research aims to uncover new collective interpretations of the past, avoiding mere retelling and reconstruction. Analyzing documents, memories, and diverse narratives allows for cognitive and analytical perspectives. The study seeks to present novel scientific themes through basic, developmental, and applied research, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the war's impact on Iranian society. With a focus on oral history, this research enriches our knowledge of the Iran-Iraq 8-Year War, shedding light on its social aspects and long-lasting consequences. The significance lies not only in historical context but also in the enduring influence on the nation's collective memory and identity. Ultimately, this targeted approach enables a deeper exploration of human experiences amidst conflict and imparts vital lessons from this pivotal historical event.

There is an insignificant body of knowledge on theoretical and methodical foundations of oral history in Iran. In addition, there exist drastic differences between issues such as cognitive references, the position of memory, the definition of oral history, question design, the type of interviews, selection of interviewees, the extent of interpretation intervention, interview implementation, etc. Considering their origins found within ontology, epistemology, and methodology, these differences have been overlooked in the Iranian academic sphere. Consequently, the present study sheds light on such differences by taking areas including method, memory, oral messages and cognitive references into account. Next, this study recommends the two aspects of ‘conventional oral history’ and ‘interpretive oral history’ as the two ends of oral history, in order to elaborate on reasons behind the existence of these differences. It is concluded that despite the precedence of conventional oral history over the interpretive, given its psychoanalytic and linguistic orientations, it should be noted that the backgrounds of oral historians lie between these two ends, rather than being exclusive followers of either type.

On April 5, 2016, with the presence of four of the battalions of the 25th Karbala Division of Mazandaran — namely Malek, Yaser, Ammar and Hamza — in the “Jafar Tayar” operations, their mission in Syria and the town of Khan Tuman began. Although not unrelated to its strategic location, what has made Khan Tuman an unforgettable name for the people of Iran and especially Mazandaran is actually rooted in a tragic event that began on Thursday, May 5, 2016, and culminated on Friday, which coincided with Eid Al Ma'bath — an Eid that was made bitter for everyone with the news of severe clashes in this syrian town located on the heights east of the Queiq River. Although the enemy had failed in its two previous attacks on April 9th and 19th, it was finally able to take control of this eventful town for a while by using foul play and violating international laws during ceasefire. Among the martyrs of this operation is martyr Seyyed Javad Asadi who played an effective role in this mission by accepting the responsibility of protecting the Imam Hassan (AS) Brigade. With the fall of Khan Tuman, in addition to what was reported in foreign media as an operational failure of the forces supporting Bashar Assad's government, the forces present in the field were also accused of negligence and faulty conduct and thus considered to be effective in the occurrence of this incident. Biased rumors concerning the truth of the incident began circulating with the aim of weakening the morale of the defenders of the shrine. The questions this research attempts to answer are: What is the role of Martyr Seyed Javad Asadi in this incident? How can the possible negligence of the soldiers in the incident of May 5, 2016 in Khan Tuman be proven or disproven? While introducing aspects of the martyr's self-sacrifice, valor, dedication and bravery, this research — which was compiled using a descriptive-analytical method and based on 70 hours of active interviews with the martyr's family and comrades — tries to examine the details of the events of May 5, 2016 based on available data and proves that according to recorded documents and the narrative of eyewitnesses, the notion of possible negligence on the fighters’ part is rejected.

To emphasize the benefit of purposeful and subject- oriented oral history interviews, as a tool to validate the hypotheses resulting from the futurist research approach in history, in order to identify ambiguities and contradictions in present and future historiography. The necessity of using futures research techniques in compiling oral history data has been analyzed by referring to the written library resources and application and efficiency of the proposed process based on machine methods. Just as in future research, past trends are used to explore the relationship between concepts, so historiography responds to ambiguities related to events by generating new hypotheses. The use of machine methods and software techniques makes it possible, in addition to detecting communication, to generate possible responses and to validate them through topic- based interviews. Oral history research requires the use of these innovative technologies and changes the approach to conducting interviews from retrospective to futuristic. The more oral historians pay attention to clearing up the ambiguities and needs of tomorrow's historians, the closer the texts resulting from this research method become to truth.

Oral history is one of the methods of collecting information in contemporary history. In oral history, there are some approaches give importance and credit to the narratives of activists and consider their mission to hear the voices of groups that have been less in the spotlight. Women are one of the groups that try to play their role in history and reflect it by using oral history, either in narration or in choosing the subject. Therefore, women's oral history can be presented in two main parts: a. When the narrators of the oral history are women, regardless of whether the subjects of the interview are women or men, b. When the subject of oral history is women. In this research, attention has been paid to the second type of women's oral history and it tries to draw attention to the type of women's narration. To improve the content, the book "Mother of Iran" has been chosen as an example, and the discussion of women's narration is explored in this book. He is present with the benefit of reading his book, i.e. oral history, with the benefit of how to explain to me where the plural of the result of that narration is based on an adulterous narration that may be combined with a masculine narration that is very disparate. An adulterous novel, my novel is based on the nature of adultery in a type of person, its context and its personal characteristic are the same, the type of person in it and its circumstances, such as its reasoning and even its reasoning in adultery. A collection of literary works that can be easily analyzed in this context. This is the subject of the issue, so that it becomes completely transparent. The occurrence of adulterous companions and adulterous companions in the process of generating an oral history corpus that often contains a very different language.