نشریه فرهنگ ایلام
پیاپی 76-77 (پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Rituals of death are expressions in the context of people's perceptions of death as well as the continued presence of the soul in space. This paper considers issues of death in the context of making the situation. Cultural rituals of death demonstrate indeterminate qualities، often invoking issues of territory and signs. Death is a transition within a much larger system of biological, cultural, and material relationships, and the border that separates these phases is highly variable and dynamic. Architecture reflecting cultural values of the living while memorializing the legacy of the dead. Ilam has had less cultural relation with central cultures in Iran due to geographical and topographical factors. These factors make a kind of originality in physical expression and sign in Ilam death rituals. One of the most important of these ceremonies is Chamar. Examining these rituals can be a new issue to understanding aspects of Ilam culture. The research method in this article is based on field study method and information based on personal observations and library studies. The results indicate that Chamar is a sign of spatial separation and a special type of space construction based on the attendance continuity and protection of the general aspect of rituals. In order to separate the space, some strategies and functions such as arrangement of people, intensity of music, variety of musical themes and song and the kind of space color, as well as arrangement of people such as Rovakars and objects such as animals, plants and trees have been used.

The present article is a survey-description of the causal-comparison type, which was conducted with the aim of comparative analysis of the cultural needs of male and female students of higher education centers in Ilam province. The statistical population of the research included all the students of the universities of Ilam province in the number of 16,714 people in the academic year of 2019-2020. Using Cochran's sampling formula and stratified sampling method, the studied sample was determined to be 374 people. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, which was multiplied after confirming its validity by using the opinion of experts (15 experts) and calculating the reliability of its subscales using the retest method and the internal consistency method. Data analysis tools were descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Descriptive findings showed that the level of cultural needs of female students is higher than that of male students. The results of the multivariate variance analysis also showed that the gender of the students affects at least one of the cultural needs; So that there is a significant difference between boys and girls between literary-artistic needs and recreational-sport’s needs; However, there is no significant difference between the level of religious needs and political-social needs among boys and girls; Also, gender explains 7.9% and 4.6% of the variance of literary-artistic needs and recreational-sport’s needs, respectively.