مجله پژوهش و فناوری محیط زیست
پیاپی 13 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Different fertilizers such as green, animal, chemical, biological and biochar are used in different nurseries to improve germination and growth. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soil conditioners on the germination rate and percentage of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries. This experiment was carried out in Nursery Lajim, located in Sarjangalbani Kaslian, General Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Swadkoh city. In this research, 20 soil conditioning treatments include rice husk to amount of 0.5% and 1% of soil volume, rice husk biochar to amount of 0.5%, 1% and 2% of soil volume, 150 and 300 grams of cow manure, minimum and maximum chemical fertilizer (minimum chemical fertilizer for super triple phosphate 0.6 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.45 grams and potassium sulfate 0.45 grams and chemical fertilizer for triple superphosphate 1.2 grams, for ammonium sulfate 0.9 grams and potassium sulfate 0.9 grams) and the control treatment was considered with three repetitions. The seeds selected for the experiment were cultivated in the appropriate soil depth, by observing the first young seed on the 10th of April, counting of seeds has started. The quality of seed germination was leaf emergence. For statistical analysis, after checking the normality of the data and the homogeneity of variances using the Shapiro Wilk and Loon tests at the 95% probability level, one-way analysis of variance was used. If the data were significant, comparisons were made using Duncan's test. The results showed that the effect of soil conditioners on the speed and percentage of seed germination has a significant effect. The highest germination rate and percentage were observed in the treatments of 1.25% cow manure and 1% rice husk, 1% maximum chemical fertilizer and rice husk, 2% rice husk biochar and 1% rice husk biochar, and in general, the use of these materials had the greatest effect on seed Fraxinus excelsior. it is suggested to use organic materials such as rice husk and cow dung to increase the germination of Fraxinus excelsior seeds in forest nurseries.

The aim of this study was to investigate the emission of heavy metals (cadmium and lead) in the soil around Taybad landfill. For this purpose, 15 stations at a distance of 100 meters from each other to the landfill of Taybad city were selected for sampling. Sampling 5 samples and repeating 3 times from each station, the samples were transferred to the laboratory for analysis to check the level of pollution indicators. Hypotheses were analyzed using one-sample t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient with spss 24 software. It was found that the average total concentration of lead is equal to 52.04 and the average total concentration of cadmium is equal to 1.748. The concentration of the mentioned metals is significantly higher than the average global soil and earth's crust with 95% confidence. In the case of lead and cadmium, the highest contamination was in station 10 and 4, and the lowest contamination was in station 6 and 12, respectively. It is concluded that the amount of soil contamination does not change significantly with increasing distance, because the volume and concentration of contaminant runoff from the landfill (contaminant) along the path is constant. Therefore, it is better to provide environmental training for municipal municipal personnel and citizens of the region and to invest in the restoration of the environment and its further protection.

During the last century, science and technology have grown and developed significantly, however, this development, along with all the advantages and added values for the quality of human life, has brought inappropriate effects on the environment. Unfortunately, the human conflict with the problems which has created for the planet, including wars and new diseases, has caused less attention to the impact of climate change on environment and especially the related agriculture activities. If the agricultural sector exposed by climate change and will not be able to meet human food needs, life will be near to its end point. Agricultural activities are not only exposed to these changes, but also by leaving possible negative effects on environment lead to these changes. Threatening food security, the reduction of biological diversity, the loss of soil, the reduction of water resources, and the conversion of forests into farms and their gradual destruction, turn the earth into an unlivable area with the unpredictable occurrence of storms, floods and temperature changes. Therefore, investigating the impact of climate change and its components on different ecosystems and species that affect agriculture can be a step towards achieving new management mechanisms to reduce and adapt to these changes and achieving sustainable environment and agriculture.

Given the importance of climate change on the structure of the planet's environment and its in habitants, and will continue to try to understand as much as possible how climate change is happening. In this study in the climatic phase, daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of Sardasht synoptic station in the period 1996-1996 were simulated using LARS-WG statistical model and after ensuring the efficiency of this model in Simulation of meteorological parameters in Sardasht region, to study climatic parameters in climate change, data; Three scenarios A2 (maximum scenario), A1B (medium scenario) and B1 (minimum scenario) of HadCM3 model in the period 2030-2011 were scaled with LARS-WG small statistical model. The results showed that according to the estimation of LARS-WG model for the studied scenarios in the future periods, the average temperature of Sardasht watershed will increase by 4 degrees Celsius. The amount of precipitation also shows a 2% increase compared to the base period. The results also show that in general, the performance of Lars model in modeling the meteorological variables of the stations under study is appropriate and can be used to reconstruct the data of stations in the past or Extend this data to the next period. It can also be used to assess the future climate of the province on a local scale.

Environmental protection plays an effective role in human health. In this regard, in recent decades, high-strength concrete in order to excel mechanical properties and durability and eliminate environmental disadvantages (due to the production of toxic carbon dioxide) in ordinary concrete, has been considered by civil engineering researchers. In this laboratory study, a mixing plan was made of ordinary concrete containing Portland cement with a grade of 500 kg/m3 and a mixing plan was made of alkaline concrete based on slag from a composing furnace. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties and durability, compressive strength and weight reduction tests of concrete were performed at 21 and 600 °C at a 90-day curing age in concrete. Applying high heat in concrete samples caused a decrease in the results of compressive strength test in ordinary concrete and reinforced concrete by 42.31% and 14.9%, respectively, and in weight loss test by 0.0067 and 0.0064%, respectively. Weight loss was achieved in ordinary concrete and alkaline concrete. Alkaline reinforced concrete in the compressive strength test at 21 and 600 degrees Celsius, showed an advantage of 11.41 and 64.35 percent compared to ordinary concrete. The results of scanning electron microscopy imaging test were in coordination with the results of other tests in this study.

Prevention of diseases, increase of body immunity and health and health attitude, along with income generation, which is one of the economic goals of every country, can be realized with the development of medicinal plants. The bitter elder species with the scientific name Hipphophae rhamnoides L. and the English name sea buckthorn is native to Iran and has many values that have been introduced in this research. The economy of resistance, which is one of the general policies of the system, will happen with the production of multi-purpose plants due to the climatic and social political crises. The development of economic species with the participation of communities along with the green space fulfills the production of medicine and food.It can include a bank for the development of gardens outside the city or domestic and foreign investors. According to the permission of the Ministry of Jihad and Agriculture, as well as the approval of the Science and Technology Park, part of the people have become familiar with the properties of this beautiful and economic medicinal plant in our country, but this plant is still not known to the public. By planting this species as a multi-purpose species, it is also possible to generate income with the products of this plant such as leaves and fruits. This species tolerates temperatures up to minus forty degrees. The purpose of this research is to introduce the properties and effective ingredients of this plant to be a guide for decision makers and investors.

According to many researchers, appropriate cultural conditions and contexts can create the environment that is environmentally sensitive and strives to use resources efficiently and create social responsibility. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of organizational culture on green management with the mediating role of psychological empowerment in West Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company as a study sample. This study is an applied research in terms of purpose and it falls into the category of cross sectional - survey research based on its nature. The main data collection tool is a questionnaire has validated by three methods of content validity, structural validity and convergent validity. In addition, Cronbach's alpha has been 0.96 and the composite reliability of all dimensions of the questionnaire has been above 0.7. The statistical sample of the study includes 98 employees of West Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company have selected by simple random sampling method and Cochran's formula for uncertain communities. To test the hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM) technique with Smart PLS3 software has been used.The results have shown that 1.Organizational culture has a direct and significant effect on psychological empowerment of employees 2. Organizational culture has a direct and significant effect on green management 3. Psychological empowerment of employees has a direct and significant effect on green management. In other words, organizational culture has a direct and indirect effect (through psychological empowerment of employees) on green management.

Microbial agents are among the most important pollutants that enter the Caspian Sea through untreated urban and rural sewage and cause health risks for swimmers. Intestinal enterococcus causes symptoms of stomach and intestinal inflammation.This research is a descriptive study and was conducted with the aim of investigating the contamination status of enterococcal enterococci in the water of the Caspian Sea coastal recreational waterson the coasts of Gilan province and comparing it with the standards of the environment and the Ministry of Health. 55 samples (each swimming pool, 5 replicates) were sampled from 11 coastal areas of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province in September 1401. Intestinal enterococcus variables, water temperature, pH, salinity and turbidity were measured according to the methods in the standard method book. The results showed that the average number of intestinal enterococcal bacteria per 100 ml of sample showed 52.54 MPN. Comparison of the average number of intestinal streptococci in different stations with the standard of the environment and the Ministry of Health showed that 5 stations (Safir Omid, Sadaf, Gisom, Tashe Abad and Chamkhale) were above the permissible limit. Also, there was a negative correlation between the number of intestinal streptococci and water pH (P<0.05). As a result of this research, it indicates the microbial contamination with intestinal enterococcus in some natural coastal recreational waters on the shores of the Caspian Sea in Gilan province, which can threaten the health of swimmers.

Wetlands are among the most important and endangered global ecosystems and provide a set of ecosystem services to society. Wetland management is an active process of supporting ecosystem services, because human activity simultaneously extracts economic and social benefits from ecosystem services, so in order to maintain these services for a long time and sustainably, quick balance through planning and decision appropriate selection is required. In Iran, based on the 4th, 5th and 6th development plans of the country, the Environmental Protection Organization has been obliged to implement the ecological management program in cooperation with other organizations and main stakeholders. The Integrated management plan is a strategy for the integrated management of water, land and livelihood resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in a balanced manner. Integrated management plan of Amirkelayeh international wetland has been prepaired in the form of an international plan for the protection of Iran's wetlands. The method used is strategic planning system. This management plan has been prepared based on the results of educational and consultative workshops and with the participation of representatives of major local and provincial groups. In this research, the general framework of the prepaired plan, including strategic and special objectives, and priority actions to achieve the final goal and vision, has been examined.

This study was investigated the patterns of water quality changes and the identification of invasive aquatic plant species in drinking water dams located in Mazandaran province, including Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran Dams. The best conditions of dissolved oxygen in Alborz, Shahid Rajaei and Meijran dams were around 10, 10 and 16 mg/L in April, respectively. Due to the thermal stratification created in August and September, the content of dissolved oxygen in all dams at a depth of 7 to 10 meters reached zero. Based on Carlson's index, these dams were eutrophic during these months. The highest amount of phosphate measured in July, August and September was observed in Meijran Dam. However, biological pollution of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were higher than Meijran dam, the biological and chemical oxygen demand of Alborz and Shahid Rajaei dams were about 2 and 2.5 times higher than Meijran dam, respectively. Also, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dams was about 2 time compared Meijran dam. Despite the decrease in the amount of total coliform in three dams in September, the amount of faecal coliform in Alborz dam was about 3 times other dams. Two plants, hydrilla and Potamogeton, were observed as the invasive plants in Meijran dam, which seems that cormorant bird are the cause of invasive plants entering the dam.

Precision agriculture is a new notion in modern agriculture. One of the reasons of the precision agriculture's growth among scientists and farmers, is the technological advancement in different fields including the geographic path system(GPS), sensors, aerial photos or satellite ( or RS ) and geographic information management facilities . Existence of parametric detection problems in the field of laboratory operations in the agricultural sector, particularly the detection of soil moisture persuade the specialists that always try to reach a suitable solution for soil moisture measurement needed for the plants and interested areas. So in this investigation it is tried to enable the detection of soil moisture by designing and making a hygrometer sensor which has been used of capacitive property in it. This capacitive sensor consists of two insulated aluminum plates that changes by changing the soil moisture, index of dielectric capacitor and its capacitance and frequency of the output circuit . From the characteristics of the device it can be detected to simultaneously moisture detection at several points of the field and also usage in control of the watering amount required by the plants. This machine in vitro was tested in 80 areas and for more exact tests by other different sensors. The mean error percentage received by the capacitive sensor is 0.60%.

Molecular science has an important role in the conservation and stability of animal species. Biology conservasion is essential to identify populations decline to implement adequate restoration programs. Despite molecular developments, there are many studies in this field to better understanding molecular merkers.

In this study, the genetic markers were examined that were used in more than 100 Persian and English articles.

Sources were selected from studies in the field of conservation biology, biology, molecular ecology, molecular markers and other related topics to provide a clearer model of each marker usage in the field of conservation biology.

In general, each molecular marker is not limited to one case, but there is a clear relationship between the characteristics of each marker and the maximum usage in many cases.

However, selecting the adequate marker in a wildlife conservation study the following steps are suggested: 1) study the species 2) Check the problems scale 3) Characteristics of molecular markers. Also, considering the mutation rate and the variability degree among nuclear and mitochondrial markers has a role in selecting of adequate marker. But in order to obtain accurate genetic and ecological information in conservation biology, the principles of population genetics and molecular evolution require more comprehensive education; By comparing molecular results with other sciences and quality control of the sequenced gene, more reliable results were obtained in the field of genetics and conservation.